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1
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1
i
i^rijliaalflfiia Cmtnnsis,
JOURNAL
CDDikian lrr|ifnlijgital laawiatioD.
VOL. IT. FIFTH 8EBIF&
LONDON:
PICEERINO AND OHATTO, 66, HATMAEKET, S.W.
1887.
WHXnVO kjn CO., 30 AVS 88, 8A.BSIVIi. BTBXn, w.o.
\ -
CONTENTS.
Margam Abbey ....
Weobley Castle, alias the Castle of Llan-
rbidian .....
ITnrestored Churches {continiied)
Docnments relating to the Tithes and
other Property belonging to the Dean
and Chapter of St. Asieiph
OldRiig .....
The Marriage Contract of King Edward II
Llyfr Silin yn Cynnwys achan amryw
Denlnoedd yn Ngwynedd, Powys, etc. .
Neath Abbey ....
Notes on the Charters of Neath Abbey .
UDrestored Churches (continued)
List of Welsh Royalists who Compounded
for their Estates in the Time of Crom-
w6u .....
Llyfr Silin yn Cynnwys achan amryw
Denlnoedd yn Ngwynedd, Powys, etc.
{continued) ....
The Old Qnay House, Penally
Lordship of English and Welsh Hunting-
ton, Herefordshire
Interesting Discovery at Llantwit Major
The Sculptured Sepulchral Effigy of a
Priest in St. Mary's Church, Swansea .
King Edward II in South Wales
Oystermonth Castle
Description of the Park Cwm Tumulus . J. Lubbock, Bart.,
and H. H. Vivian, Bart. 192
S. C. Gamwell .
PASS
1
J. D. Da vies
13
G. E. Robinson .
24
E. Rowley Morris
29
H.W.Lloyd
48
R. W. Banks
53
58
T. S. Sutton
81
David Lewis
86
0. E. Robinson .
116
John Davies
122
131
E. Laws
146
149
151
M. H. Bloxam
155
R. W. Banks
161
T. P. Martin
182
IV CONTENTS.
Llansaintffread, Llanhamlach, and Llan-
figan Churches . . . S. W. Williams . 202
Llyfr Silin yn Gynnwys achan amryw
Denlnoedd yn Ngwynedd, Powys, etc.
(continued) . . . . . . .214
y Llandaff Cathedral : Charoh Goods . 225
Compound Walls in North Wales: Caer
Drewyn, Penygaer, Craig y Dinas, and
Tre 'r Ceiri .... Hugh Prichard . 241
The Carmelite Prioiy, Denbigh . . D. R. T. . . 260
Notes on the Older Churches in the Four
Welsh Dioceses (continued). The late Sir S. R. Olynne, Bart. 274
Report on Excavations at Strata Florida
Abbey, Cardiganshire . . S. W. Williams . 290
Penny Crick Tumulus in Gower . J. D. Davies . 299
Llyfr Silin yn Cynnwys achau amryw
Dealuoedd yn Ngwynedd, Powys, etc.
(continued) . . . .... 301
Report of Annual Meeting at Denbigh .... 828
Lbcal Museum Catalogue ..... 368
Subscribers to Local Fund and Statement of Accounts . 868
Index ........ 870
Illustrations, List of . . . . .878
Reviews . . . . . .77,322
Obituary . . ... . . 817
cobrespondencb ..... 236
Miscellaneous Notices . . .74, 158, 237, 320
NOTICE.
With the April Number, Three Views of
TUTXAN ABBET, to accompany Mr. BlasbJU's
Paper in last year's Volume, will lie issued for
binding with that Volnme.
S70
sri
ss
§in:hHe0l05ia dtiamk^n^ii
FIFTH SERIES.— VOL. 17. NO. XIII.
JANUARY 1887.
MARGAM ABBEY.
(Read on the Spot, August 1886.)
The sources from which we can gather the history of
this fine old foundation are not many. The Annates de
MargaUy written on the spot, is a very perfect attempt
at a general history of the country from 1060 to 1232;
but the scantiness of the local information is indicated
by the fact that these Annals do not even give a com-
plete list of the Abbots who presided at Margam dur-
ing the time of their compilation. The Itinerary of
Giraldus Cambrensis, the various public records, and
some ancient deeds in private hands, furnish us with
glimpses of the life of the old monks ; and most of these
cross-lights have been focussed by Mr. G. T. Clark in
his admirable Land of Morgan, and especially in his
Contributions towards a Cartulary of Margam Abbey,
printed in the Archceologia Cambrensis, 3rd Series, vol.
xiii and vol. xiv.
The question has often been and still is debated,
whether Margam was a Welsh or Norman foundation ;
and since the foundation-deed is lost, patriotic Welsh-
men naturally espouse the former theory. The evi-
dence, however, seems to be strongly in favour of the
latter. Glamorgan, or, as it was originally styled, Mor-
ganwg, after Morgan H^n (Morgan the aged), who
5th 8CB.. YOL. lY. 1
2 MARGAM ABBEY.
held kingly sway over it, was once known as the *' land
of the saints"; and it undoubtedly possessed colleges
for learning and choirs for devotion long before the ad-
vent of the Normans, the Saxons, or the Danes. We
have still remaining to us the topographical names
and the saintly traditions of Cadwg (Cadoxton), St. 111-
tud (Llan-Illtud-fawr), and St. Fagans. The Norman
foundations of Neatn, Margam, and Ewenny, there-
fore, ancient as they are, can only claim to have re-
placed earlier seats of learning and of Christian wor-
ship.
The Norman conquest of Morganwg was effected by
Robert Fitzhamon in the time of William Rufus, and
he was induced to undertake the enterprise by the gift
of the honour of Gloucester, including lands in several
of the adjacent counties, whence he drew men and
means for the expedition. There seems to be no solid
basis of fact for the popular tradition that Fitzhamon
divided the whole of Morganwg among the twelve
knights who formed his suite. On the contrary, there
is abundant documentary evidence to show that several
of the great Welsh families were left in possession of
their estates after the conquest of the county. This
was the case in BrOy or Lowland Morganwg ; at Avene,
or Avan, now Aberavan and Cwmavan, where the de-
scendants of Jestyn ap Gwrgant continued for cen-
turies* It was also the case in Blaenau^ or Upland
Moryanwg, where the family of Einion ap CoUwyn re-
mained attached to the soil of their fathers.
When the conquering Robert Fitzhamon died in
1107, Lord of Glamorgan as well as Earl of Gloucester,
he left but one child, a daughter, Mabel, who was of
course a great heiress. It is on record, in verse, that
King Henry sought her hand in marriage for his ille-
gitimate son. The lady, knowing her own worth, asked
what name the suitor should bear; the King replied that
he should be called *' Robert le Fitz le Roy'\ and should
be created Earl of Gloucester and Lord of Glamorgan.
That settled the matter; the marriage took place; and
MARGAM ABBEY. 3
this bold and powerful noble, who was known as "Robert
Consul", founded Margam Abbey in 1147, the last year
of his life. His body was buried at Bristol, which was
the head of the honour of Gloucester.
The absence from Margam of the real founder's re-
mains, and the presence there of the bodies of the
Welsh Lords of Avene or Avan, coupled with the large
benefactions which Jestyn ap Gwrgant's descendants
made to the Abbot, caused them to be regarded as at
least the secondary if not the primary founders of the
Abbey. The Abbey was dedicated to St. Mary, and its
name was variously written Morgan, Margan, and Mar-
gam, in that happy time when as yet there were no
School-Boards, and no plucking for unorthodox spell-
ing. Margam was a great and wealthy foundation,
holding a prominent place among the Cistercian houses,
and being itself the mother, it is said, of other similar
religious communities.
The Cistercians are a religious order under the rule
of St. Benedict, and founded in 1098. The name comes
from Citeaux (Cistercium), twelve miles from Dijon in
France. The Cistercian Order became so powerful that
it is said to have ruled almost all Europe in temporal
as well as in spiritual concerns. Within a century of
its foundation it numbered eight hundred rich abbeys
in different countries in Europe; and many of these
possessed several benefices, Morimond alone having
seven hundred. The habit of the Order is a white robe
or cassock, with a black scapulary and a woollen girdle.
The nuns wear a white tunic, with a black scapulary
and girdle. The Order began by practising great auster-
ity. The fare was rude and scanty, limited during a
portion of the year to one meal a day. Silence was
enforced in their monasteries. In government they
followed the refonii of Stephen Harding, the English
monk, who brought about, instead of the indepen-
dent sovereignty of the abbot of each monastery, a
community of interest and rule, and of elective power
to the higher appointments, between the mother and
4 MARGAM ABBEY. ♦
daughter monasteries of the Order. This worked better
than independence, and it eventually resulted in the
freeing of the monasteries from episcopal visitation and
superintendence.
** With respect to intellectual culture and influence",
says one authority, "the Cistercians are not in the
front rank. Devoted to worship, to penance, to con-
templation, and to culture of the soil, the Order has
not shone so brightly as others in scholarship. The
Cistercian monks undertook the revision of the Bible ;
and in their Scriptorium many a valuable book was
copied, and good libraries were founded, though their
MSS. were less artistically ornamented than those of
other Orders."
But the Cistercians were highly popular. The Order
extended to, and so joined, both ends of the social .
scale. St. Bernard and the thirty novices who joined
him were all of noble birth ; and there is a record
of fifteen young German princes joining at one time.
But there was room within Cistercian walls also for
the poor and uneducated. Such as could not be choir-
brethren might be lay-brethren, and were set to till
the fields. This association of the poor labourer with
a rich and learned Order no doubt tended to the eman-
cipation of the poor from the serfdom in which the
feudal system held them.
Margam was richly endowed not only by the Earl of
Gloucester, the founder, and his son William, but also
by their successors in the lordship, the De Clares, the
Despencers, etc., and other Normans, and further by
the Welsh lords left on the soil.
The list of benefactors is a long one, though not
complete. It includes among the donors the names of
the burgesses and freemen of Kenfig ; Morgan ap Einon ;
the Scurlages of Scurlage Castle, Gower ; the Umfra-
villes ; the Bonvilles of Bonvillstone ; the Knights
Templars, forty acres ; Morgan ap Cradoc ; Hugn of
Llancarvan ; Morgan Gam ; Eees Goch ; Thomas de
Avene ; Galfridus Sturmy, whence the present Stormy;
MARGAM ABB£y. 5
Grono ap Bleth ; William Frankeleia ; Grono ap Sey-
sil, etc.
Margam Abbey existed for four hundred years, a
period as long as, and probably involving nearly as
many political and social changes as have passed be-
tween our own day and the accession to tne English
throne of Henry VII, the first of the Tudors ; and
during these four centuries it, no doubt, passed through
many vicissitudes, the history of which is now irrecover-
ably lost, if it was ever written. Leland says the
Abbey possessed the right of sanctuary, — a rare privi-
lege granted by the Normans to their inveterate foes
in Wales. But Margam's Abbots appear to have held
the balance fairly, and to have done much to soften, by
the sanctions and prohibitions of religion, the painful
condition of things subsisting between the invaders
and the invaded.
Of its four hundred years' history, little can be found
beyond a series of brief and disconnected jottings,
which, however, tell their own story.
1160. — Earl William, son of Margam 's founder, took
part in an expedition against Rhys ap Griffith, who re-
taliated in the following year by burning thq Grange,
or farm of Margam.
1183. — Earl William dies after having established
the borough of Kenfig.
1184. — Glamorgan lordship marcher in the hands of
the King, when certain charges were made for keeping
the Welsh prisoners, and for doing justice on them.
1187. — Bishop William of LlandaflT consecrates the
altar of the Holy Trinity at Margam.
1188. — Now comes a clearer peep at Margam and
the White Friars who lived in the Abbey. In this year
Giraldus Cambrensis, who was of Norman descent, but
had Welsh sympathies, and who ought to have been
Bishop of St. David's (which see he loved so well, and
whose dignity he fought for so zealously), went through
the country preaching the Crusade, with Baldwin, Arch-
bishop of Canterbury. His entry in his Itinerary, after
6 MARGAM ABBEY.
describing his arrival at LlandaflF, says : "On the follow-
ing morning, the business of the Cross being publicly
proclaimed at Llandaff, the English standing on one
side, and the Welsh on the other, many persons of each
nation took the Cross ; and we'' (Archbishop Baldwin
and Giraldus Cambrensis) ** remained there that night
with William, Bishop of that place, a discreet and good
man/'
Next morning, after early Mass before the high altar
of the Cathedral, '*we pursued our journey, by the
little cell of Ewenith, to the noble Cistercian Monas-
tery of Margam. This Monastery, under the direction
of Conan, a learned and prudent Abbot, was at this
time more celebrated for its charitable deeds than any
other of that Order in Wales. On this account it is an
undoubted fact that, as a reward for that abundant
charity which the Monastery always in times of need
exercised towards strangers and poor persons, in a
season of approaching famine their com and provisions
were perceptibly, by Divine assistance, increased, like
the widow's cruise of oil by the means of the prophet
Elijah."
Giraldus goes on to tell us of the awful punishment
which fell upon " a young Welshman of those parts",
who " by the instigation of the Devil set on fire the
best barn belonging to the monks, which was filled
with corn/' The dreadful punishment which fell upon
the impious youngster was this : " He immediately
became mad, ran about the country in a distracted
state, nor ceased raving until he was seized by his
parents and bound. But having burst his bonds, and
tired out his keepers, he came to the gate of the Monas-
tery, incessantly howling out that he was inwardly
burnt by the influence of the monks ; and thus in a few
days expired, uttering the most miserable complaints."
Other wonderful events occurred, especially on one
occasion, when a ship which the monks had sent to
Bristol for food was delayed by contrary winds, " thus
affording", as Giraldus says, *'an opportunity for a
MARGAM ABBEY. 7
miracle. On the very day when there would have been
a total deficiency of corn both for the poor and the
Convent, a field near the Monastery was found sud-
denly to ripen, more than a month before the usual
time of harvest. Thus Divine Providence supplied the
brotherhood and the numerous poor with sufficient
nourishment until autumn." " By these and other signs
of virtues, the place, accepted by God, began to be
generally esteemed and venerated."
1199. — Accession of King John, who rather favoured
Margam, but whose favour was dangerous, not only on
account of his unscrupulous character, but also from
his frequent quarrels with the Pope and mother church.
1205. — Confirmation Charter of John to Margam.
1207. — In this year, William the Cellarer, who
probably was cunning in the mixture of sweet-spiced
and pleasant beverages, was sent to the King to settle
a dispute between the monks and the burgesses of
Kenfig, and he was successful in his suit.
1210. — King John visited Margam on his way to
and from Ireland, and was so satisfied with his recep-
tion there that he granted the monks, together with
the monastery of Beaulieu — his own foundation —
exemption from the extortion practised on the other
Cistercian houses.
1211. — John led an army into Wales and received
the submission of Prince Llywelyn, and twenty-eight
noble hostagea ^
In 1212 there was a desperate state of things between
John and the Pope. Excommunication was pronounced.
All vassals were absolved from their oaths of fealty,
and all Christian princes were ordered to dethrone the
excommunicated monarch. This must have greatly
disquieted the monks of Margam, as well as created a
difficulty for all loyal men. But next year John gave
up the contest, became penitent, and granted to the
Pope and his successors the kingdoms of England and
Ireland, to be holden hereafter of the Bishop of Rome
in fee by the annual payment of 1 ,000 marks.
8 MARGAM ABBEY.
1213. — Abbot Gilbert displaced and succeeded by-
John of Goldcliff, one of the monks. Gilbert after*
■wards died as a monk at Kirkstall Abbey.
1215. — Conrad was Abbot when Magna Charta was
signed, and the monks could not but be deeply interested
in the establishment of the principle, that the Church
should possess all its privileges inviolate, especially
freedom of election to benefices.
1226. — House of De Clare succeeded to the Lord-
ship Marcher of Glamorgan, and held it until 1314.
1227. — The Welsh burnt the Margam Grange of
Pennith and many animals, and killed many men ;
also the Grange of Rossaulin (Resolven) with many
sheep, and drove away eleven cows and killed a farm-
servant. Also cleared the Grange of Theodore of
animals, and burned horses and sheep the property of
Margam.
1233. — The Abbot paid 100 marks for having his
charter confirmed.
1235. — ^The men of Bristol are to let the men of
Swansea have the wines that were seized, and the
Abbot of Margam 's ship is to be given up to John, the
cellarer of that house.
1242 (circa). — The Countess Isabel grants a charter
to Margam, now preserved at Penrice.
1242. — The monks got into hot water about the
use of the privilege of sanctuary. This year the King
(Henry) remitted his displeasure against the Abbot of
Margam, who had harboured William de Marisco.
Marisco was one of the turbulent and traitorous family
who have left the shell of their castle on the south-
east comer of lonely Lundy Island.
1245. — The bailiffs of Bristol are ordered to seize all
the wool purchased by the Ghent merchants from the
Abbot of Margam, and to hold it until further orders.
1250. — Abbot John resigns, and is succeeded by
Thomas de Perthwaite.
1256. — June 29 — John de la Warre died Bishop of
Llandaff. The 29th of June was a marked day in his
MARGAM ABBEY. 9
history. On that day he resigned the abbacy of
Margam^ on that day he was elected Bishop, and on
that day he died.
1257. — Under date of this year there is an interest-
ing notice of the ancient family of the Mansels or
Maunchells, ancestors of the present Lord of Margam ;
setting forth the pious considerations which led to the
foundation of religious houses. The Mansels founded
the two Priories of Rumney and Bilsington. One of
these — a priory of regular canons — is said to have been
established " in the year that God took upon Him the
form of a servant'*, 1257, and the forty-first of Henry
HI. And Matthew Paris has this quaint entry: "Sir
John Mansel a man prudent, circum-
spect, and rich, wisely considering that the favour of a
king is not hereditary, nor the prosperity of this world
always permanent, founded a Religious House . . .
that so passing by temporall goods he might not lose
eternal."
1263. — One William Powyk took depositions in a
dispute between the Abbot of Margam and the Prior
of Ewenny as to the ownership of two tenements in
Llanmeuthin.
1294. — The Abbot of Margam Was appointed col-
lector of the current subsidy to the King.
1339. — Hugh le Despencer grants a charter to
Margam.
In 1384 we have the first record of the invasion of
the sea coasts of Glamorganshire by blown sands.
Richard II grants to the Abbot of Margam the for-
feited advowson of Aberavon and other compensation,
for the loss occasioned by the inroads of the sea sand,
which, since that time, has swallowed up Kenfig, and
rendered much land valueless.
Then there is a long gap in the history of the Abbey,
until the date of the Dissolution, when we find that
Lewis Thomas was the last Abbot. Margam was one
of the 1,000 religious houses which Henry VIII sup*
pressed, and probably some of its revenues went into
10 MARGAM ABBEY.
the general fund of £160,000, equal to about £1,500,000
of our money, out of which the King founded six new
bishoprics, several colleges, schools and hospitals, re-
paired Dover Castle and other national defences, and
pensioned a few monks and many favourites.
At the Dissolution, Margam seems to have possessed
seven granges, eleven other farms, five tithe barns, five
mills, eight wheat farms, besides fees, and tything of
wool, lambs, cheese. There were many applicants for
the lands of the Abbey, notably St. John, ancestor of the
Fonmon family ; Carne, ancestor of the St. Donnatt's
family, and one Gunter, who was a farmer of abbey
lands. These negotiations terminated in 1564 by the
sale of Margam Abbey and its demense to Sir Rice
Mansel, of Oxwich Castle, Gower, for £678 Is. Gd.
It was granted to him in fee, subject to a gross rental
of £4 45. ll^d. This document, with a great seal in
white wax, is still at Margam. The Mansels, evidently
tired of the staircase exercise which they had to
undergo to reach the high state apartments at Oxwich,
erected a long and low but large residence, with fine
stables, out of a part of the Abbey structures. Some
curious old pictures of the house are still preserved in
the new mansion, and there is a drawing of the fish-
ponds, etc., in the Beaufort Progress, The original
gateway of the Abbey still stands in a meadow below
the turnpike-road, and may be seen from the tower of
the modern mansion.
1684. — The first Duke of Beaufort, in his progress
through Wales, visited Margam, and was entertained
by Sir Edward Mansel, M.P., at what is called in the
journal of the Progress " a noble seat formed out of an
ancient religious house".
The ruins of the Abbey are now scanty, as they
could hardly fail to be after 350 years of misuse and
neglect, but enough still remains to indicate pretty
clearly the scope of the whole. In general, the ground-
plan of Margam resembled that of the more famous
and better preserved monastery at Westminster. The
MARQAM ABBEY. 11
church, in the late Norman style, was very large and
fine, consisting of nave, choir, aisles, and transepts,
but no towers nor crypt. The present parish church is
but a small and much altered portion of the original
edifice. In the south wall of the ruined choir, there is
a small Early English door of great beauty, which
probably led to the Abbot's private apartments. The
north transept is entirely buried beneath the graves of
the modern churchyard. The remains of the south
transept have good Early Decorated windows, and in
the south wall still remains a beautiful octagonal pis-
cina, with its accompanying aumbrey, while in the
adjacent corner linger the remains of the steps of an
altar. The cloisters were bounded on the north by
the church, and on the south by the refectory, which,
on the evidence of an old plinth, is said to have occu-
pied the site of the present fine orange-house. At
least the northern limb of the cloister was built in the
rich Decorated style. The vestibule of tHe chapter-
house has a fine central arch of pure Early English
with dog's tooth ornament. The chapter-house itself,
which is an architectural gem, is twelve-sided with-
out, and within circular. The vaulting resembles that
of the later chapter-house at Westminster. Margam
is rather an early example of the circular chapter-
house. Previous chapter-houses were for the most
part rectangular. In plan, central pier, mouldings,
etc., Margam's chapter-house is Early English, but the
windows with their square capitals seem earlier in
style. 1190 to 1210 may include the date of its erec-
tion. Thus the whole of the monastic structures at
Margam are late Norman, Early English and Decorated
Gothic. There are no traces of Perpendicular work.
The facings of the walls were the most part of ashlar
work, with Sutton stone dressings, corbels, mullions,
etc. The roof of the chapter-house, which had long
been protected only by a covering of brown paper, fell
in at the beginning of the present century.
Of the remains, other than architectural, should be
12 MARGAM ABBEY.
mentioned the massive carved sandstones, with central
bosses in circles and interlacing work. They are sup-
posed by some to have been connected with the ancient
sun or other pagan worships, while others declare them
to be merely boundary-stones ; but, at any rate, they
seem to be of a date anterior to the Abbey. Then
there are several thirteenth century sepulchral slabs
scattered about the place, and one finely carved eflSgy
of a cross-legged Crusader in chain armour and with a
long shield, leaning against the outer wall of the
chapter-house.
The sixteenth century and subsequent Mansel tombs
in the present church tell their own story.
And now, by way of conclusion, may we not grant, in
imagination, a momentary resurrection to the good old
monks of Margam. The ruined Abbey is restored to
its first splendour. The white-robed brethren go to
and fro before our eyes. They group themselves again
in their magnificent church, taking part in almost
hourly devotions. We catch stray sounds of their
gossip and the murmur of their paternosters as they
perambulate again the Decorated cloisters. A solitary
brother is busy copying an illuminated MS. in the
Scriptorium. Long sentences of patristic lore fall from
the lips of the day's reader as the monks sit silent at
their meal in the refectory. The sunlight, streaming
through the windows of the beautiful chapter-house,
falls upon the chaste enrichments of the interior. On
this very spot are again discussed the great questions
of Church and State ; the Constitutions of Clarendon ;
the martyrdom of Becket ; the bitter penance of Henry ;
the excommunication and then the abject repentance
of John. Amid the din of these debates, we distin-
guish the nationalities of the monks — the aggressive
Norman-French of those who came in with Fitzhamon,
the stolid sense of the conquered Saxons, the fiery
and poetic impetuosity of the native Welsh. Here
they all met and mingled. Here the grim race-hatred,
softened by religion, melted into respect, and issued in
WEOBLEY CASTLE. 13
the better rule of brotherly love. Here the prince
and the peasant, the free man and the slave, lived and
laboured, sufiered and prayed, for four hundred years.
Here also they died and were buried. To the archaeo-
logical mind, therefore, wherein reason and remem-
brance are blended with reverence, the place of our
pilgrimage to-day is deeply interesting, if not holy
ground. S. C. Gamwell.
WEOBLEY CASTLE,
ALIAS THE CASTLE OF LLANRHIDIAN.
{Read on the Spot, August 1886.)
I THINK most people will agree with me when I say
that, whether from an antiquarian point of view, or
any other, there are no buildings in Gower which
possess so much peculiar interest for the reflecting
mind as its old castles. Who built them ? and when ?
are naturally the inquiries of those who see them.
The strength and solidity of the waUs, the hardness of
the mortar with which in most cases the stones are
cemented (almost as hard as the stones themselves),
are matters of curiosity and surprise, and suggest
questions which I will do my best to answer.
To write a perfect history of this old castle, its
fortunes and various owners, is a somewhat difficult
matter. So far as the materials which I have collected
go, I am only able to give some account of it ; there
are many gaps, which I leave to others to fill up and
complete a history, to which this paper may be taken
as a contribution.
As documentary evidence is scarce, and some of it
all but inaccessible, the only method of sketching its
history is by tracing back its former owners, whose
names appear as witnesses to ancient deeds, and some-
times as the authors of charters, given under their
14 WEOBLEY CASTLE.
hands. Occasionally, in such writings, the names of
other persons of note are met with, and their places of
abode ; the evidence of these documents is, therefore,
of the greatest importance. Much valuable aid in
tracing out the ownership of property is to be derived
from the inquisitiones post mortem. There are also
copies of letters patent, and various legal instruments,
preserved in the Record Office in London, relating to
the persons and estates of former owners of Weobley
and its manor. We have also the testimony of pedi-
grees, and some scanty notices in a few ancient
authors. These are our sources of information, and it is
with the help of these I have put together some
account of this old castle.
So far, the public know very little more about the
Gower castles than what they gather from guide-
books, which all unite in assigning them to Henry de
Newburgh, alias Beaumont, Earl of Warwick, the con-
([ueror of Gower in a.d. 1099 ; and with this brief
notice the subject is generally dismissed, and tourists
and others must remain satisfied.
Enough has been said in the earlier portion of my
history of West Gower to show that beyond all doubt
Henry de Newburgh conquered Gower, and at the
time assigned; but, doughty warrior as he was, he
did not conquer the country single-handed ; he brought
with him a chosen body of knights adventurers, whose
pay and compensation were the lands and heredita-
ments of the conquered people. Then it was that the
numerous mesne manors in Gower were carved out,
and bestowed as rewards upon those who had assisted
the great Earl in his conquest. The names of the
knights who actually accompanied him are uncertain ;
but those of de Braose, de la Mer, de la Bere, de Turber-
ville, de Bar ri, de Pennard, de Scurlage, de Langton, Baret,
Penrice, Mansel, and Bennet, all Norman, pure and
simple, are the earliest names we meet with in charters
and other documents relating to the history of Gower
under the Norman occupation. There were doubtless
WEOBLEY CASTLE. 15
others of lesser note, but the above were the leading
men.
Upon these manors, granted by de Newburgh, the
Norman owners, for obvious reasons, erected (by the
enforced labour of the wretched inhabitants) castles or
fortified mansions ; and hard work they had to defend
them, for the Welsh chieftains were far from letting
them enjoy the fruits of their conquest in peace, and
were often successful in their attacks, taking and
burning the strongholds of their enemies, as will be
presently seen.
The earliest mention of Weobley is found in the
Brut-y-Tywysogion (the Chronicle of the Princes),
written by Caradoc of Llancarvan, in the twelfth
century, and it is thus noticed: "-A.D. 1099, Harry
Beaumont came to Gower, against the sons of Caradog,
son of lestin, and won many of their lands from
them, and built the castle of Abertawy, the castle of
Aberllychwr, the castle of Llanrhidian, and the castle of
Penrhys, in the place where Rhys, son of Caradog, son
of lestin, was slain, and established himself there, and
brought Saxons from Somersetshire, where they ob-
tained lands, and the greatest usurpation of all the
Frenchmen was his in Gower."
From the same authority (Brut-y-Tyivysogion) we
learn that in the year 1150, that is, about fifty years
after the erection of this castle by de Newburgh, it
was taken and burnt by Meredydd and Rhys, two
Welsh chieftains. From this time, and for the space
of about one hundred years after, the Normans had a
hard time of it in Gower, and must have been pretty
nearly all driven out ; for it is stated in the Myvyrian
Archaiology that in the year 1215 Rhys leuangc took
the castles of Cedweli and Carnwilliawn (in Caer-
marthen), and from thence drew towards Gower, taking
the castle of Llychwr; from thence he went and fought
against the castle of Hugh de Myles of Talybont, which
he took. Next morning he went to Sein Henyd, from
which the garrison withdrew, and burned the town.
16 WEOBLEY CASTLE.
Thence he went to Ystumllwynarth, which he took,
and at the end of three days he had subjugated all
the castles of Gower. (Vide Myv. Arch,^ ii, p. 448.)
After this, viz., in 1216, there must have been a
temporary Norman reoccupation, for in 1217 we gather
from the same authority that Rhys Gryg took all the
castles of Gower, and drove all the Saxons from that
country. {Vide Myv., ii, p. 452.)
In 1221, however, things seem to have taken a turn
for the better with the Normans, for in that year, it
is stated, on the same authority, that John de Bruce
repaired the castle of Sein Henyd, with the advice
and consent of Prince Lly welyn. ( Vide Myv., ii, p. 484.)
I should state that he had married Margaret, one of
Llywelyn's daughters.
In 1255 there was a great invasion of Gower by
the Welsh underLlywelyn ap Gruffydd, Prince of North
Wales, Meredydd ap Rhys, Rhys Vychan, and others ;
but it is only recorded that they took Llan Geneu
Castle, and then returned home. {Vide Myv. Arch.,
ii, p. 400.)
Unfortunately, in none of these notices is there any
mention of the names of those who possessed these
castles at the time, except that of Hugh de Myles of
Talybont. The first Norman family on record as pos-
sessing Weobley is that of de la Bere, members of
which, in certain old documents, official and otherwise,
are distinctly described as of Weobley and Knolton (now
Knelston), in Gower.
Mr. G. T. Clark, F.S.A., of Dowlais, a well-known
antiquary, in his contributions towards a cartulary of
Margam, states that no authentic pedigree of the
Welsh de la Beres has been preserved. They seem, he
says, to be of Gower. 1. Sir John de la Bere, who
was father of David and Isabel. 2. Sir David de la
Bere, 25th Ed. I (1297), 7th Ed. II (1314), and 17th
Ed. II (1324). He bore azure, a bend argent, cotised
between six martlets or. He had 1, Adam ; 2, a
daughter, married John Butler ; 3, Adam de la Bere
WEOBLBY CASTLE. 1 7
of Knolston, in Gower ; 4, Sir John de la Bere of
Weobley Castle, in Gower, who had a moiety of Mar-
cross manor. He married Agnes, daughter and co-
heir of Sir Payne Turberville, of Coity, and had Eliza-
beth, married to Oliver St. John, and Margaret, married
first Roger Dennis, and secondly Sir Elias Basset.
The de la Bere quarterings were always used by the
Lords St. John and Bolingbroke, and appear in the
Basset shield over the porch at BeauprS. Besides
these, there was Sir Richard de la Bere, SheriflF of
Glamorgan, 5th Hen. V (1418), and Sir Roger de la
Bere, of Cheriton and Llangennith, in Gower, about
the time of Ed. Ill ; his granddaughter and heir,
Elizabeth, married David Cradock of Cheriton.
With regard to Adam de la Bere, I find he wit-
nessed a charter at Weobley dated 18th Oct. 1318,
temp. Ed. II, vide my notices of Cheriton parish. The
name of Ada de la Bere, probably the same person,
appears as a witness to a deed in 1334, vide Hist, of
West Gower, part i, p. 72. His son, Sir John de la
Bere, witnesses a charter of Sir Gilbert de Turberville,
dated at Llandimore, 1335, vide notices of Cheriton
parish. The inquisitio post mortem of the last-named
Sir John de la Bere is dated 11th Hen. IV, a.d. 1410.
" Johes de la Bere, Wibbeley manerium Batallatum
infra dom' d' Gower, vocat' Gowerland ut de castro &
dominio de Swansea.'' He is also described of Webbley
in 1399-1400, temp, 23 Rich. II— 1 Hen. IV, vide Hist.
W. Gower, part ii, p. 168. In this inquisitio, Weobley
is described as a ** manerium batallatum" (a fortified
mansion house) rather than a castle ; and this con-
firms the opinion of Mr. G. T. Clark and other experts,
as to the character of the building in question. There
are no traces of the portcullis groove, such as we find
at Penrice, unless there was an outer work which has
been removed, which does not seem to have been the
case.
There must have been other de la Beres of Weobley
after the above-named Sir John ; for in an inquisitio
6th seb., vol. IV. 2
1 8 WEOBLEY CASTLE.
post mortem of John de Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk,
Lord of the Seigniory of Gower, and dated 11th Hen.
VI, 1432, Weobley is returned among the said Duke's
possessions, and held at that time by John de la Bere.
" Weblye dimid' feod' Joh'em de Bere."
John Leland, the antiquary, Chaplain to Henry
Vni, speaks of this castle as follows : — " Almost in
the middes of Gowerland, a v miles from Suansey, is
the castel of Guible, that longed to the Delamers."
Vide Leland's Collect, vol. iv, p. 94, Hearne's ed. This
may have been so ; Leland is a good authority, and it
would be a hazardous thing to contradict him ; all I can
say is, that hitherto I have met with no further evidence
that this castle ever belonged to the de la Mers. They
were certainly of Oxwich and Llangennith, and some-
thing may yet turn up to confirm Leland's statement.
Between the death of Sir John de la Bere, in 1410,
and that of another of the same name, the last-
mentioned John de la Bere, in 1432, the name of
John Rodney, Esq., crops up, as owner of Weobley
Caatle. I have no documents of any sort relating to
this ; my only authority for making the statement is
the following letter, received in 1 884, from my friend
Mr. David Jones, of Norton Lodge, Wallingford,
Surrey.
" Dear Sir, — An antiquarian friend asked me to-day if I
could tell him something of Weobley Castle in Gower. His in-
quiry, put in form, takes this shape. John Rodney, Esq., of
Somersetshire, owned the manor of Llanrhidian and Weobley in
Gower, and also the Castle of Weobley ; and at his death, in
1420, he left the same to his widow, Agnes llodney. What my
friend wants to know is : How did John Rodney become possessed
of this Glamorganshire property ? Who was Agues his wife ?
And to whom did the property pass after her death ?
'* Yours faithfully D. Jones."
I have been quite unable, so far, to clear this matter
np, but do not despair. There is much more to be
learned about the vicissitudes of this old castle and
its owners than what appears in this paper. I find
WEOBLEY CASTLE. 1 9
the name of Richard de Rodeneye, the King's Escheator,
in 14th Ed. II, a. D. 1321, and that he had a very
important business to attend to in Gower at that
time, in consequence of John de Mowbray taking
possession of his Gower estates without the royal
licence, and which consequently became escheated to
the King. Vide Hist, of West Gower, part i, p. 70.
This, however, throws no light upon the question
before us, and speculation is worse than useless. Mr.
Jones does not say upon what authority his friend
makes this statement, that John Rodney, Esq., died
in possession of Weobley in 1420; I wish he had ; it
would have been of great service to me, and I might
have been able to trace the matter.
For the next owner of this Castle, after 1433, the
date of the death of the last-mentioned John de Bere,
we must put in the evidence of the pedigree of Sir
Rhys ap Thomas, given in a valuable folio of MS.
pedigrees, now in the possession of Mr. Joseph Joseph,
F.S.A., of Brecon. Here I find that Lucy, daughter
of Griffith ap Nicholas, married first Hugh Basset,
and second John St. John, senior, of Gower. A note is
appended to this, ** This was John St. John of Weobley
Castle." Lucy verch Griffith ap Nicholas was alive in
1472, 12th Ed. IV, and the following very interesting
notice respecting her is given in Dr. Thos. Nicholas'
Hist, of Glamorganshire, p. 119: — "By a receipt of
Lady Lucy Basset, called Lucy verch Griffith Nicholas,
dated Oct. 10th, 1472, it appears that Richard Lougher
farmed from her a moiety of Weobley Castle in Gowe»."
She was then either the wife or widow of her first
husband, Hugh Basset ; and, as she married a second
time, she must have been alive after 1472 ; and this
helps us approximately to fix the time of John St.
John, of Weobley Castle. There is no date given in
his pedigree, but it must have been towards the close
of the fifteenth century, and it is just at this time
(temp. Rich. Ill and Henry VII) that the illustrious
Welshman, the renowned Sir Rhys ap Thomas, appears
2*
?.0 WEOBLEY CASTLE.
jDn the scene, described in the pedigree as lord of
Gwibll, and many other castles and manors in Wales.
His son, Sir Griffith Rhys, died in his father's life-
time ; but a son of his, Rhys Griffith, Esq,, succeeded
to his grandfathers vast possessions, bnt forfeited a
large portion of the estate, being attainted of treason
and executed in the time of Henry VIIL In the
twenty-third of this Kings reign, 1531, -whicli was
soon after the attainder of Rhys Griffith, the manor of
Weobley being part of his forfeited estates, was
bestowed as a jointure upon Lady Katherine Edge-
combe. The papers relating to this are to be found in
the Chapter House Records, County Bags, Wallia,
Bag of Miscellanea, No. 3, South and West Wales,
No. 8. It may be sufficient to give a short extract : —
** Possessions of Res ap Griffith, 23 Hen. 8. D ne
Man'ia et tenem' assign' p' Junctur D'ne Kat'ine
Edgecombe. Man'iu de Wybley Valz in Redd' et
Eermis iVm p' annu ultra Repris xj/i. ix5." There is
other matter, but the above is all that relates to
Weobley. She doubtless held it until her death,
which probably took place in 1547, the 38th of Hen.
VIII, for in that year the King granted a lease of it
for twenty-one years to Sir Wm. Herbert, Knt.
Between the 5th and 6th of Philip and Mary, that
is, A.D. 1557-8, this manor, and other property in
Gower, of the said Rhys Griffith, were sold to Anthony
Mansel, Esq., of Llantrithred Park, Glamorgan. The
particulars for the grant are made out 1557-8, and
the following memorandum appears in the documents.
"6 November 1558, Sold to Anthony Manxel accord-
ing to the Queen's warrant. 6 die Novembris, 1558,
Ratyd for Anthony Manxel Esquj^er. The clear value
of the property yearly, £49 16^. id., which rated at 20
years purchase, amounteth to £996 Is. 8d. The money
to be paid viz. £500, in hand, before the ensealing of
the letters patent of the aforesaid Anthony Manxel
Esqre., and the rest to be paid by the sum of one
hundred pounds yearly, at or before the feast of St.
WEOBLEY CASTLE. 21
Michael the Archangel, etc. The King and Queens
Majesties to discharge the purchaser of all things and
Incumbrances made or done by their Majesties (except
leases). A bond to be taken for the sum of £496 Is, 8a"
The document is given at full length in my notices of
Cheriton parish, pp. 177-8-9.
After this purchase there are certain documents in
the reign of Queen Elizabeth, relating to the sale of the
manor of Weobley to Wm. Herbert, Earl of Pembroke ;
and again, a licence is given in the same Queen s reign
to Wm. Herbert, Esq., to alienate the same to Law-
rence Hide, Esq., and others ; but they are so perjilex-
ing, that I confess my utter inability to understand
them, and must leave the matter to the gentlemen
learned in the law to explain. A transcript of the
original papers, preserved in the Record Ofl&ce in
London, may be found in part ii of my Hist, of West
Gower.
Inheriting through the Mansels, the present owner of
this old castle and its manor is C. R. Mansel Talbot,
Esq.,of Margam Park, the Lord Lieutenant and Member
for the county.
There is a tradition that it was besieged by a party of
Cromwell's troops, and a groove in the wall is pointed
out as showing the supposed track of a cannon-ball, fired
from artillery planted on the opposite side of the valley,
close to the high road leading to Swansea. If this is
true, it would be interesting to know who was the loyal
gentleman who then held it for King Charles. That
there was any actual siege is unlikely, but that it was
"slighted" (disembattled), and rendered indefensible,
as Penrice seems to have been, by the Cromwellian
troops, there is very little donbt ; perhaps the story of
the siege grew out of the -slighting^ which Was
probably accompanied with some firing and military
display. It is a fact, however, that an iron cannon-
ball was found in the castle some years ago, and this,
with a spur of antiquated form, are the only curiosities
that I have heard of as being discovered in the build-
22 WEOBLEY CASTLE.
ing. A drawing of a very interesting Perpendicular
window in this castle was given to me by the late
Mrs. Traherne of Coedriglan. I have the drawing,
and am glad to find that the window still exists. The
evidence of this window is of much consequence, as it
points to a period in the history of this castle when it
must have undergone a process of rebuilding and re-
construction ; so that the structure we now see is
probably of the fourteenth or fifteenth century, for
the Perpendicular style of architecture began about
1399, and continued to 1547. There is no better and
safer guide, in fixing the dates of ancient buildings,
than the forms of the windows and window tracery.
The name Weobley, variously written in old docu-
ments, as Gulible, Gwiblee, and Wibbley, but in-
variably pronounced Wibbley by Gower people, has
been a matter of some discussion. It is probably
nothing more than the Anglicised form of the Welsh
word Gwibli, which in that language means wander-
ing, gadding about, as applied to vagrants. Curi-
ously enough, Owen Pugh, in his Welsh Dictionary, under
the head of Gwibli, has the phrase ** castell Gwibli"
(the castle of vagrancy). The late Sir Gardner Wilkin-
son, to whom I communicated this etymology, thought
it was very likely to be correct, and I believe adopted it.
The n)ortiir observed here and there in some of
these old castles is exceedingly hard ; but I should
mention that it is not invariably so ; at Penrice, for
instance, it does not present this appearance, and is
exceedingly rotten. There was evidently a difference
in the quality. But, whether good or bad, the mode
of building was evidently the same, namely, that which
is known as grouting. The process was as follows :
the stones of the outside and inside shear were care-
fully laid with hammer and trowel in the usual manner,
and carried up a little way ; the heart of the wall was
then filled in with loose stones, and cemented together
with grout, that is, with hot lime mixed with very
bmall gravel and sand, and poured in in a liquid istate.
WEOBLBY CASTLE. 23
This plan is still adopted, and there is no better way of
building a really strong wall. The lime used, where we
meet with the excessively hard mortar, almost as hard
as stone, is probably that locally known as Aberthan ; if
there was anything else mixed with it, besides water
and sand, it ought not to be beyond the science of
chemistry to tell us what it was ; but I fear this is one of
those practical things which science does not explain.
There is yet one point in the history of the Gower
castles which I should like to ascertain ; and that is, if
they are so placed as to be able to communicate by
signals to each other. I am inclined to think they
could. The watch-towers, the highest parts of the
castles, are all gone. It is quite certain that in early
times the garrisons would often stand in need of each
other's assistance, and it is highly probable that, in
selecting their sites, the owners would have some regard
to this.
I am far from thinking that I have ffiven anything
like a perfect liistory of this Castle. I feel that it is
defective in many points ; and I should not be at all
surprised if a careful and critical scrutiny of the matter
may discover even errors. If, however, I have, in what
has been written, helped any future historian, I shall be
satisfied ; he is welcome to the materials gathered by
me, and I shall be quite contented to let this paper be
looked upon, not as a history, but as a contribution to
the history of the old Castle of Weobley.
J. D. Da VIES.
UNRESTORED CHURCHES.
i_Conli»aed/rom vol. Hi, p. U7 )
CYFFIG CHURCH.
Still further westward from St. Clear's, aiid on the
top of a bleak, wild moorland, stands the lonely church
of Cyffig, — scarcely a house within, sight ; and one is
perplexed to ascertain the reason for the building of
80 large a church where the population is now, and
apparently must always have been, a small one. Nor
is this the only perplexity which meets us in con-
sidering this fabric. It ie to all appearance a double
church, having a tower of immensely massive propor-
tions at the western end of, and rather wider than
the northern of the two naves, while the southern
nave, which is of earlier date, has a bell gablet over
its western end. The northern nave appeara to have
been rebuilt at the latter end of the last century, and
UNKESTOKKD CHUHCHES. 25
sundry additions, in the shape of windows, were made
to the southern one about the same period ; but
all of them in the worst possible taste. Tliere are
indications to he observed in the masonry of the
western end which lead to the supposition that there
has been a porch, the door from which to the nave
is walled up. The only external architfectural fea-
ture of the church which is worthy of notice, with the
exception of the tower, is the south door. It has a
singly-recessed two-centred arch with a splayed angle
finishing upon a stopped chamfer. This doorway and
the arcade dividing the two naves are of the same
date, about the middle of the fifteenth century. The
latter, so far as I could see through the coarse glass of
the windows, had a two-centred pointed arcade formed
of laminated slabs, and resting upon low piers, square
in section, and very massive, and now thickly coated
with whitewash.
The one feature of all others which attracts and
enchains attention when approaching this church is its
W>1--^'^^'
massive tower. Differing but little from those of
other churches around as to its architectural detail,
it has the same splayed base, tapering walls, corbel-
table and battlemented parapet ; yet its very bulk
2G UNRESTORBD CRDBOHES.
constitutes a difierence, and gives it the appearance of
Norman massiveness rather than the Perpendicular
tower it really ia. Whence the reaaon for this huge-
ness it is hard to conceive, unless it be to withstand
the almost ceaseless shock of elemental war in this
■wild solitude. Be that as it may, the walls of the
lower st-agtf are about 8 feet in thickness, and the low-
browed four-centred doorway is quite in keeping ; so,
too, 19 the door itself, of old oak planks secured to a
solid post of oak let into a stone socket. No mere
iron hinge would suit the builders of this keep ; that
might decay ; so they built an everlasting one of
stone into the solid wall, and it remains as good as
ever. The lower chamber is rudely vaulted with
quadripartite vaulting, and two deeply recessed arches
south and east appear as if intended to give access to
either nave ; but both are blocked, and the inner
Plan ot CtSji Chnich.
walls of the chamber have neither plaster nor traces of
colourwash. It is lighted by a two-light window high
above the floor-line. The newel stair from one corner
of it leads to a chamber over, in which there is a fire-
place evidently original, and doubtless much needed
UNRE8T0RED CHURCHES. 27
for the comforting of the poor brother who was detailed
for service here, from the Abbey of Alba Landa far
down in the sunny vale below. The newel stair leads
up to the bell-chamber ; as usual, in a sad state.
There is only one bell, inscribed to ** Walter David
Minister 1793" which tells its doleful tale to but very
few, and those apparently not sympathelic hearers.
The font, if it is the font I saw, is a rude square
trough, standing on the floor of the church, and near to
it is the holy water stoup, built into the wall, but in such
a position as to make a western door almost certain, if
this was to be used by worshippers on entering the
church.
LLANDDOWROR CHURCH
Is about two miles westward of St. Clear's. What the
body of it may have been originally there is no means
of judging, as it has undergone the process of so-called
restoration within recent years ; ana in this case, as in
80 many others, the whole of the work appears to be
new. Good enough of its kind, doubtless, but quite
without interest or history to the antiquary. The
tower has fortunately so far escaped, and is one of
those characteristic of the district, slightly tapering,
rising from its wide splayed base up to the corbel-
table and battlemented parapet at the top, and with
its projecting stair-turret carried up to and slightly
above the main line of battlement. The windows are
of Perpendicular date under a label mold.
To the archaeologist the interest in this place centres
in two early mural monuments called " Pilgrim Stones'^
standing in a small field west of the church, doubtless at
one time part of the churchyard itself, from which it is
now divided by a rude fence. The accompanying
illustration is intended to show the character of them.
The larger of the two is 2 ft. 6 in. high above the
ground-level, and bears, in addition to the cross in-
cised upon the face of it, a much smaller one, equal
28 UNRESTOBED CHUKCHEH.
armed, incised upon the back. On one of the sunk
panels of the smaller of these crosses there were certain
tool marks, as I thought, suspiciously like lettering.
Having obtained permission of the vicar, upon whose
glebe the monuments stand, and with the kind assist-
ance of his churchwarden, T had the soil removed from
the fece of each of these stones for about two feet in
depth, but found no trace of anything which could be
considered as an inscription, oor furtner sculpture of
anj kind, and came to the conclusion the stones
occupy the position in which they were originally
E laced, but that in the lapse of centuries the earth
as grown up around them so as to cover part of the
lower arm of the cross in each case. I had the soil
carefully replaced, and the sods so fitted as to remove
all trace of the ground having been disturbed. The
monuments face eastward, and are known to local
tradition as " Pilgrim Stones", nor do I see any reason
^!
^"-'■V^-^tC-"-'
in their position or appearance foi" discrediting the
accuracy of this tradition. Many monuments of a
similar character are to be seen upon the roads which
converge upon the great shrine of St. David. The
rudeness of the sculpture, the type of cross, and the
TITHES AND PROPERTY OF ST. ASAPH. 29
character of the stone upon which it is cut, might
almost warrant the assumption of a very early date
for these monuments. In the absence of more precise
information, I will leave that matter to be determined
by my learned friend Professor West wood. What-
ever may be the opinion upon this point, we must
agree that the monuments are of such interest as to
make their careful preservation from injury a duty
incumbent upon all. G. E. R.
DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE TITHES
AND OTHER PROPERTY
BBLONOINQ TO THB
DEAN AND CHAPTER OF ST. ASAPH.
Aftkr the restoration of King Charles II an order
was passed by the Parliament, dated May 13, 1662,
directed to Mr. Michael Mallett and Mr. William Ay-
loffe, to deliver all such surveys* and other records and
writings concerning archbishoprics, bishoprics, and deans
and chapters, which were then in their possession, unto
the Right Reverend Father in God the Lord Archbishop
of Canterbury, who was desired to take care for the
preservation thereof, and to dispose of the same to the
respective bishops and deans and chapters who were
therein concerned, if he should think fit.
Pursuant to this order of the House of Commons
these records were delivered to Archbishop Juxon.
They were by him deposited in the MSS. Library at
Lambeth, and have since been carefully preserved, with
other books relating to Church matters, namely, fifty-
eight volumes (Nos. 966-1021, MSS.) relating to aug-
mentations of livings, pensions, and other matters, from
Feby. 7, 1647, to December 25, 1658 ; four volumes of
^ For the origin and object of these Rurveyp, see Scobell's Acts of
Farliamehty 1st, p. 99 ; 11th, pp. 16, 39, 44, 45, and 68.
30 TITHES AND PROPERTY
counterparts of leases, from 1652 to 1658 ; three
volumes of original presentations in the time of the
Commonwealth and of Oliver and Richard Cromwell ;
to which there is a copious index drawn up by Andrew
Colbee Ducarel, LL.D., in 1760, the then Librarian,
and from whose introductory remarks the above note
is summarised.
The annexed documents are copied from one of the
volumes in which the reports of the surveyors are pre-
served.
E. R. M.
Lamheth MSS., No$, 902 to 922. — Parliameniary Surveys,
vol. i, p. 1.
"Asaph Deanery, Llansillen. — Wee find that the late BIpp
Deane and Chapter of the Cathedral Church of Asaph aforesaid
by Indenture bearing date the sixt day of March in the xiij***
yeare of the Late King Charles for diuers good causes and con-
sidercons them moveing demised unto Ellis Young of London^
gent. All that Church Rectory Parsonage and Divident of Llan-
sillen^ aforesaid w**^ the appurtefices etc. in the Countyes of
Denbigh and Salop. To hold from the date of the said Inden-
ture for one and Twenty yeares paying therefore yearley the
sum of twenty pounds on the fifth of August at one en tier pay-
ment upon the flfont stone of the Cathedral Church of St. Asaph
(viz*) unto theBiPPof St. Asaph and his successors fower pounds
besides twenty shillinges to the said BiPP as one of the Cannons
of the said Church and twenty shillinges yearly unto every
other of the Cannons of the said Church being fifteene in num-
ber w*** premisses as wee are informed ouer and aboue the said
rent is worth di. with provision in the said Lease to reenter for
non payment of the rent within one day after the rent day
nominated.
" There is a Bame containing tliree bay of building standing
neere Llansellen churcli and in good repaire belong to the de-
mised premises.
" There is a Viccar belonging to the said Parish psented there-
unto by the BiPP of St. Asaph. The vicaradge being endowed
^ Probably of the family of Bryn lorkyn.
^ The appropriation of the church of Llansilin, in Denbighshire,
was granted by Bishop Anian to the Bishop, Dean, and Chapter of
St. Asaph, and confirmed by Bishop Llewelyn ap Ynyr on the 13th
of April 1296.
OF ST. ASAPH. 31
w^ a house and a little croft apptaining tliereunto. And all the
Tyth of Come grayne and hay within the township of Lledrod
in the same Parish and a sixth part of all the wooU and Lamb
in the same parish worth p' Annu xxxli,
" The present Viccar is called Mr. Richard Gervase^ There
are nyne yeares to come unexpired in the aforesaid Lease upon
the sixth of March next."
" Bectory of Eudland.«— Wee find that John late BiPP of St.
Asaph* together with the Deane and Chapter of the Cathedral
Church there by Indenture bearing date the sixth day of No-
uember in the eighth yeare of the late King Charles for and in
consideration of a surrender of a Lease wherein one life was re-
maining as also for and in consideration of a certaine sum of
money in hand paid (the value whereof is not in the Lease ex-
pressed) demised unto S' John Conway of Botrothan in the
county of Fflint Kn* all that Rectory and Parish Church of Rud-
land with the appurtenances in the County of Fflint together
w*** all and singular Lands Tenements comodities emoluments
et fruits by this and what else soeuer w*** their appurtenances
to the said church of Rudland in any wise appertaining To
hold to him and his Assignes from the date of the said Inden-
ture for one and twenty yeares paying therefore yearly the som
of Twenty pounds at the ffeast of St. Phillipp and Jacob* upon
the ffont stone of the Cathedral Church of Asaph at or neere
the place where the stone stood^ betweene the houres of ten of
the clock in the aforenoon and three of the clock in the after-
noone of the same day or within forty days next after the ffeast
^ Richard Jarvis, appointed vicar in 1627, was deprived by the
Parliamentary seqnestrators, and on the Restoration promoted to
the vicarage of Llanrhaiadr yn Mochnant.
* The advowson of Rhuddlan, which appears to have belonged to
the Princes of Wales, was gwinted by King Edward, in 1284, to
Bishop Anian, of St. Asaph, in exchange for that of Eglwysfach,
when he resolved to transfer to Maenan, in that parish, the Abbey
of Aberconway, the site of which he required for his new Castle uf
Conway.
* John Owen, D.D., Bishop of St. Asaph, 1629, was twice im-
peached, was imprisoned in the Tower, deprived, and died at Aber-
kinsey in this parish, 1651.
* This was the vigil or wake-day of St. Asaph.
* The expression here employed is an undesigned confirmation of
the statement in Browne Willis, that Milles, the Cromwellian post-
master, " removed the font into his yard, set it in the ground, and
made use of it for a hog-troagli" (i, p. 114).
32 TITHES AND PROPEKTY
aforesaid (viz*) to the BiPP of Asaph and his successors Bipp"
there for the time being five pounds pcell of the said twenty
pounds And to the Deane and Chapters there for the time
being fifteen pounds beinge the residue of the said yearly rent
of twenty pounds that is to say every of the Cannons twenty
shillings w®*^ pmisses as we are informed upon Improuement are
worth aboue the psent rent p' annii cxli. with clause of re-entry
for non-payment of the rent upon . the dayes lymitted in the
said Indenture.
" There is a Viccar belonging to the said Parrish Church of
Eudland the Viccaridge being endowed with a house and some
lands and the third part of all the Tythes of the said Parish of
Eudland (excepting a Township called Ehydorthwy) out of
^ych three parts of five of that Townshipp belongeth to the late
Archdeacon of Disserth^ the other two parts the Vicar hath
The fisent Vicar is called M"" Ellis Price.^
" There are four yeares yet to come unexpired in the Lease
abouesaid upon the sixth of November next.
^ Sam Eobinson
Loddowick Middleton
Ar : Powell
Eichard Sadler
" Survevo"
" Ex : Ea : Hall ; Eegist- Deput :
for Sale of Deanes' & Chapters Landes.
" Examinat^ p Will : Webb
" Supervisor Genall."
Disserth. — Wee find Dr. John Owen BIpp of Asaph the late
Archdeacon of Disserth* aforesaid, the w*^** he held in Com-
mendain with the BiPPrick of Asaph and that there is belonging
to the said Arch Deaconry the Eectory or Parsonage of Disserth
aforesaid and the house Glebe land and Tythes thereunto
belonging the w*'** wee haue viewed, trodden, surveyed and
inquired upon and find as foUoweth (viz^)
Tlie Tyth of corne grayne hay and all other Tythes and
profittes to the said Eectory of Disserth belonging and which
have been usually paid the Arch Deacons as Eectors there
^ The Archdeacon of St. Asaph lived at Disserth.
^ Vicar, 1633, and Prebendary of Llanfair in St. Asaph Cathe-
dral.
3 The archdeaconry was taken in commendam by Bishop Hughes,
nnder a faculty, in 1573, and so continued nntil 1844, when it was
restored, and divided into those of St. Asaph and Montgomery.
OF ST. ASAPH. 33
(and uuto whorne the cure of SouUs within the said parish
belongeth) are worth as wee are informed p annu Ixxxli. all
which Rectory of Disserth Parsonage house outhouses Grardens,
orchards, Glebe Lands See ffarme Eent Tythes and Proffittes
aforementioned are disposed of to one Mr. Bice Williams by
order from the Committee of Plundered Ministers the coppie of
which order foUoweth, viz* :
" At the Co&ittee for Plundered Ministers
" May 28, 1647
" Upon Information to this Comittee that John Owens the
late BiPP of Asaph is Eector of the Parish Church of Disserth
in the County of fHint who held the same in Commendam and
that the same hath been voyd euer siuce August last
" It is ordered that Eice WiUiams a godly and Orthodox
Devine do forthw*** Officiate the cure thereof as Rector and
preach deligently to the Parishioners there and that hee shall
haue for his paines therein the Parsonage and glebe lands and
all the Tythes, rents, duties, and proffitts whatsoueuer of the
said Rectory till further order slialbe taken in the pmisses
*' And all person or persons are required quietly to pmitt the
said Mr. Williams to officiate the said cure and to Enter,
possess, and enioy the said house and Glebe Lands, and to
haue receive and take to his owne use all the Tythes, rents
dutyes and pffitts whatsoeuer of the said Rectory as they will
answer the contrary at their pill " Har : Grimston."
" Ryhlofnoyd.^ — The Rectory of Rhylofmoyd in the County of
fflint with the tithes of Corne, Graine and all other Tythes and
proffitts belonging to the said Rectory heretofore usually paid
to the late Arch-Deacon of Disserth as Rector there are worth
as wee are informed p annu Ixli.
"All w*^^ Rectory Glebe Lands Tythes and profitts are dis-
posed of unto one Mr. Robert Edwards by order from the
Coiaittee of plundered Ministers the copy of which order
followeth (viz*)
" At the Cofiiittee of Plundered Ministers
" ffeby. 27«- 1648
"Whereas the Rectory of Rhylossnoyd in the County of
fflint is become voyd and in the guift of the BiPP of St. Asaph
"It is ordered Ihat Robert Edwards a godly and Orthodox
Divine doe forthwith Officiate the Cure of the said Church as
Rector and preach diligently to the Parishioners there and that
} One of the many forms of spelling the older name of Newmar-
ket in Flintshire.
6th 6ER., VOL. lY 8
34 TITHES AND PROPERTY
hee shall have for his paines therein the Parsonage house and
Glebe Lands and all the Tythes rents dutyes and proffitts
whatsoeuer of the said Eectory till further order shalbe taken
in the pmisses
" And all pson and psons are required quietly to permitt the
said Mr. Edwards to officiate the said cure & to enter, possess
and enioy the said house and Glebe Lands & to have receive
and take to his owne use all the tythes Eents, dutyes, and
proflStts whatsoeuer of the said Rectory as they will answer to the
contrary at their perill " Gilb* Millington
*' (The cure of Souls belongeth to the said Rectory')"
" Rectory of Abergelley. — The Rectory of Abergelley in the
County of Denbigh with the Tythes of corne graine and all
other Tythes and profifitts belonging to the said Rectory hereto-
fore usually paid are worth as wee are informed p annii ccli.
" All which Rectory of Abergelley together with all its rights
members and appurtenances wee find granted by the Parlia-
ment's Ures Patents under the Great Scale bearing date the
fourth day of December in the fower and twentieth yeare of
the late King Charles unto Thomas Gierke for his naturall life
which Letters Patent are signed Hastings
" There is a vicarage endowed with the fourth part of all the
Tythes and proffitts whatsoeuer within the said Parish of
Abergelley
" The Viccar's name is Mr Pugh"^
" Rectory of Bettus.^ — The Rectory of Bettus in the County of
Denbigh having a third p* of all the Tythes of the said parish
thereunto belonging and alsoe the moyety of the tyth of a
Townshipp called Llaechfoim^ in the parish of Llanelian and
county of Denbigh aforesaid the Tythes and proffitts of all
which are worth as wee are informed p annu xxxvli.
" The which Rectory and porcons of Tyth wee find disposed of
for the present by order of the Comittee for Sequestracons for
the county of Denbigh the coppie of which order foUoweth (vizt)
" At the Comittee for Sequestracons
" Sitting at Denbigh 23« December 1648
" Order. — It this day ordered that Mr. John Holland Clerke
shall for the year next cominge receue gather and take to his
owne proper use and behoofe the tythes and proffitts of the
Sine Cur& of Bettus in the County of Denbigh for an augmenta-
tion to his meanes for officiating at St. George's and in lieu of
^ Henry Pugh was Vicar, 1662-72.
' Bettws yn Rhos. 3 Llaethfan.
OF ST. ASAPH. 35
what hee should haue receved out of the Rectory of Abergelley
until further orders — who enioyeth it accordingly
'* John Carter^ • Thomas Mytton*
" George Twistleton* Tho : Mason*
Tho : Ball
*' Here is a Vicarage endowed with two parts of three of all
the Tythes of the said Parish of Bettus
" The Vicar's name is Mr. Jones"*
" Eectory of Llangustennan, — Wee find alsoe the Rectory of
Llangustennan in the County of Carnarvon to be annexed to
the said Arch-Deaconery having the Cure of Soules where wee
find a curate one Mr. Maurice Parry who usually had for
ofiBciating there sixteene pounds p annu unto whom wee have
set the moyety of the said Rectory until the second of June to
pay his stipend
" Within which Rectory lyeth part of a Desmaynes called
Bodskallen which tyme out of mind paid only four pounds p
annii for the tyth thereof the moyety whereof wee haue sett to
the said Parry at the rent of forty shillinges to be paid the first
of January next
" The other moiety of the tyth of the said Rectory of Llan-
gustennan wee haue sett to one Mrs. Margarett Pugh of Bryn-
gossall in the County of Carnarvon until the second day of
January next at the rent of sixteene pounds as may appeare by
the Counterparte of our Memorandum of Demise and Bond
herewith, given from Mrs. Pugh, and Mr. Maurice Parry his Bill
under his hand and Seale for the forty shillinges aforesaid both
which wee have herewith returned — But the said Rectory and
Tyth as wee are informed are worth upon Improve* ouer and
aboue the psent Rent per annu xiili.
" Trallwyn. — Two parts of three of the tyth of the townshipp
^ A Colonel in the Parliamentary army, married Catherine,
daughter and coheir of David Holland of Kinmel.
■ Parliamentary Governor of Denbigh Castle.
' Major-General of the Parliamentary forces.
^ '* Lieutenant- Colon el Thomas Mason is a very faithfal, active,
and godly gentleman, and the most knowing man in his profession
we have in these parts, having been a soldier above twenty years,
and lost his command in Ireland because he refused to bear arms
against the Parliament." — Civil Wars in Wales and the Marches, by
J. R. Phillipps, ii, p. 302.
^ David Jones, Vicar-Choral of St. Asaph, and Rector of Llan-
santffraid Glan Conway, 1640. Deprived. Vicar of Betbws, 1666.
8«
36 TITHES AND PROPERTY
of Trallwyn in the parish of Llansanfrayd in die County of
Denbigh wee find disposed of to one Mr. Dauid Jones by order
from the Comittee of Plundred Ministers the copy of w*^^ order
foUoweth (viz*)
" At the Cofliittee of Plundered Ministers ffebruary
" 23« AHo Dni 1646
" Order. — Whereas the Eectory of the parish church of
Llansanfrayd aPs Dissert in the County of Denbigh is voyd by
the death of Jaspur Hughes the late Incumbent & the guift
thereof in the late Bi^P of St Asaph. It is ordered that" Dauid
Jones a godly and orthodox Divine doe forthwith OflBciate the
Cure of the said Church as Hector & preach diligently to the
parishioners there and that hee shall haue for his paines
therein the Parsonage house and Glebe Lands and all the
Tythes, rent, Dutyes & proflBtts whatsoeuer of the said Eectory
And alsoe by vertue of an Ordinance of both Houses of Parlia-
ment dated the second of May last It is further ordered by
the same Comittee for Plundered Ministers that all such tythes,
Dutyes, & proffitts issuing out of the Townshipp of Trallwyn
in the aforesaid Parish lately belonging to the BIpp of St. Asaph
amounting to the value of fowerteene pounds p Annu (as wee
are credibly informed) shall be annexed for an augmentation to
the aforesaid Eectory of Llansanfrayd and that the said Mr.
Jones shall take, possess, and enioy all the tythes, Dutyes, &
proffitts whatsoeuer of the said Townshipp for his owne proper
use till further order be taken in the pmisses.
"And all person and persons are required quietly to permitt
the said Mr. Jones to officiate the said Cure & to have
receive & take to his owne use all the tythes & proffitts
whatsoeuer of the said Eectory and of the Townshipp afore-
said as they will answere the contrary at their pill
"Har: Griraston
" But finding the present two parts out of three of the said
Townshipp of Trallwyn to be better worth then a-s in the afore-
said informacon in the said order (viz*) fowerteene pounds p
Annii was certifyed to the said Coinittee
" We have sett the same to one Mr. Eobert Griffith of Pen-
gweme^ in the Parish of Asapb & County of Fflint until the
second of January next for the sum of Twenty poundes of
w^^ he is to paye fowerteene poundes to the said Mr. Jones
being the some intimated in the Order aforesaid w®^ we con-
* Son of Evan Griffith, of Pengwern, and his wife Ellen, sister of
Archbishop Williams. He built Pengwern Hall in 1636.
OF ST. ASAPH. 37
ceiue to be the meaning of the Cosaittee, that he should enioy,
and twenty shillinges wee allowed the said Mr. GriflSth towards
Myses and taxes and the other five pounds hee is to pay to the
Treasurer noiated in the Act of ParUament, upon the first day
of January next, according to a Memorandum of Demise made
by us w®** Coppie or Counterparte thereof wee have herewith
returned.
" By Sam : Bobinson ^
Lodowick Middleton f « .,
A' Powell ( Surveyo"
Bichard Sadler }
" Betumed into the Begisters Ofl&ce
for Sale of Deanes and Chapters Lands
7° September 1646
•* Ex : Ba :. Hall Begist' Deput :
for Sale of Deanes and Chapters Lands"
" Prebend of Vaynol. — Wee find Dr. Hugh Williams late
Prebend of Vaynol unto w** Prebend are belonging all those
five porcons called Vaynol, Kinmael, Dinorben, Pengwerne,
and Bodlewithan with all and all manner of Glebe lands, Tene-
ments, tythes^ eta advantages and hereditaments whatsoeuer
within the Parish of Asaph & Countys of filint and Denbigh
wche said five porcons, pcells of the said Prebend or to any of
them belonging.
" Wm. Doulben, Esq. & Henry Lloyd, gent. — Memorandum. —
Wee have scene a Coppy of an Indenture of Demise of the
pmisses the w®^ wee were satisfyed was a true Coppy the date
of w**^ Indenture was the third of October in the ninth year of
the late King Charles made by the aforesaid Dr. Williams by
the name of Hugh Williams^ Clerke, Prebendary of the Prebend
of Vaynol aforesaid unto William Doulben* of Denbigh in the
County of Denbigh Esq** and Henry Lloyd* of Clifford Inn
London, gent : and their assignes to hold for and during the
Rrall lines of Dauid Doulben eldest son of John Doulben one
of the sonnes of the said William Doulben Bobert Doulben
eldest sonn of John Doulben of Kaygwenion in the County of
Denbigh, gent and of one John Conwey one of the grand
children of Peirce Lloyd of Bhydorthy in the County of flfiint
and the life of longest liuer paying to the said Prebend & his
' Bector of Llantrisant and Llanrhyddlad, dice. Bangor. Father
of Sir William Williams, the Speaker, and ifonnder of the families
of Bodelwyddan and Wynnstay.
» William Dolben of Segroit. Died 1643.
» Harry Lloyd of Bhyd, died 26 Jane 1638, at Bhjdorddwy.
38 TITHES AND PROPERTY
successors the yearly rent of forty markes at the ffeast of the
Annunciation and S' Michael by even porcons. But are worth,
as wee are informed upon Improuement ouer and aboue the
psent p Annu xUi. The Rent is thus apporconed — to the
Land viij«. ivd. ; to the Tythes xxvjVt. With Covenant from
the Lessor to discharge all charges ordinary and extraordinary
due out of the Demised pmisses
"With clause alsoe of forfeiture (noie pene) to tenn shillings
for euery twenty days that the Rent aforesaid shall bee behind
unpaid, and with clause of Distresse and power to sell the said
distresse as alsoe to enter upon the Tythes aforesaid and sell
the same to satisfy the arreares of Rent and forfeiture returning
the ouerplus to the Lessees.
" The Lieues are all in being."
"Demerchion. — All that the parish church and Parish of
Demerchion and all houses Barnes, Stables and other edifices
thereunto belonging together with all Glebe Lands and other
Lands Tenements, rents, seruices tythes etc. casualtyes and
aduantages to the said Parish Church and Parsonage belonging
or apptaining lying and being within the County of fflint
" Memorandum — that the last menconed pmisses were by
Dauid Yale^ Dr of Law by Indenture bearing date the two and
twentith day of Aprill in one and twentith year of King James
for and in consideration of Thirty and fine pounds to the said
Dauid Yale in hand payd. Leased unto John Salusbury of
Bachegrainge in the County of fflint. Esq'® To hold to him
and his Assignes for and dureing the naturall lives of John
Salusbury sonn and heire apparant of the said John Salusbury,
Esq" pty to the said Lease and of Roger Rogers of Demerchion
in the said County of fflint, gent, and Roger Williams* the
youngest of Coombe in the said County of fflint gent, and the
life of the longest Liver of them. Paying therefore yearly to
the said David Yale and his successo" Prebends of Vaynol
aforesaid the sum of Sixe pounds of Currant English money at
the flfeast of St. Michael! and the Annunciacon by equall
porcons. But are worth as wee are informed ou*" and above
the psent rent p annii, xliiijZi.
" The Lives are all in being and young.
" The rent is thus apporconed — To the Lands, iiijs. ; To the
^ Dr. Yale was Prebendary of Vaynol, 1578, and Prebendary of
Chester, 1582; Chancellor of Chester, 1587-1608.
■ Roger Williams, the youngest, lived at Rhiallt ; his father, of the
same name, at Plas yn Cwm. The former predeceased his father in
1631.
OF ST. ASAPH. 39
Tythes, yH, xvis. With covennt by the Lessor to free the
Lessee and his Assignes from all manner of Dutyes ordinary
and extraordinary due to the King Bi^P or Ordinary of the
Diocess.
" And with Clause of Distress for non-payment of the Eent
upon the dayes menconed if Lawfully demanded.
" There is a Viccar in the said Parish of Demerchion whose
viccaradge is endowed with the moyety of all the Tythes and
Spiritual! proflBtts within the said Parish.
" The Viccar's name is Mr. Richard Jones.*'
" Llangernew. — Wee find alsoe belonging to the said Prebend
of Vaynol the Eectory of Llangernew in the County of Den-
bigh of w**^ wee were informed there was no Lease or Leases.
Wee therefore sent for the partyes rumord to ptend such title
who alleadged they had a Lease or Deed of Uses made to them
of the same but not being able to produce the same they were
contented for the psent to take the Tythes and proflBtts of the
said Eectory of us the wi®^ wee sett unto the said Henry Lloyd^
John Doulben* and Peter Midleton* by Memorandum of Demise
with an endorsement thereupon that if they could before the
rent day produce the said Lease they were to enioy it according
to that Lease at the rent therein expressed. If not, then to
pay accorB to our Demise upon the first of January next
Twenty six pounds as may appeare by a Counterparte of the
said Demise herewthyall returned. But are worth upon Im-
prouement as wee are informed ou^ and aboue the psent Bent
p Annu, xili,
" There is a Viccar there whose Viccaridge is endowed with
the moyety of all the tythes and Spirituall proflBtts within the
said parish.
" The Viccar's name is Mr. Eichard Lloyd.
"Wee are informed since the ingrossing hereof that the
gentlemen aforenamed are disturbed in their enioymenth of
the tyth by one Mr. W™. Stoddard by a ptended right from Dr.
Hugh Williams late Prebendary of Vaynol therefore doe desire
their security may be cancelled.
^ Mr. Henry Lloyd of Ehanbir, whose altar-tomb, in the church-
yard of Llangernyw, bears this inscription : '* Here Ijeth the body
of Harry Lloyd of Rhanheire, Gentleman, y* sonne of Roger Lloyd,
Esq., husband to Mary Lloyd, daughter of Thomas Lloyd of Kym-
ddel, in Llansannan, Esq", who died y* 14** of April An* D. 1665,
aged 72, six months and two days.'*
' Most likely John Dolben of Segroit, near Denbigh.
" Peter Middle ton of Talare in St. Asaph.
40 TITHES AND PROPERTY
" By Samuel liobinson
Lodowick^Middleton ^gurveyo,^
Richard Sadler
" Beturned into the Registers Office
lor Sale of Deanes and Chapters Lauds
7° September 1646.
" Ex : Ra : Hall Regist"^- Deput :
for Sale of Deanes and Chapters Lands.
Examinat'- p Will : Webb
Superviso'- Geiiall."
"Uchmynydd.^ — All that porcon of Tythes of Uchmynydd
issuing ariseing increasing growing & renewing in from & out
of the Townshipp or Manno''- of Tyr Abbott^ in the County of
Denbigh and all and singular Glebe Lands Tythes flruits &
Oblacons Obventions offerings pencons & comodities & emolu-
ments whatsoeuer with the appurtenances unto the saide porcon
of Uchymynydd belonging being part parcell and Member of
the Prebend or Rectory of Llanyfydd aforesaid.
" Mem : — that the last menconed pmisses were by Dr. John
Davys* a late Prebend of Llanyfydd by Indenture bearing date
the six and twentith day of May in the sixteenth year to the
late King Charles upon good causes and Consideracons him
moveing demised unto Peter Morris of Price (sic) in the
County of Denbigh, gent : to hold from the Date of the said
Indenture for one and twenty years paying therefore yearly to
the said Prebend and his Successo" as well the surii of five
pounds of LawfuU money of England upon the ffeasts of
Phillip and Jacob and all saints by equall porcons. As alsoe
fine pounds more yearly to the Curat/e of the Parish Church of
Sputty for the tyme being during the said Tearme or other-
wise agreeing with and satisfying the same Curate of Sputty
for officiating there which pmisses are worth upon Improve-
ment ouer and above the psent rent p annii, xxli.
" With clause of Distress for nonpayment of the rent at the
tyme lymitted with Covenant from the Lessor te discharge all
tenthes Subsidyes annuals Lactualles, procurations and all
* Uwchmynydd, an outlying township of Llannefydd, provided
for, before the Reformation, by the House of St. John of Jerusalem
at Yspytty leoan, and subsequently by the Chapelry of Y Fidog or
Pentrevoelas, to which it is now attached.
■ The Abbot of Abercouway, to whom it formerly belonged.
' Dr. John Davies of Mallwyd, the Welsh grammarian and lexi-
cographer.
t
OF ST. ASAPH. 41
charges ordinary and extraordinary whatsoeuer due or payable
tx> the King's Majestie and his successors or to the Ordinary of
the placa
" There were twelve yeares to come unexpired of the aforesaid
Lease upon the six and twentith of May last past
" By Peers Sobinson \
Ar Powell f «
Lodowick Middleton f Surveyors.
Eichard Sadler )
" Returned into the Registers Office
for Sale of Deanes and Chapters Lands
7° September 1646.
"Ex : Ra : Hall Regist. Deput :
for Sale of Deanes & Chapters Lands.''
"Llanvayr Tal haierne. — Wee find that John Saladyne*
Master of Arts late Prebendary Comporconer Late of the
Prebend of Llanvayr Tal haierne, aFs Dol haierne in the
CathedraU Church of Asaph aforesaide by his Indenture bear-
ing date the twelvth of flTebruary in the thirteenth yeere of the
late King Charles for and in consideracon of nynescore and
five p!ounds to the said John Saladyne in hand paid, demised
unto William Wynn* of Melai in the County of Denbigh, Esq'*-
all the said Prebend of Llanvayr Tal haierne cU's Dol haierne
with all tlie Glebe Lands Tenements tythes and all other emolu-
ments commodities and proffitts whatsoeuer with the appurten-
ances to the same Prebend belonging to hold to him and his
Assignes for and during the actual lines of him the said William
Wynn & John Wynn and William Wynn sonnes of the said
William Wynn and the life of the longest liver of them. Paying
therefore yearly to the said Prebend and his Successo" twenty
five pounds at the ffeast of S** Michaell yearely at or within the
CathedraU Church of S*- Asaph in one Entire payment. And
alsoe payK all manner of charges ordinary and extraordinary
due or growing out of the said Prebend either to the King's
Majestie or otherwise — which pmisses are worth as wee are
informed upon Improuement ouer and aboue the psent Rent p
Annii, xxxli.
" The Rent is thus apporcioned — Lands p"" Annum, v«.; Tythes,
xxiiij7t. xv«.
» John Saladyne, Preb. of Llanfair, 1630. Died e. 1653.
• William Wynne, of Melai, was High Sheriff of the county of
Denbigh in 1637. Ho man*ied Margraret, daughter and heiress of
Hugh Lloyd of Denbigh ; and bis eldest son, John, married Doro«
thy, daughter of Sir William Williams, Bart., of Llanforda.
42 TITHES AND PROPERTY
" There is in the Lease aforesaid a clause of Distresse and re-
entry for non payment of the said Eent within forty days after
the fifeast on which it ought to be paid.
" There is onely one life in being which is William Wynne,
the same being under age."
" John Price Gent. — ^Wee find alsoe that Mr. Ellis Price^ is the
other late Prebendary Comporconer of Llanvayr Tal haierne
aforesaid and that one ffbulkes Price^ D' of Divinity a former
Prebendary Comporconer by his Indenture bearing date the fif-
teenth day of August in the two and twentith yeare of King
James for diuers good causes & consideracons him moueing de-
mised unto John Wynn^ of Melai in the County of Denbigh
Esq"* and John Price* Bachelor of Divinity & fifellow of S* John's
CoUedge in Cambridge the said Prebend of Llanvair Tal haierne
oJ^s Dol haierne with all Glebe Lands tenths tythes etc. and all
emoluments comodityes and proffitts whatsouer w'** the appur-
tenances to the same belonging To have and to hold for and
during the naturall lives of Jane Wynn late wife of Owen Price
Deceased John Price and Mary Price son and heire and daugh-
ter of the said Owen Price and the life of the longest liver of
them Paying therefore yearely to the said ffoulke Price and
his Successo" the sum of Twenty five pounds yearly at the
ffeasts of the Annunciacon & Michaelmas by equall porcons at
the South doore of the Parish Church of Uangollen in the said
County of Denbigh or within fifteen dayes next after either of
the said ffeasts And alsoe paying all manner of charges ordi-
nary and extraordinary whatsoeuer during the tearme of the
seuerall lines aforesaid which pmisses or porcon are worth as
wee are informed upon Improuement over and above the psent
Rent p Annti xxxZi.
" The rent is thus apporconed — Land per Annii V5. ; Tythes
per Annii xxiiijK. xv5.
" With excepcons out of the said Leetse of the Dividend out
1 Ellis Price, A.M., was Vicar of Rhuddlan, 1633, till his death.
a Ffoulk Price, D.D., was Rector of Cerrig y Drudion, 1697-1614;
Vicar of Gresford, 1609-13; Rector of Llandrinio, 1613-32. He
preached the consecration sermon at New Chapel (or Penrhos) in
1627.
* John Wynne of Maenan Abbey, son of William Wynne of Melai,
married Dorothy, daughter of Hugh Wytin Griffith, and so to
Gwydir.
* John Price, B.D., was evidently of the Glyn Egwystl, in Llan-
gollen, and son of Owen Price ; but what relation, if any, to Dr.
Ffoulk Price does not appear.
OF ST. ASAPH. 43
of Llansillen and Rudland And with provisoes of re-entry for
nonpayment of the Rent within twenty eight dayes after either
of the said ffeasts.
" There are remaining of the said Lives John Price and Mary
Price both young.
" By Peers Robinson .
Richard Sadler ^
" Returned into the Registers Office for Sale
of Deanes and Chapters Lands
"7*^ September 1649
" Ex : Ra : Hall Regist" Deput : for Sale of Deanes
and Chapters Landes
" Examt^ p Will: Webb Supervis' Genall."
" Meliden Prebend. — Wee find D^ Nicholas Wright^ the latQ.
Prebend of Meliden aforesaid and that one Dauid Gwin* clereke'
a former Prebend of Meliden aforesaid by his Indenture bearing
date the second of November in the seventeenth year of the late
King Charles for diners good causes & consideracons him mov-
ing demised unto John flFowlkes^ of Vaynol in the county of
fflint gent, all that the said Prebend Rectory Church or Parson-
age of Meliden with thapurtenances together with all messu-
ages houses buildings gardens orchards glebe lands tenements
hereditaments etc. within the Parish of Meliden in the said
County of fflint To have to him and his Assignes for and dur-
ing the lives of Luce Holland* of Kinmell in the county of Den-
bigh widow Thomas Mostyn*" of Ehyd in the county of fflint
1 Dr. N. Wright, Preb. of Meliden, 1645-49, was Vicar of They-
don Ghimon, in Essex, where he died and was buried.
» David Gwynn, A.M., collated to the Prebend, June 26, 1608,
on the resignation of Roger Thomas.
' John Ffonlkes, of Yaynol, was the son of another John Ffoulkes
of the same place. He was a Captain in King Charles' army, and
fell at the siege of Chester in 1645. His wife was Anne, eldest
daughter of Evan Lloyd of Wigfair.
* Lucy Holland of Kinmel was daughter of — Knowsle of Den-
bigh, and she married, first, Dr. Wm Hughes, Bishop of St. Asaph ;
secondly, David Holland of Kinmel ; and thirdly, William Wynne
ofMelai. She died in 1635.
* Thomas Mostyn of Rhyd, son of Sir Roger Mostyn, Knt., mar-
ried as his first wife Anne, daughter and heiress of Dr. William
Hughes, Bishop of St. Asaph ; and as his second, Gwen Parry,
widow of Bishop Richard Parry of St Asaph.
44 TITHES AND PROPERTY
Esq. & William Mostyn^ gent, son and heire apparant of the said
Thomas Mostyn and the life of the longest liver of them Pay^f
therefore to the said Dauid Gwin and his Successors forty
pounds currant English money at the fTeasts of All Saints and
Peter and Paul or within fourty days next after either of the
said ffeasts by even porcons within the Porch at the South door
of Meliden Church for all other Bents and charges of which
pmisses, as wee are informed are worth upon Improuement over
and aboue the psent Bent p Annu xiiili.
" The Bent is thus apporconed To the Lands xxvs. ; to the
Tythes xxxviijK. xvs.
" There is in the said Lease a clause of Distrisie for nonpay-
ment of the Bent at the tyme lymitted and a Covenant from
the Lessor to discharge the Cure and pay all other charges ordi-
nary & extraordinary whatsoever due out of the said Bectory.
" The Cure of soules belongeth to the Bectory & there is one
M' Morgan ap Morgan Curate placed by the Comittee for the
County of fHint to whom the said M^ Mostyn paid out of the
Bectory aforesaid for oflBciating xxli.
" There is one life in being (viz*) the said William Mostyn
Esq^ aged about xlvj yeares.
" By Peers Bobinson '\
Lodowick Middletonf «
A' Powell f Surveyors
Bichard Sadler )
" Beturned into the Begisters Office for Sale
of Deanes and Chapters Lands
" 7« September 1649
" Ex: Ba: Hall Begist*" Deput. for Sale of Deanes
and Chapters Lands."
" Prebend of Myvod. — Wee find M^ Bichard Evans* of Halkin
the late Prebend of Myvod aforesaid and that there doth belong
to the said Prebend these particulars following (viz*)
" The Tythes of the Township of Myvod in the Parish of S*
George and County of Denbigh being out of Lease and worth
as wee are informed p annu viiiK. X5.
^ William Mostyn, Gent., son and heir of Thomas Mostyn, mar-
ried Anne Parry, daughter of the Bishop ; and the same day his
sister, Mary Mostyn, married Bichard Parry, eldest son of the
Bishop. These three marriages on one day are noticed in the Cwtta
Cyfarwydd, p. 104.
■ Bichard Evans, A.M., Yicar of Llanrwst, 1618 ; Vicar of Tre-
meirchioD, 1619; Vicar of Welsh Pool, 1622; Bector of HalkiD,
1626; Vicar of Llanasa, 1633. Deprived by the Puritan approvers.
OF ST. ASAPH. 45
" The which pmisses are out of lease and disposed of by the
Comittee for plundered Ministers the eleventh of June 1647
" By Peers Robinson .
Lodowick Middleton \ ^
A' Powell ^Surveyors
Eichard Sadler ^
** Returned into the Registers Ofl&ce for Sale of
Deanes and Chapters Landes
" 7« September 1 649
" Ex: Ra: Hall Regist'^ Depart: for Sale of Deanes
and Chapters Landes."
" Henllan. — The Rectory or Parish of Henllan and the Tythes
thereof lying and being in the County of Denbigh with a par-
cell of Land belonging thereto called Groft y Skibboer ddegwm
containing about three quarters of an acre of Land more or less
abutting East and South upon the Lands of ffowlke Lloyd of
ffoxall Esq. and on the West and North upon the Lands of Ed-
ward Griffith^ gent: w®*^ Parsonage tyth and Land are out of
Lease and are worth as wee are informed p Annu cxxli,
" The late Deane and Rector had Cure of Soules there.
" There is a Curate oflBciating in the said Cure of Henllan
who for his stipend hath p Annu xxli. The Curates name is
flfbwlke Lloyd."
" Kilowen Bodeigan and Rthlan. — The moiety of the Tyth of
these Townshipps chilled Kilowen Bodeigan and Rthlan (Rhyllon)
lying within the Parish of Asaph aforesaid and out of Lease
worth as wee are informed p Annu xli"
" Wickware & Meriadog.— The Tyth of the two Townshipps
called Wickware and Meriadog lying within the said Parish of
Asaph and out of Lease and are worth as wee are informed p
Annii iv/i."
" Asaph Porcons Rhan Banister and Poolflat. — The Tyth wool
and Lambs, Easter book, Oblacons, obvencons, offerings, and
pencons, yearely arising coming groweing and accrueing of in
and out of Two porcons and parts of the said Deanery called
Rhan Banister and Poolflat aforesaid out of Lease and are
worth as wee are informed p Annii xx5.
" All w** foremenconed pmisses we have notwithstanding sett,
by Memorandum of Demise until the second day of January
t*
* High Sheriff of Flintshire in 1635. Denn Bankes had married
Catherine Griffith of Caerwys, widow". Qu., his mother ?
46 TITHES AND PROPERTY
next unto Peter Midleton of Talare in the County of fflint,
gent; at the rent of sixty six pounds thirteene shiUinges and
fourpence to be paid the first day of January aforesaid hee
discharging the Curates wages and all Myses and taxes together
with the annual tenths and all other charges arising from and
out of all the said porcons the Counterpane (sic) of which
demise together with the Bond for payment of the Rent wee
have herewthall returned."
"Rhan Banister and Poolflatt — All those the two porcons
within the Parish of Hennllan and County of Denbigh afore-
said commonly called and known by the name of Rhan Banister
and Poolflatt together with all manner of Tythes of Come and
Graine hay pigs geese hemp iSax etc. proffitts and aduantages
whatsoeuer.
"Memorandum — That the last menconed pmisses were by
Thomas Bankes a late Deaneof the Cathedrall Church of St. Asaph
with the consent of John then Bishop of Saint Asaph and of
the Deane and Chapter there by Indenture bearing date the
tenth day of October in the Eighth yeare of the late King
Charles Leased unto Peter Griffith of Cayr wys in the County
of fflint, Esq. To hold from the day of the date for one and
twenty yeares paying yearely to the said Deane and his Suc-
cessor the sum of Thirteen pounds six shillings and eightpence
upon the first day of July or within ten days after for all other
rents charges dutyes and demands ordinary or extraordinary
Demandable and payable out of the pmisses. But are worth
upon Improuement as wee are informed over and above the
psent Rent p Annu xiijZi. vi^. viijrf.
** With exception out of the said Lease of the tyth wooU and
Lambes, Easter books, oblacons obvencons etc. reserued to the
said Deane and his Success®' w<* are before particularly men-
coned and valued.
" With Proviso alsoe of forfeiture of the said Lease if the Rent
be not paid at the Deanes house within the dayes lymitted in
the said Lease.
" There be fower yeares to come in the aforesaid Lease the
tenth day of October next."
" Garthwin Brodrychwyn, etc. — All the Tythes of corne grain
hay wooU and Lambs and all small Tythes whatsoeuer coming
growing arising renewing happening and accruing of and within
the Townshipps, fields grounds and Circuits of Garthwyn Brod-
rychwyn, Kynent, Kilie and Dolygan Erw lying and being
within the P'ish of Llanvayr tal haierne al's Dol haierne in the
County of Denbigh and all other proffitts emoluments etc. due
OF ST. ASAPH. 47
and payable to the said Deane of Asaph of or within the said
Townshipps or any of them.
" All which pmisses last menconed were by the said Late
Deane by Indenture bearing date the first day of March in the
thirteenth yeare of the late King Charles Afio DHi 1637
Demised unto Peter Middleton aforesaid To hold to him and
his Assignes for and during the tearme of one and twenty
yeares to begin from the Last day of fifebruary last past before
the date of the said Indenture paying yearely to the said
Deane and his Successo" the sufii of Eleven pounds at the
ffeasts of Phillip and Jacob and All Saints by even porcons
but are worth (as wee are informed) upon Improuement ouer
and aboue the psent rent p Annu xixli.
" With covennt of the Lessor to discharge all charges ordinary
and extraordinary due and issuing out of the said Demised
pmisses.
" Besyde the reserued rent, and improued values there is issu-
ing out of the last menconed demised pmisses a fourth part of
all the tythes and proffitts of the same allowed towards the
salary or stipend for the Curate oflBciating in the Parish Church
of Llanvayr aforesaid ammounting to the value (as wee are
informed) of p Annu the suni of tenn pounds.
" The Curates name (at psent) of Llanvayr aforesaid is Richard
Hughes.
" There be nyne yeares to come unexpired in the said Lease
the first day of March next.
" By Peers Robinson \
Lodowick Middleton f c!„„,,^„^^«
Ar. Powell ^Surveyors.
Richard Sadler ;
" Returned into the Registers Office
for Sale of Deanes and Chapters Lands
7« September 1649.
" Ex : Ra : Hall Regist^- Deput :
for Sale of Deanes and Chapters Lands.
Examt^ p Will. Webb Supeviso' GeHall"
48
OLD RUG.
The earliest mention of this place, known to us in
ancient writings, is found in the nearly contempora-
neous biography of Gruffydd ab Cynan, Prince of North
Wales, written in the Welsh language ; translated by
Nicholas Robinson, Bishop of Bangor, 1566-1584, into
Latin, and printed in the Myvyrian Archaiology of
Wales in Welsh, but never, we believe, in the Latin.
The identity of the place there referred to with RAg
would seem to have escaped the observation of histo-
rians simply because it is there written, in its true and
original orthography, not " RAg", but " CrAg", spelt in
the original in its old Welsh form, " CrAc".
Prince Gruffydd, returning a second time from exile
in Ireland, had, by allying his forces with those of
Rhys ab Tudor, Prince of South Wales, defeated their
common enemy, Trahaiarn ab Caradoc, lord of Arwystli,
the usurper of the crown of both kingdoms, in a
pitched battle at Mynydd Carno, in which the
usurper was slain, together with the greatest portion
of his army. Prince Gruffydd followed up his victory
by devastating Arwystli, the hereditary territory of
Trahaiarn, not sparing even the fields of the churches.
The biographer then proceeds to narrate as follows : —
"And having thus slain his enemies, and entirely de-
stroyed their land, he (Gruffydd) returned to his own
property, and the very homestead of his father, to pos-
sess it, and to pacify it ; and there was rest for a few
days in Gwynedd.
"And while he was thus in the enjoyment of his
kingdom, Meirion Goch, one of his barons, was stirred
up by the instigation of the Devil to accuse him to
Hugh Earl of Chester, and he betrayed him in this
wise. He caused the two Norman Earls (that is to
say, the above-named Hugh and Hugh Earl of Shrews-
.OLD RtG. 49
bury, son of Roger of Montgomery) to come together,
and with them a numerous body of horse and foot, as
far as Cruc in Edeymion, when the traitor betrayed
him in these words : ' My Lord/ said he, ' two Earls of
the district salute you, and pray you to come with your
strange men to confer with them at Cruc in Edeyrnion';
and Gruffydd, believing these words, went to the place
of their ambuscade in the foliage ; and when the Earls
saw him, they seized him and his retinue, and put him
into a most abominable prison in Chester Gaol, where
they kept him for twelve years in fetters. His foreign
(i.e., Irish) followers they let go, each with the loss of
his right thumb." In the sixteenth year after this he
was seen in chains in the Market-Place by a country-
man of Edeyrnion, by name Cynwric Hir, who with his
companions carried him off by night, while the bur-
gesses were at dinner, and kept him at his own house,
in concealment, until he recovered his strength.
It is clear from this passage that the original name
of the place was " Cruc" or " CrAg", meaning merely
tbe mound or tumulus, before the spot was occupied
by a house at all. The word " RAg", so spelt in MSS.
of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, has been
formed simply by dropping the initial c, through the
ordinary process of phonetic decay. The present mode
of spelling the word, namely **Rhdg", which has.scarcely
been in vogue for a quarter of a century, is founded
upon a false derivation by some too ambitious etymo-
logist, who saw, probably, the word given as a particle,
in Dr. Owen Pughes Dictionary, for the root of the
substantive rhugl (whence, perhaps, the English wrig-
gle), meaning friction, and the verb rhuglaw, to rub or
clear away; terms in no way expressive of the character
of the place. From such etymology, based only upon
sound {''vox et prceterea nihiV), we may be permitted
to warn the rising generation of philologists to shrink
as from the sting of a viper or the muffled bellow of
some still distant bull. ''Habet/cemcm in cornUy longe
fuge!' A similar instance of destruction of the pleas-
5th sik., woh, iv. 4 V
50 OLD B,tO.
ing significance of a place-name is found in that of
" Plas yn Veivod", near Llangollen, — now written
*'Vivod", as spelt, perhaps, in some old legal document
hy a Saxon scribe, in scorn of ** Cadwaladef and all his
goats". The word is the same as " Meivod", and means
*'the May abode".
We think that our readers will entertain a grateful
appreciation of the kindness of Mr. Wynn of RAg in
enabling us to present them with the accompanying
copper-plate engraving of the ancient mansion in which
so many ancestral generations of the Salisburys, and
their maternal forefathers also, descendants of Owain
Brogyntyn, and of the old Princes of Powys, lived and
died. Into their history now we have no occasion to
enter, a genealogical account of the family descended
from that of Bachymbyd, a younger branch of Lleweni,
having already appeared in the pages of this Journal.*
Nothing further, therefore, seems to be necessary than
to add to it a brief description of the engraving, and
the few facts relating to it, which have come to the
knowledge of the writer, whose eye casually fell upon
the copper-plate, while examining, by the same kind
permission, the collection of archaeological curiosities
at the modern mansion of RAg, erected, according to
local tradition, soon after the commencement of the
present century. It may be well to observe at the
outset that the present house stands at some little
distance from the spot occupied by its predecessor, the
site of which was adjacent to the very ancient mound
at the head of the lake, a part of which has apparently
been made to fall within the scope of the engraving,
on the left of the terrace facing the house, the raised
embankment of which is seen sloping downwards
towards the water on the right of the further gable.
It is this furthest gable which bears the greatest
appearance of antiquity. The other two may safely
be characterised as different additions to, or enlarge-
ments of, the original domicile, built out to meet the
1 Soo Arch. Camh., 1877, pp. 116, 194; 1878, p. 284.
OLD Rt>a. 51
wants created by the ever-widening requirements of
an increasing luxury, or developments of social inter-
course in the silent progress of centuries. The extreme
tallness of the nearest chimney, and the somewhat
smaller height of its near neighbour, regarded rela-
tively to that of those on the older building, bespeak
perhaps a growth of human sensitiveness to the
nuisance of smoke, as well as the ingenuity called
forth by the architectural necessity which must have
sprung from the circumstance that the new buildings
had to be erected within a confined space so immedi-
ately under the mound as to preclude otherwise the
proper circulation of air.
From the subject of air and chimneys let us pass
to the consideration of that of windows and light. It
will be observed that in the furthest, largest, and
probably oldest of the three buildings or divisions of
the mansion the gable has two muUioned windows,
seemingly of three lights each, and two, not so high,
in the side-wall, containing each the same number of
lights, and one over the other; the uppermost perhaps
half the size of the lower one, and so near the roof as
to leave no intermediate space. In the middle build-
ing a part of one window only is visible, consisting of
three larger and lower lights, and three very small
ones separated from the lower by a transom. The
window in the third and nearest building is also only
partially visible, but sufficiently so for observation of
its very different architectural character, being mani-
festly of the debased period. It is slightly projecting,
and comprises two compartments, each of six small
plain squares, the whole surmounted by a plain triple
overlapping moulding; and over and adjoining it a
square stone let into the wall for a coat of arms, or
possibly merely the date of foundation with initials of
the founder and his wife on either side, as seen in so
many edifices of the last two or three centuries. The
span of the roof of this gable looks wider than the
others, indicating also a later period of erection. At
4>
52 OLD eUg.
one end of the gable of the building first described is
a small cross, surmounting possibly tne upper chamber
used as a chapel. The house must have been entered
by a door on the opposite side, not exhibited, of
course, in the drawing, towards which a path leading
from a corner of the terrace is seen to wind round the
end of the house, and between it and the water.
Between the terrace and this part of the house is a
low wall and a very low building, opening, as it would
seem, into the middle building, and serving probably
for a scullery or pantry.
Besides the windows which are seen on the west
front of the mansion presented in the engraving, there
would have been others on the east, which must be
held to be the principal front, as it contained the front
door, approached probably by a broad road or drive
for vehicles ; or, as in other similar instances, a court-
yard, surrounded by stabling, with a garden on each
side of the door, railed off from the yard by an
enclosure of close upright palings. A view of this
side of the house would have been extremely interest-
ing, had one been preserved to us. A path M-hich
must have led to it winds round the south gable, and
just above the water, which at this point recedes so as
to form a small creek, that may have contained a
diminutive boat-house at the further end. Behind
this are seen two or three rather high bushes, looking
as though they had been clipped, of cypress or yew.
Beyond these again are three forest-trees, with a back-
ground of two low sloping hiHs, the nearest filled with
small fields divided by hedgerows. At the foot of
this again are two enclosures, separated by a low bank
or wall, and flanking the lake under an embankment
below them. On these little fields the light is re-
flected so strongly in the engraving that, at first sight,
they might be taken for two small ponds or fish-stews,
cut off from the main body of the water by the bank.
On the whole, the engraving does not present a
suflScient appearance of finish to lead to the inference
MAKRIAGE-CONTRACT OP EDWARD II. 53
that 'it is the work of a professional artist, but rather
that of an amateur. But it is certainly a curiosity,
and it were to be wished that more such were in
existence, to preserve the architectural and other dis-
tinctive features of the dwellings of ancient and his-
toric families in Wales. Nut a few of these still
remain, wholly or in part, as farmhouses, into which
they have been converted on their abandonment by
their owners for larger and more commodious residences
representing a diflFerent, and doubtless more cultured,
taste than is found embodied in the ruder and more
simple domiciles of our remote, and even in many exam*
pies our more immediate, forefathers.
H. W. L.
THE MARRIAGE-CONTRACT OF KING
EDWARD II.
One of the results of the meeting of our Society at
Swansea was to bring under their notice the marriage-
conti'act of Edward II, when Prince of Wales, with
Isabel, the daughter of Philip IV, King of France, and
sister of Louis Count of Evreux (afterwards Louis X),
which is preserved in a frame, under glass, in the
Museum of the Royal Institution of South Wales.
Under ordinary circumstances a notice of this docu-
ment would be foreign to the purposes of our Society.
The fact, however, of its discovery at Swansea, and the
unfortunate King's short stay there, give it a local
interest, and render the possession of the original by
the Institution deserving of more than a passing men-
tion. There can be but little doubt that the King, in
his flight from London, carried it with him ; and
that in his anxiety to escape he left it behind in
the Castle, with whatever else he could not readily
carry away with him. After his capture, near Llan-
trisant, on the 16tH of November 1326, his pursuers
54 MARRIAGE-CONTRACT OP EDWARD II.
probably pillaged what was left in the Castle, taking
charge only of the documents which appeared to them
of a lasting importance. On one of the Patent Rolls
(m. 5, 20 Edward II) is a memorandum that on Sun-
day the Feast of St. Cecilia (Nov. 22), William la
Zouche and John and Edward St. John brought to the
chamber of Queen Isabella, who was then lodged in the
Bishop's Palace at Hereford, four bags containing rolls,
inquisitions, and other memoranda of the King's chan-
cery, taken by them in the Castle of Swansea, and then
and there delivered them to Henry de Clifford, Keeper
of the Rolls.
The marriage-contract was either overlooked or left
behind. Into whose custody it fell, or continued to
be, until the present century, we have no account. All
that is now known is that rather more than fiftj^ years
ago a poor patient of the late Dr. NichoU of Swansea,
unable to give him a pecuniary remuneration for his
services, begged his acceptance of a small box contain-
ing old deeds and papers, among which was the
marriage-contract. Soon after the opening of the Royal
Institution, in 1835, Dr. Nicholl, at the instance of
Colonel Francis, presented it to the Museum.
It remains to briefly narrate a few facts in reference
to the document. In the spring of 1303 the Bishop of
Winchester, the Count of Savoy, Henry de Lacy, Earl
of Lincoln, and Otto de Grandison, were sent to Paris
by King Edward, as his plenipotentiaries, to arrange
terms of peace between France and England, negotia-
tions for which had been for some time proceeding with
the Pope's intervention. On the 20th of May a formal
treaty of peace was concluded, and immediately after-
wards the Princess Isabel, who was then a child of
eight years old, was espoused to Prince Edward ; the
Count of Savoy and the Earl of Lincoln, the English
King's proctors, acting on behalf of Prince Edward on
the occasion.
The Count of Savoy was Am^d^e V, second son of
Thomas de Savoy, Count of Flanders. He succeeded
MARRIAGE-CONTRACT OP EDWARD 11. 55
his uncle, Philip, as Count and Duke of Savoy in 1285,
and gave up to his nephew, Philip, the principality of
Piedmont and the other possessions of his house on the
other side of the Alps, — a division which lasted for a
century and a half.
Henry Earl of Lincoln is styled in the contract and
other documents, written in French during the negoti-
ations, as " Conte'' or ** Cuenz de Nicole"; and in those
written in Latin by his proper title, " Lincolnie Comes".
The marriage was solemnised at Boulogne shortly
after King Edward's death, on the 28th of January 1307.
The contract on the occasion of the espousals is, in
some places, damaged by damp. Fortunately, on a
search in Rymer's Fosdera (see vol. ii, 2nd ed., p. 928),
a copy was found of the enrolment, which supplied the
words obliterated, and removed any doubt as to those
abbreviated. Thus a correct copy, with the abbrevia-
tions of the original extended, is now printed :
"A Touz ceus (qui ce)s presentes lettres verront et orront
Looys filz du Eoi (de) France Cuens^'de Eureux Robert de Bur-
goigne et lehan de Bretaigne duks et Pierre Sires de Chambli
Chevalir et chambellan notre Seigneur le Eoi de France messages
et procureurs du dit rot a ce establiz Salut Nous fesons sauoir
que comme il ait este prononcie par le Pope comme par privee
persone et comme Benoit Gaytan par la vertu du compromis
(fait en) li que mariage se face de Monsire Edouard filz du E(»i
DengletSrre et de Madame Ysabel fiUe le Eoi de France notre
Seigneur devant dit (si tost) comme elle vendra en aage de faire
mariage dedenz^ les quatre mois apres ce qu il en ara este
requis par notre dit Seigneur le Eoi o douaire de dis et wit mile
libres de tornois petiz de rente sur certeinnes condicions et
peinnes mises et aiostees* en la prononciation desus dite et es
lettres fait sur ce Et quant au dit mariage il ait oste les epes-
chemez qui i estoient on poaient estre par raison de lignage et
au dispense par auctorite Dapostole et empres* la dite pronon-
ciacion aucuns traities et acorz aient este euz et faiz a Mostereul*
entre les messages et procureurs des diz rois condicions et
peines mises et aiostees quant a la finete du dit mariage si come
1 Comte. 2 Old form of ** dedans". » *'AjaFt6c8*'.
* " ensuite'* after. * Montreal].
56 MARRTAOE-CONTBACT OF EDWARD IT.
elles son plus pleinement contennes es lettres faites sur ce
Nous la prononciacion les traities et les acorz desus diz et chas-
cun diceus sur les peines et sur les condicions au dites come
messages et procureurs du dit notre Seigneur le Roi en nom de
li pour ses hoirs et pour ses successeurs et pour Madame Ysabel
desus dite ratefions agreons et approuvons et prometons en nom
du dit notre Seigneur le Roi a les tenir garder et accomplir fer-
mement sur les peines desus dites Item les diz Coutes de
Savoie et de Nicole comme messages et procureurs du dit Mon-
sire Edouard filz du dit Roi dengleterre pour li et in nom de li
fiancerent presentement en la presence du dit notre Seigneur le
roi de France et de haute dame Madame lehaine par celle meme
grace Reine de France mere de la dite Madame Ysabel icelle
Madame Ysabel present et receuant elle presenz ses diz parentz
et les diz procureurs recevanz fianfa le dit Monsire Edouard en
la main de honor pere Gile par celle (meme) grace Arcevesque
de Narbonne sur les peines et sur les condicions desiis dites En
tesmoign de laquele chose nous avons faire sceller ces lettres de
nos seaus Donne a Paris la vintieme jour de Mai en Ian de grace
mil trois cenz et trois.**
To the marriage-contract, which is written on parch-
ment, three seals are attached by strips of parchment.
The first seal, in dark wax, is uninjured. It bears on
its face the three lions of England, gardant passant,
placed one above the other within a plain circular bor-
der, the legend on which is not legible without a close
examination. It has not a label with five points, which
is a distinguishing feature of Edward's seal as Prince
of Wales. The counterseal is hidden from view. It
may have been the seal made for the use of the King's
Proctors on the occasion. Colonel Francis has unac-
countably supposed this seal to have been attached by
mistake, and to have been the seal of the Staple of the
city of Lincoln.
As Colonel Francis made a careful examination of
the other seals, his description, with a few alterations,
is adopted. The second seal, in red wax, is that of
Louis Count of Evreux, originally about 3 inches in
diameter. It has lost nearly the whole of its legend.
The field is charged with a knight on horseback, ad-
MARRIAGE-CONTRACT OF KDWARD 11. 57
mirably executed. He is armed in chain-mail ; his
body is covered with the flowing surcoat of the period.
In his right hand he holds a sword secured by a chain,
and on his left arm a triangular, rounded sliield charged
with his arms, sem^e of fleurs-de-lis, surmounted by a
baton. These arms also enrich the trappings of his
horse. Flowing ailettes are attached to his helmet,
which is conical, with a square, baiTed vizor. The horse
has a nodding plume of feathers on his head. The
counterseal has "i^ stgillvm comttts ebroicensis for an
inscription, surrounding a triangular shield within a
trefoil, on which are the same armorial bearings as on
the seal.
The third seal, of dark green wax, is also imperfect,
and the legend broken away. It probably was the seal
of Princess Isabel. In the field is a large fleur-de-lis ;
in the base a castle ; to the left a small triangular
shield, the arms on which are illegible ; in chief, two
small fleurs-de-lis. The counterseal has three fleurs-de-
lis on a triangular shield. The inscription is illegible.
R. W. B.
5S
LLYFK SILIN
YN CYNNWYS ACHAU AMRYW DEULUOEDD
YN NGWYi^EDD, POWYS, ETC.
By the kind perraission of Sir Watkin Williams Wynn,
Bart., the following pedigrees relating to North Wales
are allowed to appear in the Archceologia Cambrensis.
The original MS. was burnt in the year 1858, when
Wynnstay was almost totally destroyed by 6re. For-
tunately a transcript had been made by the Rev. J.Jen-
kins, Vicar of Kerry. ^ Of this transcript, the late Mr.
Joseph Morris, of Shrewsbury, in the year 1829 made
a copy, which, together with other MSS., the late Sir
Watkin Williams Wynn, Bart., bought from Mr. Joseph
Morris' representatives. The pedigrees are brought
down, in many cases, to the beginning of the eighteenth
century.
The original MS. was written between the years 1645
and 1728,* and by persons well acquainted with the
neighbourhood of Llansilin. In a note* at the end of
^ ** Ceri, Awst 7, 1828. Gorphenais j gwaith o ad'scrifenu yr li^n
Ljfr-Achan a elwir Lljfr Silin : trwy weled cywreinrwydd yr hen
Achaneswyr yn eu Bwydd, a*r amlygiad a gefais yn en cofion a'r
helyntion Tenlaaidd a hen arferioD y wlad, y gorchwyl er ei fod yn
faith nid oedd flin i mi. — J. J."
2 " Y Foelas yn Yspyti ; Robert Wynn sydd heddyw 1645. Moel
y Garth, Cegydfa, Mam Brochwel (yr wan 1728) yw Sarah ferob
Thomas Williams Person Llangyniew. Dolarddyn 1728. Plant
Gabriel Wynn yw John a Gabriel a Harri ; ac o ferched Ann, Mary,
Magdalen, a Jnditb."
^ "Yma« amryw arjfoelion iV canfod-yn nglyn ysgrif y llyfr
hwn (a elwir Llyfr Silin) bod yr Achan a gynhwysir ynddo yn dra
chywir; ac hefyd i'r gyn-ysgrif fyued trwy ddwylaw a bod ym
mhcrchenogaeth dan Achwyr a Hynafiaethwyr godidog yn en hoes,
sef William Moras o Gefn y braich a John Davies o'r Ehiwlas, y
ddau o blwyf Silin, am ba achos y rhoddwyd yr enw Silin ar y Llyfr,
er ei wahan-nodi oddiwrth lyfrau ysgrifen eraill, megis Llyfr Ced-
wyn, Llyfr Melangell, etc. (i waiter Mechain."
LLYFR SILIN. 59
the transcript, the Rev. Walter Davies (G waiter Mech-
ain) gives it as his opinion that the original MS.
passed through the hands of the learned antiquary,
William Maurice of Cefnybraich, and John Davies, the
well-known genealogist, of Rhiwlas, both of whom lived
in the parish of Llansilin.
May it not have been commenced by Edward Davies^
of Rhiwlas, and continued by his more celebrated son,
John Davies, who was born on the 10th of October
1652 ? The Davies' (of Rhiwlas) pedigree was compiled
in the lifetime of John Davies' mother, Margaret Davies,
who was buried at Llansilin upon Tuesday the 4th of
July 1693.
GOGERDDAN.
Sir Richard Prise ap Sir Richard Prise ap Sir John
Prise* ap Sir Richard Prise' ap Sion ap Richard ap Rys
ap Dafyd Llwyd ap Dafyd* ap Ryddech ap leuan Llwyd
ap leuan ap Gruff, foel ap Gruff, ap Ifor ap Kadifor ap
Gwaithfoed.
Mam Sion oedd EUiw verch William ap Siankin ap
lorwerth ap Einion o Feirionydd.
Mam Richard ap Rys oedd Kattriu verch Rys ap
Dafydd Lloyd ap Dafyd ap Einion ap Howel
ap Tudr ap Einion fychan ap Einion ap Meirig
ap leva ap Ifor ap Idnerth ap Cadwgan ap
Elystan Glodrudd. C^ais Ach y Drenewydd.
Mam Rys ap Dafydd Lloyd oedd ... ferch Mered. ap
Dafydd ap leuan fychan ap leuan ap Rys ap
Llowdden.
Chwaer hono oedd Mam Rys ap Lewis Taid
Watkin Thomas.
^ Born Feb. 20, 1618, and baried at Llansilin upon Monday the
14th day of March 1680.
2 High Sheriff of Montgomeryshire, 1591, 1622.
' High Sheriff of Montgomeryshire, 1603.
* Pa le y mae leaan ap Rhyddech ap leuan Llwyd y Bardd ?
medd Walter Davies. Brawd oedd leuan y Bardd .4 Dafydd ap
Byddech yn gartrefn gydag ef yn Gogerddan. Tybia I lenkius.
60 LLYFR SILIN.
Mam Dafydd Lloyd oedd merch Owaiii ap Rikert ap
Gruff, ap Mered. Vrongoch ap Llewelyn ap
Howel ap Seissyllt ap Kadwgaa ap Elystan
Glodrudd.
Mam Cattrin verch Rys oedd Margred verch leuan
ap Owen ap Mered. ap Dafydd Vychan ap Gruff,
ap Einion ap Sulien ap Cariadog ap GoUwyn.
Mam Tlydderch ap leuan Llwyd oedd Angharad hael
verch Rikert ap Einion ap Cynwric ap Morgan
ap Ph. ap Seiasyllt ap Llewelyn ap Cadwgan ap
Elystan Glodrudd.
Mam Margred verch leuan ap Owen oedd Goleubryd
verch Mered. ap leuan ap Llewelyn ap Tudr ap
Gronw ap Einion ap Seissyllt ap Ednowain ap
Eunydd ap Iswalter ap Idris arw ap Klydno ap
Ynyr farfdrwch ap Gwyddno Garanhir.
Mam Elliw verch William ap Siankyn oedd Lowri
verch Gruff, ap Rhys ap Davydd ap Howel ap
Gruff, ap Ywain ap Bleddyn ap Owain Brogyn-
tyn.
Mam Siankyn ap lorwerth oedd Gwenllian verch
Cynwric ap Rotpert ap lorwerth ap liirid ap
lorwerth ap Madoc ap Ednowain Bendew, un
o'r 15 Llwyth Gwynedd.
Mam Lowri verch Gruff, ap Rhys ap Davydd ap
Howel oedd Margred verch Robert ap Gruff,
goch ap Davydd ap Madoc ap Meiric ap Dafydd
ap Llowarch ap leuan gam ap Cynddelw ap
Rhys ap Edryd ap Enethan ap Siaffeth ap Kar-
wedd ap Marchudd, un o'r 15 Llwyth. Cais
Ach Bryneuryn.
Mam Margred oedd Lowri verch Tudr ap Gruff, fy-
chan, ap Gruff, o'r Rhuddallt ap Madoc fychan
ap Madoc Krwpl ap Gruff. Farwn gwyn ap
Gruff. Arglwydd Dinas Bran ap Madoc ap Gruff.
Maelor ap Madoc ap Mered. ap Bleddyn ap
Cynfyn.
Mam leuan Lloyd ap leuan ap Gruff, foel oedd Elliw
verch Mered. ap Cad. fantach ap Cad. ap Llew-
LLYFR SILIK. Gl
elyn ap Gruff, ap Mered. ap Edilfrycli ap Pry-
dyr veisrydd ap Einion ap Kwnwa ap Pyll ap
Sandde ap Gwyddno Garanhir *
Mam EUiw verch Mered. oedd Gwenllian verch
Mered. ap Owen ap Gruff, ap yr Arglwydd
Rhys ap Tewdwr.
Mam Gwenllian verch Cynwric ap Rotpert oedd
Angharad verch Gruff, fychan ap Gruff, ap Da-
fydd goch ap Dafydd ap Gruff, ap Llewelyn ap
lorwerth Drwyndwn.
Mam Dafydd ap Rhydderch uchod oed Angharad
verch Gruff. Gryg ap leuau fychan ap leuan ap
Rhys ap Llowdden. medd eraill Mawd verch
William Klement.
Mam Owain ap Mered. ap Dafydd oedd Lleuku verch
leuan ap Madoc ap Kad. Wenwys ap Gruff, ap
Beli ap Selyf ap Brochwel ap Aedden ap Cyn-
gen ap Elisse ap Gwylawg ap Beli ap Mael
Mynen ap Selyf Sarffeadw ap Cynan Gjrwyn
ap Brochwel Ysgythrog.
Mam Leuku oedd Gwenhwyfar verch Gruff, ap
Alo.
Mam Gruff, ap Alo oedd Efa verch Einion Ddistain
ap lorweth ap Gwrgenau ap Uchdryd ap Edwin.
BETTWS MAELIENTDD.
John Llwyd ap Hugh ap Sion Llwyd ap Hugh ap
Sion ap Dafydd Llwyd ap Howel DdA ap Howel ap
Madoc ap Meiric Dwpa ap Meiric goch ap Generic ap
Kad. fychan ap Kad. ap Gwion ap Hoeliew goch ap
Rys ap Hoeliew ap Cadwgan ap Elystan Glodrudd.
Mam Sion Llwyd ap Dafydd Llwyd oedd Cattrin
verch Howel fychan ap Howel ap Gruff, ap Sian-
kin o Llwydiarth. A'r Gattrin hono a fuase 'n
briod aThomas Llwyd of Fodlith yn Nghynlleth.
^ Nota. Kad. fantach ap Kad. ap Gruff, ap Ririd ap Predyr
Peisrudd : medd lenan Brechfa.
62 LLYFR 8ILIN.
TRB NEWYDD YN NGEDEWAIN, Ac.
Sir John Powel Pryce ap Sir John Pryce ap Sir Fy-
chan' ap Sir Matthew ap Sir John Pryce, Bart., ap Ed-
ward Pryce ap John Pryce^ap Matthew goch'ap Thomas
ap Rys^ap David Llwyd ap David ap Einion ap Howel
ap Tudr ap Einion Fychan ap Einion ap Meiric ap leva
ap Ifor ap Idnerth ap Cadwgan ap Elystan Glodrydd
ap Cy hely n — Mor — Sefr — Cawr — G wen wy n wy n — Id-
nerth — lorwerth hirflawdd — Tegonwy — Teon — Gwn-
nai Dau freuddwyd — Hoy wliw — By wdeg — Rhun
Rhuddbaladr — Lari — Casnar Wledig — Lludd — Beli
Mawr.
Mam Sir John Pryce y Bart, cyntaf oedd Julian verch
John Fychan ap Owen ap John ap Howel Fy-
chan ap Gruff, ap Siankyn. Mai Ach Llwydi-
arth.
Mam Edward Pryce oedd Elizabeth verch Rhys ap
Moris ap Owen ap leuan Blaenie.
Mam John Pryce oedd Sives verch leuan Gwyn ap
James ap Rhys o'r Mynachdy.
Mam Matthew goch oedd (Florence) verch Howel
Colynwy ap Meiric.
Mam Thomas Pryce oedd Margred verch ac etifeddes
leuan ap Owen ap Meredydd, hwn a elwyd y
Koch Bowis, o'r Neuadd Wen ; a mam Mere-
dydd ap Rhys (o Geri) hefyd. Margred verch
leuan ap Owen, fal o'r blaen, oedd Acres y
Neuadd- Wen ai Pherthynasau.
Ac i'r Margred hono y bu Thomas ap Rhys a
Meredydd ap Rhys : ac i Meredydd ap Rhys y
bu John, ac i John y bu Richard ac i Richard
y bu Edward ac i Edward y bu Adam ac i
Adam y bu Edward Pryce o Geri. Yn y Fl. 1 6 5 2.
Hyn a gaed gan Dafydd Derwas.
1 " Oedd gan Sir Fychan Prjce Frawd hynach nac efe ei hnn sef
Sir Matthew a fa farw yn ddiblant. — I. I."
2 Sheriff of Montgomeryshire, 1566.
3 Sheriff of Montgomeryshire, 1548. * Obiit 1469.
LLYPR SILIN. 63
Plant Thomas Prys oedd Matthew goch ap Thomas
ap Rhys o'r Drenewydd, ac Arthur Prys o'r
Faenol, ac Oliver ap Thomas o'r Neuad<l-Wen
yn Kaereinion, Tad Robert ap Oliver : A Gw-
raig Robert ap Oliver oedd Cattrin verch Moris
ap leuan ap Howel o Llangedwyn. A Gwen
verch Thomas ap Rhys oedd Gwraig Humphre
Lloyd ap Davydd Llwyd ap Sir Gruff. Fychan
o'r Llai. Gwel ach Llaugedwyn.
Mara Cattrin gwraig Robert ap Oliver oed Damasin
verch leuan Llwyd o Abertanat. Gwel Ach
Abertanat.
Plant John Prys ap Mathew Goch oedd Edward,
Mathew a Richard ; ac o Perched Blanse gw-
raig Lewis Blane mam Sion Blaene o Dregynon ;
Mary gwraig Dafydd ap Rhys ap Dafydd ap
Howel o Gwmwd Deuddwr; a Margred gwraig
Sion Llwyd o Nant Irwen.
GLANMEHELI YN NQERI, 1652.
Edward Prys ap Adam ap Edward ap Richard ap
John ap Meredydd^ ap Rhys ap David Llwyd ap David
&c. mal ach Drenewydd.
Mam Edward Prys ap Adam oedd Siwsan verch ac
etifeddes Dafydd Powell o Westyn ap Lewis ap
Howel.
Mam Siwsan oedd verch Edward Herbert o Drefald-
wyn.
Mam Adam Prys oedd verch John Hughes o Lwydlo.
Mam Edward ap Richard oedd . . . .^ verch Richard
Herbert o Drefaldwyn.
Mam John ap Meredydd oedd .... verch James Pryce
o'r Fynachdy yn Sir Faeshyfaid.
Mam Meredydd ap Rhys oedd Margred verch ac eti-
feddes leuan ap Owen (ap Meredydd ap Dafydd
ap Gruff. Fychan ap Gruff, ap Einion ap Sulien
ap Kariadog ap Gollwyn) or Neuadd-Wen.
* Esquire of the BoHy to Henry VII.
* Elizabeth, the younger daughter.
64 LLYFR SILIN'.
Y FAENOL
Arthur Prys ap Edward Prys^ ap Arthur Prys* ap
Mathew goch ap Thomas ap Rhys ap Dafvdd Llwyd
ap.Dafydd ap Einion Fel Ach y Drenewyda.
Mam Arthur Prys oedd . . . .' ferch Nicholas Robinson
Escob Bangor. Chwaer oedd hi i William Robin-
son o Wersyllt.
Mam Edward Prys oedd . • . .* ferch . • . .^ Bouchier
Arglwydd y Bath.
Mam Arthur Prys ap Mathew goch (o'r Drenewydd)
oedd Joyce verch leuan Gwyn ap James ap
Rhys o'r Mynachty yn Sir Faeshyfaid.
Arthur Prys ap Edward Prys a briododd Mary v
Owen Fychan o Llwydiarth ap John Fychan ; ag y bu
iddynt ferch ag etifeddes a briododd Mr. Devereux."
KBDKWAIN. TM MHA LE (?).»
Howell ap leuan Lloyd ap leuan ap Owen ap Mere-
dydd (yr hwn a elwyd y Koch o Bowys) ap Dafydd ap
Gruff, fychan ap Gryff. ap Einion ap Edward ap Silien
ap Kariadog ap Kollwyn.
Mam Howell ap leuan oedd Margred verch leuan
Teg ap Deio ap Lly w. ap Einion Kylynin.
Mam Margred oedd Goleubryd verch Madoc ap leuan
Fychan ap Gruff, ap Llyw.
Mam Goleubryd oedd Mallt verch Rhjrs Gethin o
Fuellt, chwaer Sir Richard Gethin yr hwn a
wnawd yn Farchog Urddol yn Ffraink.
Mam leuan ap Owen (or Neuadd Wen) oedd Gwen-
Uian verch Dafydd ap leuan ap Owen ap Dafydd
or Wystli.
Mam Owen oedd Lleuku verch leuan ap Madbc
gwenwys.
1 High Sheriff for oo. Mont., 1586.
* High Sheriff for Montgomeryshire, 1678.
3 Margred. * Bridget. * John. • Ohlii 1682.
^ Aberbechan (?).
LLYFR SILTN. 65
TREGYNON.
Lewis Blaene ap Dafydd* Lloyd Blaene ap Thomas
ap leuan Lloyd ap Gruff, ap leuan Blaene ap Gruff, ap
Lyw. fychan ap Llyw. o'r Pant ap Lly w. ap Meilir gryg
ap Gruff, ap Ifor ap Owen ap Kodri neu Bledwr ap
Aeddan ap Brochwel ap Aeddan.
Mam Dafvdd Lloyd Blaene oedd Gwenllian Herl
verch Thomas Herl.
Gwraig ddiwetha Thomas ap leuan Lloyd oedd Mar-
gred verch Sir Richard Herbert hir o Drefaldwyn.
Mam Thomas ap leuan Lloyd oedd Kattrin* verch
Meredydd ap Rhys ap Daiydd Llwyd ap Dafydd
ap Einion. brawd gwbl a Thomas ap Rhys o'r
Drenewydd.
Mam Meredydd ap Rhys oedd Margred verch ac eti-
feddes leuan ap Oweti ap Meredydd ap Dafydd
ap Gruff, fychan ap Gruff, ap Einion ap Sulien.
Mam leuan Lloyd oedd Gwenllian* verch Howel ap
Meredydd fychan ap Meredydd ap Philip ap
Gruff, ap Meredydd ap Einion ap Cynfelyn ap
Dolffyn ap Riwallon ap Madoc ap Cadwgan ap
Bleddyn ap Cynfyn.
Mam Gruff, ap leuan Blaene oedd Elen verch Llyw.
ap Dafydd ap levan ap Uyw. ap Tudr ap Grono
ap Einion ap Seissyllt o F eirionydd.
Gwraig (gyntaf) Thomas ap leuan o Dregynon a mam
Dafydd Llwyd Blaene oedd Gwenllian (fel y
dywedwyd o r blaen) ferch Thomas Herl ap Sioii
Herl ap Thomas Herl : a chwaer Gwenllian
oedd Elizabeth mam y h^n Simmwnd Thelwal : a
Mam Gwenllian uchod oedd Kattrin verch Dafydd
las ap Howel ap Cad. ap Howel fychan ap
Howel ap Gruff, ap Howel Sais ap Howel ap
Lleission ap Rhys fychan ap Gruff, ap Rhys ap
Tewdwr Mawr.
* Sheriff of Montgomeryshire, 1577, 1585.
■ Jane according to Lewys Dwnn, Heraldic Vis., vol. i, p. 299.
* loned, V. Howel ap Meredydd. (I hid.)
5th sir., vol. IV. 5
66 LLYFR SILIN.
CERI YN MAELTENYDD.
Mathew ap Moris ap Thomas ap Rhys ap Dafydd
Lloyd (oV Drenewydd ap Dafydd ap Einion).
Mathew goch a Moris ap Thomas oeddynt Frodyr.
Mab i Mathew ap Moris oedd leuan ap Mathew : a
mab i leuan oedd Erasmus Evans : a mab i Erasmus
oedd Mathew : a gwraig Mathew oedd Mary verch
Roger Kynaston.
Mam Mathew oedd .... ferch Thomas Kynaston ap
Roger Kynaston o Fortyn o Fargred verch
Richard Stane fychan o Groes OswsJlt.
BROCHDYN, TREE ESGOB, USTUS GWYNEDD.
Robert Broughton ap Richard Brbughton ap Robert
Broughton ap Sion ap Cadwaladr^ ap Llyw. ap Tudr o
Frochdyn.
Mam Cadwaladr aedd .... ferch Gruff, ap Siankin,
chwaer i Farged gwraig Sir Gruff. Fychan.
Mam Robert ap Sion oedd Elin^ verch John Lloyd ap
John ap Meredydd ap Howel ap Meredydd.
Mam Richard Broughton oedd . . . .' ferch Sion Wynu
ap Renallt ap Sir Gruff. Fychan.
MOEL Y GARTH, CEGYDFA.
Brochwel Griffiths ap John Griffiths ap Thomas Grif-
fiths ap Thomas ap Gruffydd ap Dafydd ap Owen ap
Teuan Llwyd ac i Ednowain ap Bradwen o Ynys nea
Llys Bradwen yn ymyl Dolgelleu.
Mam Brochwel (yr wan 1 728) y w Sarah ferch Thomas.
Williams Person Llangyniew ac i Riryd ap
Cadwgan ap Madoc Arglwydd Deuddwr.
Mam John Griffiths oedd Ann ferch John Richard a
Gwmgoror Castell Caereinion.
* Cadwaladr ap leaan ap Llyw. (Lewis Dwnn's F?>., vol. i, p. 329.)
■ Eliz. verch John Llojd ap Evan, of Gwern y Go. (Ibid.)
3 Sian. (Ibid.)
LLYFR SILIN. 67
EDNHOP A PHENTREF COCH Y GWENITH.
Richard^ ap Howel ap Gruff, ap Siaiikyn ap Gruff,
fychan ap Gruff, ap leuan ap Madoc ap Lly w. ap Hoedliw
ap lefa ap Cad. ap Elystan Glodrudd.
Mam Richard oedd Sioned verch leuan ap Meredydd
ap Maelgwn ap Cadwallon ap Madoc ap Idnerth
ap Cadwgan ap Elystan Glodrudd.
Mam Howel ap Gruff, ap Siankyn oedd Angharad*
verch Howel ap Meredydd fychan ap Meredydd
ap Philip ap Gruff, ap Meredydd ap Einion ap
Cynfelyn ap Dolffyn.
LLAI NEU LETGHTON.
Charles Lloyd ap Oliver Lloyd ap Humphrey Lloyd
ap Dafydd Lloyd ap Sir Gruff, fychan ap Gruff, ap
leuan ap Madoc ap Cadwgan Wenwys ap Gruffydd ap
Beli ap Selef ap Brochwel ap Aeddan ap Cyngen ap
Elisau ap Gwylawg ap Beli ap Gwarwyn ap Brochwel
Ysgythrog.
Mam Oliver Lloyd oedd Gwen. verch Thomas ap Rhys
ap Davydd Lloyd, chwaer un fam un dad a
Mathew goch.
Mam Humphrey Lloyd oedd Elen verch lenkin Ky-
naston ap Grufi*. ap Siankin.
Mam Charles Lloyd oedd Blaense verch Sir Charles
Herbert ap Sir William Herbert ap William
Herbert larll Penfro ap Sir William Thomas.
Mam Blaense oedd Elizabeth verch Sir Gruffydd ap
Sir Rhys ap Thomas.
Mam Elizabeth oedd Kattrin verch Sir John St. John.
Mam Kattrin oedd Katherin verch Joha Duwk o
Somerset ap John Duwk o Somerset ap John o
Gawnt.
Mam Sir John St. John oedd .... verch .... Nefil
larll Westmorland.
* Sergeant-at-Arms to Henry VIII; Sheriff of Montgomeryshire,
1554, 1555. {MonU ColL, vol. iii, p. 333.)
' Ankret verch Meredith Yanghan of Maesmawr. (Lewis Dwnn*s
Fw., vol. i, p. 289.)
6 *
68 LLYFR SILTN.
Mam Sir Charles Herbert oedd Blaense verch Sir
Simmwnt Mulbwrn o Swydd Gaerloyw.
Plant Gruffydd" Fychan o Bowys oedd Dafydd Lloyd,
Cadwaladr a Reinallt.
Mam Dafydd Llovd ap Sir GruflFydd a Chadwaladr a
Reinallt oedd Margred verch Gruffydd ap Ian-
kin Arglwydd Brockdyn.
Mam Margred verch Gruffydd oedd Gwenhw. Owl-
bri verch ac etifeddes Dafydd fychan ap Teuan
ap Dafydd goch ap leuaii ap Tudr fychan ap
Tudr goch ap Tudr Llwyd ap Ednowain ap
Bradwen.
Mam Sir Gruffydd Fychan oedd Mawd verch Gruff-
ydd ap Rnys fongam ap leuan Fychan ap leuan
ap Rhys ap Llawdden.
Mam Mawd v. Gruffydd oedd Elizabeth v. Gruff, ap
Gwenwynwyn ap Owain Cyfeiliog.
Mam hono oedd Margred v. Sir Howel y Pedolau ap
Gruffydd ap Torwerth ap Meredydd ap Methu-
salem ap Hwfa ap Cynddelw, un o'r 1 5 Llwy th.
DOLARDDYN, 1728.
[John Wynn ap Gabnel ap Gabriel Wynn ap] John
Wynn ap Gabriel ap Sion Wynn ap Owen ap Sion
Wynn ap Dafydd ap Meredydd ap Dafydd Llwyd o
Deuddwr ap Gruff, fychan ap Gruffydd Deuddwr ap
leuan ap Madoc ap Owen ap Meiric ap Pasgen ap
Gwyn ap Gruflfydd Arglwydd Cegidfa.
1 728 Plant Gabriel Wynn y w John a Gabriel a Harri ;
ac o ferched Ann, Mary, Magdalen, a Judith.
Mam Sion Wynn oedd Ann verch Edward Prys Esq.
Cyfreithiwr.
Mam Ann oedd Elizabeth v. ac etifeddes Gruff.
Llwyd ap Edward Lloyd o'r Maesmawr ap
Thomas Lloyd ap Hugh Lloyd ap Cadwaladr
ap Sir Gruffydd Fychan.
Mam Gabriel Wynn oedd Mawd verch Howel Fychan*
Esq. ap Owen ap Sion ap Howel Fychan o
Llwydiarth.
^ Yorke'8 Br^yal Tribes, p. 82. • Of Coed Talog.
LLYFR SILIN. 69
•
Mam Sion Wynn ap Owen oedd Gwen Lloyd, v.
Thomas ap Llyw. Person Castell Caereinion ap
Llyw. ap Madoc goch ap lorwerth goch ap
Heilin fychan ap Heilin ap levaf ap SieflFri ap
Grono ap Owen ap Uchdryd ap Edwin.
Mam Owen ap Sion Wynn oedd Elen verch Dafydd
ap Robert ap Dafydd ap Sion ap Ednyfed.
Mam Sion Wynn ap Dafydd ap Meredydd oedd Elen
verch Sion Prys ap Hugh.
Mam Dafydd ap Meredydd oedd Lowry v. Gruff.
Caron^ ap Gruffydd ap leuan ap Madoc ap
Gwenwynwyn ap Owain Cyfeiliog ap Gruffydd
ap Meredydd ap Bleddyn ap Cynfyn.
Mam Meredydd ap Dafydd Llwyd Deuddwr oedd
....* verch ac etifeddes Llyw. ap Dafydd Llwch
ap Madoc ap Ririd ap Cadwgan [neu Ririd ap
Cadwgan ap Madoc ap Ririd ap Cadwgan ap
Madoc] ap lorwerth Kilfawr ap Mael Maelien-
Mam leuan ap Madoc oedd Ann est v. Adda ap
Madoc o Geri, ac i Elystan Glodrudd.
Mam Madoc ap Owen oedd Gwen verch Howel ap
lorwerth ap Meredydd Benwyn (Arwystli).
Mam Owen ap Meiric oedd Gwerfyl v. ac etifeddes
leuan goch ap Rhys Gwnle (Argl. Martyn) ap
Rys ap Rys fychan ap Dafydd ap Gruff, chwith
i Efystan Glodrudd.
Mam Meiric ap Pasgen oedd Nest verch Llyw. fychan
ap Lfyw. ap Einion ap Lfyw. ap Meilir gryg ac
i Frochwel Ysgythrog.
BRYNGWYN.
Elizabeth ferch ac etifeddes Oliver Lloyd ap Dafydd
ap Sion (1652) ap Robert ap Davydd Lloyd ap
Howel ap Sion ap leuan fychan ap Howel ap
Meredydd ap Gruffydd ap Tudr ap Madoc ap
Einion ap Madoc ap Gwallog ap Eginir ap Lies
* Caron=:Carno (?) See Lewis Dwnn's Vis., vol. i, p. 293.
» Eva (?) (Ibid.)
70 LLYFR SILIN.
ap Idnerth Benfras o Faesbrwc ap Uchdryd ap
Edwin K.
Elizabeth v. ac etifeddes Oliver Lloyd a briododd John
Kinaston oRiwfabon ap Roger ap Humphrey ap
Roger Kinaston o Fortyn ap Humphrey Kinas-
ton Wyllt, &c.
Chwiorydd i John Kinaston a briododd Elizabeth
verch Oliver Lloyd o'r Bryngwyn oedd Mary
gwraig Mathew Evans o Geri a Lettice gwraig
William Moris o Llansilin.
Mam Sion (1652) ap Robert Lloyd o'r Brjmgwyn oedd
Mared verch Reinallt ap Dafydd ap Gruffydd
ap Meredydd ap Edny fed gam ap lorwerth foel
ap lorwerth fychan ap yr h6n lorwerth ap
Owen ap Bleddyn ap Tudr ap Rhys Sais : a
Mared oedd chwaer gwbl i William ap Reinallt
o Gareghofa.
Plant Sion (1652) ap Robert o Ermin verch Randl
Hanmer oedd Robert Lloyd, Dafydd, Thomas,
Edward, Jeffre, Hugh, Roger, Rondl, a Hum-
phrey Lloyd : o ferched Lowry gwraig Robert
ap Robert ap Hugh ap Dafydd o'r Park yn
Llanfechain ; a Margred gwraig Sion Fychan ap
Rhydderch ap Sion ap Howel Fychan. Fel yn
Ach Llwydiarth.
Thomas, SiefTre, ac Elis Lloyd o'r Kryw oedd frodyr
un fam a Robert Lloyd o'r Bryngwyn.
Howel ap Sion ap leuan o'r Bryngwyn ) /^r^ f
a Sion Wynn ap Sion ap leuan or Ffinnant / p j
a Dafydd ap Sion ap leuan o'r Frongain ) ^
LL ANFFYNHON- WEN.
Priamus Lloyd ap Richard Lloyd ap Richard Lloyd
ap Oliver Lloyd ap Dafydd Lloyd fychan ap Dafydd
Lloyd ap Sir Gruffydd fychan ap Gruffydd ap leuan
ap Madoc ap Cadwgan Wenwys.
Mam Richard Lloyd ap Oliver oedd Gwenllian verch
Gruffydd ap Howel ap leuan Blaene ap Gruf-
fydd ap Llyw. fychan ap Llyw.ap Meilir gryg.
LL^FR STLIN. 71
Mam Oliver Lloyd oedd Fargred verch ac etifeddes
Sion Middleton o Drefaldwyn ap Pirs Middle-
ton ap Robert Multwn ap Philip Multwn^ ap
Sir Alexander Middleton.
LLWYDIAETH YM MHOWYS.
Owen' Fychan ap Sion' ap Owen ap Sion ap Howel
Fychan ap Howel ap Gruffydd ap Siankin ap Llyw. ap
Einion ap Kylynin ap Ririd ap Kynddelw ap lorwerth
ap Gwrgenau ap Uchdryd ap Aleth Brenin Dyfed.
Mam Owen Fychan oedd Doritie verch Howel Fy-
chan [ap Howel] ap Dafydd Lloyd ap Dafydd
ap leuan Fychan ap Gruffydd ap leuan ap
Gruffydd ap Madoc ap lorwerth ap Madoc ap
Ririd Flaidd.
Mam Sion ap Owen Fychan oedd Margred verch ac
etifeddes Owen ap Meredydd ap Llyw. fychan
o'r Gorddwr yn Maelienydd.
Mam Owen ap Sion ap Howel Fychan oedd Elizabeth
Grae verch Sion Grae ap Humphre Grae ap
Harri Grae larl.*
Mam Elizabeth Grae oedd Elin verch Owen ap leuan
Teg ap Dio ap Llyw. ap Einion ap Kylynin
megis o'r blaen.
Mam Elin oedd Kattrin verch Reinalt ap Sir Gruf-
fydd Fychan ap Gruffydd ap leuan ap Madoc
ap Cadwgan Wenwys.
Mam Kattrin oedd Alia verch Gruffydd ap leuan
Gethin ap Madoc Kyffin.
Mam Sion ap Howel Fycnan oedd Elin verch Sion
ap Meredydd ap leuan ap Meredydd ap Howel
ap Dafydd ap Gruffydd ap Kariadog ap Thomas
ap Rodri ap Owen Gwynedd.
^ Pa fodd J oedd Sisseli gwraig y Ririd Bjthon yn etifeddes,
mab yn ngbyfraifch oedd Philip i Sir Alexander Middleton,
« High Sheriff for co. Denbigh, 1601.
* High Sheriff for co. Montgomery, 1 583.
* Earl of Tankcrville.
Ik^
72 LLYFR SILIN.
Mam Howel Fychan oedd Margred verch leuan* ap
Owen ap Meredydd ap Dafydd ap Gruffydd
Fychan.
Mam Howel ap Gruffydd oedd Malt verch Howel
Selef ap Meiric Llwyd ap Ynyr Fychan. Cais
Ach Nannau.
Mam Gruffydd ap Siankin ap Llyw. ap Einion oedd
Gwenhwyfar verch leuan Gethin ap Madoc
Kyffin.
Mam Gwenhwyfar oedd Mared* verch leuan ap Madoc
ap Cadwgan Wenwys.
Plant Owen Fychan oedd Sion Fychan, Sir Robert
Fychan, Roger* Fychan, Edward* Fychan, Kely-
nin Fychan a Roland Fychan, ac o ferched
Doritie gwraig William Salbri o Rug ; a Mary
gwraig Arthur Prys o'r Faenol.
Mam y plant hyn oedd Kattrin* verch ac etifeddes
Moris ap Robert ap Moris o Llangedwyn.
Plant Sion ap Owen oedd Owen Fychan ; a Julian
gwraig Edward Prys ap Sion Prys o'r Drenew-
ydd; Elizabeth gwraig Dafydd Lloyd Drap
ap Roger Lloyd o r Trail wng ; Margred gwraig
Roger Kynaston o Hordle : Sian gwraig Hugh
Harris o'r Mwythig, ac un mab a fu iddi ;
Gaenor gwraig Rhys Thomas o Estyncolwyn ;
Doritie gwraig Andrew Meredydd o Lantanad,
ag wedi [iddo farw] gwraig Simmwnt Thelwal
o Bias y Ward ; a Kattrin gwraig Sidney Elis
ap Elis ap Elis ap Richard.
Plant Howel Fychan ap Howel ap Gruffydd ap Sian-
kin oedd Sion ap Howel Fychan ac Humphre
ap Howel Fychan ; a deg o ferched, sef
1. Lowri gwraig Dafydd Lloyd ap Dafydd ap leuan
fychan o Lan y Llyn Tegid.
2. Mallt gwraig Howel Llwyd ap Dafydd ap Meredydd.
* Of Nenaddwen.
■ Arddan ▼. lenan ap Madoc. (Mont. Coll.y vol. v, p. 400.)
' Entered a member of tlie Inner Temple in 1614. {Ibid., p. 409.)
* Entered a member of the Inner Temple in 1618. (Ihid.)
* Ohiit Nov. 11, 1607. Baried at Llangedwyn.
$.
\
1
\
1
LLYPR SILIN. 73
3. Kattrin gwraig Thomas Lloyd ap Dafydd Lloyd
ap Howel ap Moris o Fodlith yn Ngynlleth ac
wedi marw Thomas Lloyd gwraig Dafydd Lloyd
o'r Bettws.
4. Margred gwraig Sir Meredith Manley o Sir Gaer-
UeoQ.
5. Gwen gwraig Edmund Corbet o blwyf Gwrddyn.
6. Elizabeth gwraig GruflF. ap William ap Gruff. Der-
was o'r Kernes.
7. Elin gwraig Thomas ap Harri ap Kynwric o Teg-
eingl.
8. Sian gwraig Morgan ap Sion ap leuan ap Rhys o
Lan-y-Uyn.
9. Ann gwraig Edward Lloyd ap Dafydd Lloyd ap
Sir Gruffydd Fychan Marchog o Bowys.
10. Marri gwraig Hugh ap leuan ap Dafydd Lloyd ap
Lly w. ap Gruffydd o Llanwrin ; ac wedi iddo
farw priododd Moris ap Owen ap leuan ap
Owen o Riwsaeson yn Llanbrynmair.
Dafydd Lloyd ap Howel, a Moris ap Howel oeddent
feibion i Howel Fychan o gariad-ferch.
Plant Sion Fychan ap Owen Fychan o * ferch
Richard Herbert o Drefaldwyn oedd dwy o fer-
ched ac etifeddesau.
Plant Sir Robert Fychan o Kattrin verch William
Herbert Arglwydd Powys oedd HerbertFychan,
ac Elenor Fychan a briododd Mr. John Purcel
o Nant y Cryba.
Plant Roger Kinaston o Farged verch Sion ap Owen
Fychan oedd Edward Kinaston o Hordle a Sion
Kinaston ; o fercbed yn
1 . Kattrin gwraig Walter Gruffydd o Lanfechain.
2. Margred gwraig Thomas Tanat o Abertanat.
3. Brudense gwraig Richard Blodwel.
, 4. Mary gwraig Sion Fychan o Lan-y-Uyn.
I 5. Sian gwraig Edward Evanse o Dryll y Pobydd.
6. Ac Elizabeth gwraig Richard Hanmer o Pentre
Pant.
^ Margaret.
{To be continued,)
74
Miscellaneous j^otices.
The ADnnal Meeting of the Cambrian ArcbaBological Association
for 1887 will be held at Denbigh, on Monday the 22nd of August
and following days, under the presidency of Charles Salusburt
Maikwarinq, Esq., of Oalltfaenan.
Mb. Allen, photographer, of Tenby, is about to publish a series
of photographic views of thirty castles, abbeys, and cathedrals in
South Wales and Monmouthshire. The selection is excellent, and
they are to be accompand with short historical notices. The issue
will be an edition de luxe, and will cost twelve guineas. We have
reason to believe that high as is the price, the character of the
photographs and the descriptions will be worthy of it.
Flint Old Church, Sepulchral Slabs discovered in Old Church
Walls. — Many sepulchral slabs with ornamentations along their
surface were discovered in taking down the old church walls. They
were sold to Sir Stephen Glynne, Bart., for £S or so, and were
removed by him, presumedly, to Hawarden Castle. It would
be well if all these slabs were described and delineated in the
pages of the Archoeologia Camhrensis. Flint being an ancient forti-
fied town on the confines of England, many persons of note would
be buried in and around the church. Probably these old slabs
would throw some light on the history of the town or of the com-
manders of the garrison lodged in the Castle. The writer is in-
debted for the information respecting these slabs to the Rev. T. B.
LI. Browne, who rebuilt Flint Church. E. O.
Flint Church, Sepulchral Slabs found in the old Churchyard
Wall. — A couple of years ago the present Rector of Flint, the Rev.
W. LI, Nicholas, rebuilt the dilapidated churchyard wall facing
High Street. In taking the old wall down the workmen came
upon a very perfect though small fourteenth century sepulchral
slab with ornamentations along its surface, and they also discovered
fragments of other similar slabs embedded in the wall. These are
all preserved by the Rector. The north wall is about to be reno-
vated, and it is very likely that other interesting remains will be
discovered when the old stones are being removed, and we are glad
to know that they will be carefully looked after by the Rector.
E. O.
. MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES. 75
Llanddogkt, Stonb in Cuubch Wall with Initials on it. — Built
into the chnrchjard wall is a small boulder- stone with the letters
M . P on the top part of the stone, and immediately underneath these
letters is the date 1710; and underneath this date are the letters
and date, w b 1722, in a line. The Rev. J. Pagh EvauR, the Rec-
tor of the parish, informed the writer that he was told that stones
of this kind have been found in the churchyard when graves are
being dug, and the parishioners think they were commemorative of
the dead. They might have been so ; stones with letters and
dates on them are to be found in other churchyard walls. There
are several such stones in Derwen churchvard wall, and these were
undoubtedly placed where they are by the builders of the church-
yard wall to indicate the length of wall that they had built, and
had nothing whatever to do with the dead. Even at the risk
of depriving the parishioners of Llanddoget of a popular idea, the
writer ventures to suggest that this was the origin of the lettered
stones found in their churchyard wall. E. O.
BoDrAEi Chdrch, Holy Water Stoup found in old Church Wall.
— When the old church was being taken down, there was disco-
vered, built into the wall of the south porch, a holy water stoup,
which is preserved in the Rectory grounds. The bowl is ovoidal in
form, and is cut into an oblong slab of stone. The projecting part
of the stoup is plainly dressed. The part that entered the wall, as
would be expected, is undressed. E. 0.
Sir Thomas Phillipps' Library. — The following account of Sir
Thomas PhiUipps and his library, a portion of which, we under-
stand, has recently been purchased for the Free Library at Cardiff,
from the pen of a former Librarian, Mr. John Rowlands (Qiraldus),
will be interesting to Welsh antiquaries : —
'* Sir Thomas Phillipps was descended from the Phillippses of
Cilsant in Carmarthenshire. His father was a rich cotton merchant
in Manchester, and when he retired from business he purchased the
estate of Middle Hill, near Broadway, in Worcestershire, which he
lefl in his will to his son, Mr. Thomas Phillipps, and to his eldest
son or daughter after him. Mr. Phillipps was educated at Oxford,
where he graduated as a B.A. ; and after his father's death he mar-
ried a daughter of General Molyneux, and was created a Baronet.
At this time he kept a large esteblishment at Middle Hill, and used
to travel about in a coach and four. They had three daughters ;
and on his wife's death he sold his horses and carriages, and de-
voted himself to the collection of histories, pedigrees, and anti-
quities. He soon filled his house from floor to ceiling with books
and pictures. He kept a private press, with compositors and
binders, and used to keep his daughters transcribing MSS. from
morning to night. No servante were allowed to enter the library
except under his supervision.
76 MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES.
'' Middle Hill soon became too small io hold his books, and he
resolved to transfer them to Oxford, and bought an omnibns in
London to conyej them thither. Bat when Lord North wick's Pic-
ture G-allery at Thirlestane Honse, in Cheltenham, was sold. Sir
Thomas took a lease of it, and removed thither. He wonld not
trust his books to the railway, bat sent them in the omnibus, under
the charge of two servants ; and this process occupied two years,
with two journeys a week. The honse was filled with books, which
were kept in boxes piled one upon another, with their lids opening
downwards. The library was estimated at 40,000 volumes, and
was supposed to be one of the largest private ones in Europe.
''In 1863 Mr. Rowlands was appointed Librarian and Welsh
correspondent to Sir Thomas, who had now set his whole mind on
collecting Welsh antiquities and manuscripts. He bought np all
the Welsh manuscripts of Camhuanawc and the works of the early
Welsh bards. Many of these were transcribed by the Librarian for
the use of the English compositors, who did not understand a word
of Welsh, and the process of printing was unusually slow and
tedious. Among these transcripts were the charters of the Priory
of St. John the Baptist at Carmarthen, and other Welsh charters,
as well as notes on Lewis Dwnn. Mr. Rowlands travelled on foot
through the counties of Pembroke, Carmarthen, and Glamorgan, in
search of historical antiquities, and the result was published in
1865. Sir Thomas arranged the manuscripts at Picton Castle, and
at one time resolved to leave his books to Wales, and he took
Manorbier Castle for the purpose of placing them there ; but he
afterwards changed his mind.
*' He was twice married, his second wife being a daughter of the
Rev. William Mansell, one of the Mansells of Carmarthenshire.
He had a great antipathy to Roman Catholics, and left strict in-
junctions in his will that none such was to cross the threshold
of Thirlstaue House. If such a thing took place, then the will
was to be void, and his daughters to lose all. The library was closed
at the request of its owner, but permission was granted by the
Court of Chancery for the sale of the duplicate volumes, of which
there were a great many. Among those purchased for the Free
Library at Cardiff were a copy of the Heraldic Visitations of Walee^
with Sir Thomas Phillipps' manuscript corrections, and others with
his manuscript notes and emendations."
7r
LiMBUS Patbum MoBOAViii ET Glam OBGANIJ: ; being the Genealogies
of the Older Families of the Lordships of Morgan and Glamor-
gan. Now for the first time collected, collated, and printed by
Gboboe T. Clark, F.S.A., of Taljgarn, with Indexes of Names
and Places. London : Wyman and Sons, 74-76, Great Queen
Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. 1886.
To an ordinary reader this volume has a forbidding aspect, as being
fnll of names and genealogies, and one can imagine the average
Englishman turning from it with a sound of '* Dryasdust" on his
lips ; but to the antiquary and county historian, and especially to
those of Glamorgan, the *' dust" will be that of March, of which
folk-lore tells us that " a peck is worth its weight in gold".
Two circumstances give the work a more than ordinary value :
first, that it is the prodaction of so learned and accurate a writer as
Mr. G. T. Clark ; and secondly, that " it stands alone". " There
was not", he tells us in his Preface, " and even now there is not,
any other printed collection of Glamorgan pedigrees, excepting the
meagre and very scarce folio of Sir Thomas Phillipps. Lewis
Dwnn's Visitation of Wales in the Years 1586 and 1613, printed by
Sir S. B. Meyrick in 1846, in two handsome and now very high-
priced volumes, though copious for the northern and mid-Welsh
counties, and for Carmarthen, Pembroke, and Cardigan, omits
Glamorgan and Brecknock."
The first appearance of these genealogies, we are further told,
was made " nearly a quarter of a century ago, in the columns of
The Merthyr Gitardian. They were derived from many sources :
some from local collections, of which there exist three or four of the
age of Elizabeth or James I, in private hands, unprinted, and but
little known ; some from the Harleian Collection, also in manuscript,
in the British Museum ; some from The Oolden Grove Book, also a
manuscript, now by the liberality of the Earl of Cawdor lodged in
the Public Record Office; and others from the collection of Sir
Isaac Heard, bequeathed to the College of Arms, of which a few
copies were privately printed by Sir Thomas Phillipps in 1845."
To the material thus collected with more than usual fulness, and
corrected with great care, some *' new matter has been added from
the very valuable collections of Mr. Wake man, now in the posses-
sion of Mr. Octavins Morgan. The pedigrees drawn from these
sources have been collated one with another, and in some cases
verified or corrected by reference to parish registers, registers of
wills, the records of the great sessions of the county, the records of
the realm, and occasionally by reference to charters and conveyances
78 REVIEW.
of land, and similar docnments preserved in private and pnblic col-
lections. In this way many omissions have been made good, many
errors corrected, and here and there a redundancy cut off; the
general resnlt being a tolerably complete collection of county pedi-
grees, some ostensibly ascending to the times of Fitz Hamon and
the De Clare Earls ; and others, more copious and far more trust-
worthy, to the reigns of the Stuart Kings ; and descending occa-
sionally to the middle and end of the eighteenth century."
We have quoted thus extensively from the Preface in order to
show the variety of sources from which the information was culled,
and also the extreme care taken to verify and correct the state-
ments. We might do the same with equal advantage with regard
to the valuable Introduction, in which Mr. Clark draws attention
to '* the difference between the Celtic and Teutonic races in their
treatment of their genealogies' ^ and then enumerates some of the
chief stocks of the old Glamorganshire families.
But we have done enough to show the scope, method, and relia-
bility of the work ; a work we have ourselves already had the satis^
faction of testing, as well as deriving from it much special informa-
tion. One point only will we further refer to in passing, as bearing
inuch more strongly on other less favoured parts of the Principality,
viz., the loss of records. " In this lordship there must at one time
have existed a tolerably perfect series of records, seeing that the
whole was held in fee of one lord, and subject to the usual ward-
ships, escheats, forfeitures, fines, and other incidents of feudal
tenure. The returns were made to the lord's exchequer at Cardiff,
and by means of them the revenues must have been calculated and
collected. Unfortunately the whole of these records, and it is be-
lieved those also of the later exchequer at Ludlow, are lost, and it
is unknown where or how."
An enumeration of the chief family stocks of Glamorgan is headed
by that of Gwaithvoed, from whom descended the families of " Mat-
thew of Llandaff, Thomas of Llanbradach, Lewis of Van, and their
cadets, Prichard of Llancairn, and probably Williams, otherwise
Cromwell, of which families two only are extant in the male line."
Next comes the stock of lestyn ap Gwrgan, the native Prince, dis-
possessed by the Normans, from whom about two score families are
derived. Their crest was the Paschal Lamb, with the motto, " Yin-
cit qui patitnr." After him, Einion ap Collwyn, or Einion Fradwr
(the Traitor), from whom about forty Glamorgan families, of
whom Prichard of Collena is probably the only family descended in
the male line, and still retaining their ancient estate. Bleddyn ap
Maenarch, Prince of Brecknock, is still represented, through Colonel
Philip Jones of Commonwealth fame, by Jones of Fonm6n. Gwilym
ap lenkin of Gwerndu, ancestor of Gwilym Ddu, that Earl of Pem-
broke who was a leading supporter of the White Rose, was the
progenitor of the race of Herbert ; and from him also Jones (now
Herbert) of Llanarth, Herbert of Muckross, Jones Lord Banelagh,
and Thomas of Pwll-y-vrach, claim descent. Branches of the Her-
REVIEW. 79
berts, by the distaff, are represented by the Duke of Beaufort in
Gower, the Marquis of Bute in Cardiff, and the Earl of Powis in
Montgomeryshire. The Earls of Pembroke and Montgomery are
those who have given most lustre to the names.
The Norman followers of Fitz-Hamon, also the "Ad venae", who
settled along the Glamorgan littoral, the Flemings, Kemeys, St.
Johns, Sanfords, Snllys, Turbervilles, and many others, as well as
those who settled in Gower, the chief of whom were the " Penrices,
lords of Penrice, whose heiress carried their manors to the Mansella
of Margam", are all treated in detail, and with great fulness, in the
body of the work. Nor is it only an enumeration of names, but in
many instances much biographical information is added from various
sources ; and the great difficulty which so often attaches to Welsh
pedigrees, from the omission of dates and verifications, is to a cer-
tain extent obviated by the tabulated forms into which their sub-
stance is thrown, and the co-ordination of the cadet branches in
their due relative position on the remarkably elaborate and compre-
hensive charts which accompany the letterpress. Very full indices
of the names of the persons and places mentioned complete its
handiness for reference.
Mr. Clark has conferred a great literary boon on the county of
Glamorgan, and his work will take its place as the standard one
upon its subject. He has much more than filled the gap left by
Lewis Dwnn, and Brecknock alone now remains without its genea-
logist. Who will supply the place ?
80
CAMBRIAN ARCH^OLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
STATEMENT OP ACCOUNTS FOB 1886.
32 7
RECSIPT8.
£ 8, {/.
Balance in hand, Jan. 1 . 234' 10 5
Swansea Local Commit-
tee ... .
Pickering and Co., for
Journals sold
Arrears of subscriptions
Subscriptions for 1886 .168
Balance of late Treasurer 4 11
Bev. B.Treror Owen, Feb.
6, overpaid .06
16 10
69 7
6
8
£624 6 2
Balance in Treasurer's
hands, Jan. 1, 1887 ;£242 3 2
Examined and fmmd correct,
Feb. 2, 1887.
s, d,
1
PAYXB1VT8.
£
Asher and Co., subscrip-
tion repaid . 1
Bev. B. T. Owen, Sec.'s
disbursements, 1884-5 6
Archdeacon Thomas for
Editors . . 60
Ditto, account of Index 10
Ditto, disbursements . 7 6
Blades, East, &, Co., photo-
lithographers . . 16 2 6
W. G. Smith, wood en-
grayings . . . 36 15
Messrs. Whiting and Co.,
printing Journal . 137 16 6
Satchell, printer . . 10 6
Copies of original docu-
ments . 3 11
Hill & Co., photo-similes 9 7 6
Goldie, photographer . 14
Phototype Company . 3 13 6
Bepaid Mr. Bobinson 10
To balance . . 242 3 2
^624 6 2
Jambs Dayibs J - ,.,
D.B. Thomas | ^«*^"<'*'»-
W
It
33_-H
I
O
A
I
IPILAS3 ®7
The Conventual Church
& Buildings of
I
§iri;hac0l0gia CHmk^uHti
FIFTH SERIES.— VOL. IV, NO. XIV.
APRIL 1887.
NEATH ABBEY.
{Read at the Visit of the Association^ Tuesday, August 24, 188&)
The plan of the Abbey, which has been made for me
by Mr. D. Godfrey Thomas of Neath, is in the main an
enlargement of the plan contained in Francis' book of
Neath and its Abbey, which was made by Mr. J. Jen-
kins in 1833 for the Rev. Henry Hey Knight, the learned
and genial Rector of Neath ; but it has been slightly
added to, by way of illustration, from Specimens of In-
I laid Tiles from Neath Abbey, published by the Neath
.Philosophical Institution, a copy of which has been lent
I for reference for this Meeting. The plan also supplies
an illustration of some suggestions which this paper
ofFers, possibly for the first time.
It exhibits the site of the church lying to the north
" of the conventual buildings, of which some considerable
portions have fallen during the last thirty years. This
was probably contributed to by the vibration caused by
trains passing along the adjacent railway. Taking the
plan and the portions still standing, we have many safe
indices of what the original parts of the sacred edifice
were ; and it requires only a small effort of the ima-
gination to conceive the noble building in its entirety,
with its grand west window, its lofty nave, and pillared
aisles ; its handsome transepts, choir-screen, rood-loft,
and high altar, part of the site of which has been
5th beb., yol. iy. 6
82 NEATH ABBEY.
uncovered for the purposes of this visit ; the whole
dominated by a massive square tower resting upon
pillars, the bases of which are marked in the plan.
The domestic buildings are in part shown in the
plan, to the south of the conventual church, and are
marked A. The other parts of these buildings are
shown on the western side, in which is situated what
has been called the main entrance to the Abbey. In
the former, that is the buildings to the south, were the
Abbot's house, and the fratry or day-room for the
monks, and over it their dormitory. The latter por-
tion, namely the buildings on the western side, marked
B, consisted of two principal buildings, one on each
side of the so-called main entrance, marked E, and
which were . probably used as places of reception and
hospitality to visitors, and for almsgiving to the poor.
There is a small building on the outside of these which
has the aspect, at least as regards situation, of a
porter's lodge. It is marked f on the plan. In a line
with the two latter buildings mentioned is a spacious
room, marked G, supposed to be the Abbey kitchen. This,
in comparatively recent times, was turned to use as a
place for smelting ores and refining metals,^ the ancient
chimneys being used as furnace-stacks. The large
heaps of dSbris near it consist of the scoria resulting
from the operations, and remain as silent but unim-
peachable witnesses of the desecration.
In the open space to the east of the so-called kitchen
there is a piece of ruin still standing, which in Jenkins'
plan is marked by an angular foundation like the letter
L. It is an old chimney. It is marked Ha in the pre-
sent plan. I notice it to say, in the first place, that it
ought to have been shown as standing more to the
north than Jenkins' plan shows it ; and for the further
reason that certain old remains, marked in dotted lines
in the present plan, show the outlines of a building of
^ Some local reports say lead-smelting was carried on bere ; but
traces of carbonate of copper are very plainly seen on the walla
where the farnaces stood.
NEATH ABBEY. 83
v^hich this still standing chimney was a part, much
resembling in shape a room in the monastic buildings
of Durham, called the Monies^ Hall. The larger open
space marked c on the plan is the cloister-garth, around
which was the cloister, and into it a door opened from
each end of the south aisle of the church. These doors
are marked D on the plan. There was also a door in
the south transept which led to the cloisters. The
dotted lines in Jenkins' plan, and those marked o^,
suggesting a way from the south transept to the monas*
tic buildings, have been altered on the present plan, as
there are indications that a building stood upon the
site of the suggested way, of which the excavations
made to-day disclose the doorway (j) and the window
(k). This space formed the sacristy, between the tran-
sept and the chapter-house (i), the outlines of which are
suggested by the dotted lines.
The foundation-charter of Neath Abbey was granted
by Richard de Granaville in 1129, who also endowed it
in part One writer says it was successively occupied
by Franciscan and Cistercian friars. The order is nere
probably inverted. If the Franciscans were at any
time the occupants, it must have been by a kind of
interregnum. They first came into England in the
time of Henry III, whose reign commenced in 1216
and closed in 1272. Now the annals show that
Bichardus, the first Abbot of Neath, died in 1145, and
that Kadulphus, the second Abbot, witnessed a deed
relating to Margam Abbey about 1153. An ode by
Lewis Morgan wg, addressed to Lleision, Abbot of Neath
(date about 1500), makes reference to the occupants at
that time as White Monks, which denotes the Cister-
cian Order ; and it is at least more than probable that
this brotherhood were both its first and last occupants.
It has been said that the minds of men are fossilised
in their works ; as, for instance, that Druidism being a
kind of sun-worship, formed its temples of a circular
shape, in accord with the apparent motion of the great
orb ; and that Christianity, wherever and whenever it
6>
84 NEATH ABBEY.
settles, leaves marks of its great type, the cross, upon
its structures. I believe this is remarkably illustrated
in the remains of temples and other structures in Cen-
tral America, where the inhabitants who erected them
have become quite extinct. These enduring symbols
thus afford illustration of peoples, communities, and
sentiments, where other records are wanting.
There is, however, no lack of records to inform us of
the character of the Cistercian fraternity. It was
established by Robert, Abbot of Moldsme in Burgundy,
to revive the decaying piety and discipline of his con-
vent. The rule of St. Benedict, enjoining celibacy,
poverty, and obedience, as cardinal virtues, was the
basis of their discipline, to be solemnly and faithfully
observed. There were other matters and duties also
imposed upon the brethren, who in the course of a
devout life were to divide their time between prayer,
reading, meditation, the education of youth, and other
pious and useful labours.
It is interesting to trace those expressions of senti-
ment and chamcter which are to be found impressed
upon these ruins of one of their houses. In its half-
concealed cells and spacious cloisters, in the well-defined
outlines and aisles of its grand church, in its chapter-
house and refectory, in those encaustic tiles emblazoned
with the heraldry of its patrons (which form the floor-
ing around the high altar), and not less in the solitude
and beauty of the situation, — for at the time it is said
that the hill-sides which surround it were clothed with
verdure to their very bases, — in all these we may trace
a beautiful harmony with the well known rules of the
Cistercian brotherhood ; and in their manifest adapta-
tions we have a good illustration of the ode, before
mentioned, addressed by Lewis Morganwg to Lleision,
the Abbot, of the condition of the Abbey at its prime.
He describes it as '* a famed, insulated retreat"; ** a
key of learning"; **the temple of Neath, in which God
is glorified"; "a place in which sages of eminence, ardent
men of learning, men of piety, humble and beneficent.
NEATH ABBEV. 85
may be found"; " chief of schools"; '* the university of
Neath"; "the admiration of England"; "the lamp of
France and Ireland"; " a school greatly resorted to by
scholars"; "a place of famous disputation in music,
arithmetic, logic, rhetoric, civil and canon law".
The Abbey was dissolved by the Act passed in the
reign of Henry VIII, which applied to all such establish-
ments having less than £200 per annum, and by means
of which three hundred and eighty such houses were
broken up; its revenue at the time being only£l50:4:9.
Some seven or eight resident monks were pensioned
for life, and the house and its possessions passed into
secular hands.
Thus for about four hundred years, this Abbey,
famous as a religious retreat, as a place of asylum, of
learning, of devotion, of beauty of situation and archi-
tecture, stood forth with an importance which it is now
difficult to fully appreciate. As to its extent, there
are buildings in the adjoining village which manifestly
formed paits of it. The stream which falls into the
river near the town was constructed, for a long dis-
tance, to work the mill which ground the Monastery
com. The farmhouse called " Cwrt-y-Clafdy", about
one mile distant on the hill-side, was the Abbey hos-
pital or infirmary. Longford (called in Welsh " Cwrt-
rhyd-hir"),"Cwrt Herbert", as well as'^Cwrt-y-bettws",
and " Cwrt-sart", all contiguous places, we may infer
from their names to have been dependencies of the
Abbey.
T. S. Sutton.
86
NOTES ON THE CHARTERS OF NEATH
ABBEY.
The Register of Neath Abbey is lost. At p. 168 of the
Stradling Correspondence, Rhys Meyrick writes, "And
because I meane to contynew yoV debtor, I crave the
lone of the register of Neath [Abbey] (wherein att my
last being witn you, I found somewhat of Justyn), and
y* shalbe safely kept and sent home at yo'r p'fixed
tyme." This is the last we hear of it. What became
of it, or what, indeed, it contained, we do not know ;
but that its contents would have been of high historic
value in throwing light on the conquest of Glamorgan
by the Normans, and on the details of their subsequent
settlement therein, there can be little doubt, having
regard to the contents of such Registers as have come
down to us.
Most of what writers on monastic institutions and
general history had previously said about Neath Abbey
was collected by the late excellent antiquary. Colonel
G. G. Francis of Swansea, and makes up the eighteen
pages of " Collectanea" with which he concludes his
collection of Charters and Documents relating to Neath
and its Abbey ^ published in 1835. Those pages are
very interesting ; but the facts they contain relating to
the early history of the Abbey are few indeed. Such
is not the case with regard to the first part of the book,
which contains the charters and other documents which
the zeal and industrious research of the Editor suc-
ceeded in bringing to light. These, and more particularly
the charters, are of great value, and with the exception
of a chirograph, dated 1237, relating to a dispute be-
tween Margam and Neath (referred to by Col. Francis
at p. 5 of " Collectanea" as being amongst the Penrice
MSS.), comprise, as far as I have been able to gather,
all the documents for a history of Neath Abbey
il
(i
I- ^
3 -
o S
s I
CHARTERS OF NEATH ABBEY. 87
known to be in existence at the time the book waa
published. Unfortunately Colonel Francis limited the
issue of his book to fifty copies, forty of which were
taken up by private subscribers. It is to this must be
attributed, I think, the fact that although fifty years
have elapsed since it was printed, these documents
have never yet been thoroughly exhausted.
When the Cambrian Archaeological Association were
at Swansea last autumn I took part in a discussion at
the evening meeting of the day when Neath Abbey
was visited, and referred to some notes previously made
of points which had struck me on reading the charters.
At the request of the Editors of this Journal I have
since examined these documents more minutely, and,
having added considerably to the notes I had then
made, embodied the whole in the present paper.
At the outset it may be well to state that Colonel
Francis' book contains not only the then known char-
ters (five in number), but a number of miscellaneous
documents, amongst which are included a deed of ex-
change between William de Barri and the Abbey,
1220; an assignment of Bluntesmore by Sir William
Mayloc, 1266 ; anniversary obit, etc., to Sir Edward
Stradling, 1341; Bull from Pope Boniface to the Abbot
of Neath, 1394, etc. It is illustrated with beautiful
woodcuts of the principal objects of antiquarian inte-
rest with which it is concerned, including seals, coats of
arms, a ground-plan of the Abbey, view of the Castle,
and the encaustic tiles discovered some time before.
The five charters are, — circa 1129, the foundation-
charter of Richard de Granaville ; 1207, August 5th,
confirmation-charter of King John; 1208, January 6th,
another confirmation-charter of King John ; 1334, Aug.
16th, charter by John de Mowbray, lord of Gower;
1468, June 24th, charter of confirmation of Bichard
Earl of Warwick.
The first three were printed in Dugdale's Monastic
con, and when comparing Dugdale's readings with those
in Colonel Francis' book, seeing in the margin of the
88 NOTES ON THE CHARTERS
Dugdale charter of 1208 a note, " vide etiam 10 Ed. Ill,
n. 42", I went to the Record Office, and with the help
of my friend, Mr. W. D. Benson, after much trouble,
due to the charter having been entered in the Calendar
as one of Netley Abbey, found and transcribed the
charter of confirmation of Edward III, dated 8th April
1336, which is printed in the Appendix hereto.
Mr. G. T. Clark, at p. 69 of The Land of Morgan^
mentions three charters of John as printed in Rot.
Char., dated respectively 6 January, 5 August, and
11 August 1207. This is a mistake as far as that of
11 August is concerned. It has, I think, been slipped
in by accident from the line next but one preceding,
where the Margam charters are referred to ; one of
which, as a matter of fact, was dated 11 August 1207:
at any rate I have looked through the charter rolls,
and cannot find it under that date, though the two
others are there.
Although the Register of the Abbey, as already
stated, is lost, it fortunately happens that much use
was made of it by Rhys Meyrick in writing that part
of his history of Glamorgan which treats of its con-
quest by the Normans. This he tells us himself; but
we are not left to depend wholly upon his state-
ment, for the diligent research of Colonel Francis
has enabled us to compare his statements with docu-
ments which undoubtedly must have been copied in
the Register, and so to see for ourselves that he made
considerable use of that book ; and further, that when-
ever his accuracy can be so tested, he is found to be
generally trustworthy.
Of the charters collected by Colonel Francis, by far the
most important is the charter of confirmation of Richard
Earl of Warwick (1468). From it may be collected,
with little outside assistance, a history of the progress
of the Abbey from its foundation by Richard de Grana-
ville to the year when this charter was given. It is an
InspeximuSy and the documents it recites, arranged not
in the order of recital, but chronologically, are as here-
OF NBATH ABBEY. 89
under : — i, circa 1129, Foundation-Charter of Richard
de Granaville ; ii and iii, two other charters, about the
same date, given by the same; iv, between 1147 and
1 15 7, confirmation-charter of William Earl of Gloucester;
V, between 1147 and 1157, charter of grant of privileges,
etc., given by the said Earl; vi, 1289, 13th of April, deed
of exchanges between Abbot Adam of Carmarthen and
Earl Gilbert de Clare ; vii, 1289, 12th of April, licence
to cut timber from Earl Gilbert to Adam of Carmar-
then; viii, 1338, 9th of October, charter of confirmation
of I, II, III, IV, V, VI, given by Hugo Le de Spencer ; ix,
1338, 9th of October, charter of confirmation of vii, given
by Hugo Le de Spencer; x, 1341, 13th of September,
licence to Abbey to hold lands of Sir E. Stradling in
mortmain, given by Hugo Le de Spencer ; xi, 1358,
12th of July, Inspeximiis confirming last licence by
Edward Le de Spencer ; xii, letters patent of Richard
Earl of Warwick and Albemarle, etc., addressed to his-
bailiflfe, etc.; xiii, 1429, 8th of October, letters patent to
tax-gatherers ; xrv, 1468, 24th of June, the Inspeximus
itself of Richard Earl of Warwick, lord of Glamorgan
and Morgan wg, and Anna his wife.
The great historical value of this deed is obvious
when it is remembered that, apart from the charter,
10 Edward III, already alluded to, eleven of the thir-
teen recited documents are found nowhere else. It
was discovered by the late Colonel Francis, and is now
in the possession of his son, Mr. J. Richardson Francis
of Swansea. These fourteen documents, together with
others now lost, must have been in the Register of
Neath when in the possession of Meyrick. His account
of Richard de Granaville and the founding of the
Abbey is as follows : —
'* Sir Richard de Granaville, to whom the old Castle
of Neth, in the Westerside of the River of Neth, and
the Landes which lately apperteyned to the Abbay of
Neth, were given in reward of service, was of great
possessions in Normandy, England, and Wales, and a
valiant knight, as the Register of Neath testify eth, as
also it may be appear, for that he was placed in the
90 NOTES ON THE CHARTERS
utter boundes of the Signory of Glamorgan and Mor-
ganwg, even in the mouthes of his enemies ; who by
the procurement of Constancia his wife, having noe
Issue by her, and shee then dying, began to build the
Abbay of Neth in the year of the incarnation of our
Saviour M.c.xxix, wherein, the next yeare ensuing, hee
placed 1 2 moncks, to the maintenance whereof he gave
all such landes as hee had between Oludach, PuUignan,
Neth, and Tawy ; the Chappell of St. Gyles, with all
tyth due upon his Tenants or men, viz., French and
English men ; balfe his fishing of the River of Neth,
the Myll of Cludach, and the meadow by west the
new WaU to 1 the River of Neth. Hee gave alsoe the
ffee of Mocnke Nash, with the church tnereto belong-
ing ; and certain Landes neere unto Nash, within the
ffee of Oggmor ; and the Myll of Pendewlyn, a house
for the Miller, and two acres of Land, and all the
Landes between Cludach and the brook that runneth
by Constance's Crosse : And his house de Vilerys ; but
the house of Neth had never possession of that house.
This Sir Richard de Granavilla was Constable of the
new Castle of Neth in the time of Robert ConsuU. He
was Lord of Bideford, Litleham, and Kilhamtone in
Devonshire. Litleham he gave to the said house of
Neth.;
This varies from the accepted history of the Nor-
man appropriation of the Neath district, as contained
in Mr. G. T. Clark's Land of Morgan and in his
Manorial Particulars, in several particulars. In the
first place, Meyrick speaks of two Castles of Neath, —
an old one on the west side of the river, which was
given to De Granaville; a new one on the east, of which
e was Constable. Mr. Clark, in the two works above
referred to, treats of Neath as if there was but one
Castle there, that it belonged to De Granaville, and was
on the east side of the river. Further, Meyrick says
that the lands given to De Granaville are those " which
lately apperteyned to the Abbay of Neth"; i.e., " the
land between Cludach, PwUcynan, Neth and Tawy'\
OF NEATH ABBEY. 91
Mr. Clark, that not only were these given to him, but
also Neath Citra and Neath Burgus. (See ** Manorial
Particulars", Arch. Camb.^ 4th Ser., vol. ix, pp. 128-34.)
It is with great hesitation I venture to offer an opinion
differing from so eminent an authority as Mr. Clark,
THE historian of Glamorganshire ; but I cannot help
thinking that if he were to carefully re-examine these
three charters of De Granaville, he would feel some
doubt as to whether De Granaville ever owned Neath
Citra and Neath Burgus, or held the Castle on the east
bank of the Neath, except as Constable of Robert the
Consul, which the second charter says he was.
In these charters the references to tbe Oastle are
the following. — By the first he gives the clmpel of his
Castle (**capellam nostri castelli de Nethe") to found
a monastery for twelve monks, by the second he gives
the Castle itself, and by the third he confirms that
gift with others. It is, therefore, clear that De Grana-
ville gave his Castle to the Abbey. Mr. Clark (p.
131, ArchcBohgia Cambrensis^ 4th Ser., vol. ix, p. 131)
says " R. de Granaville on his retirement to Bide-
ford is said to have made over his whole holding to the
monks, together with his Castle and castelry. This is
corroborated by the Fine Roll, John, 1207, which
shows that the monks gave 100 marcs and a palfrey to
John, lord of Glamorgan, for what must be regarded as
a confirmation : ' Monachi de Neth dant centum mar-
cas et 1 palfredum pro habenda castellarium quod fuit
Ricardi Grana vill', etc. {Rot. Fin., i, p. 389.) The
castelry, however, did not carry the Castle, for the
account of Maurice de Berkeley (31 Henry II) charges
for Wm. de Cogan, custody of the Castle of Neath for
half a year, £10. This (1185) is the earliest mention
of the Castle.'^ On the following page he continues :
" This new acquisition*' (i.e., the donation of Richard
de * Granaville) "proved troublesome, and before lonj
the monks exchanged the lordship and castelry wit)
the chief lord for a rent-charge upon Talavan, Llan-
blethian, and Ruthyn/'
92 NOTES ON THE CHARTERS
From this it would seem that De Granaville s Castle
was the Neath Castle of 31 Henry II (t.e., 1185), and
that though the monks had the castelry they never had
the Castle. That this cannot be so will readily appear.
When he wrote the passage above quoted, in which he
says "the Fine Roll of John 1207 must be regarded as
a confirmation", Mr. Clark seems to have forgotten that
John, by charter (1207, August 5) had formally con-
firmed this gift of the Castle. It runs : " Sciatis nos
dedisse et concessisse et presenti carta confirmasse Deo
et ecclesie Sanctae Trinitatis de Neth et monachis ibi-
dem Deo servientibus locum uhi cctsteUum Ricardi de
Granavill quondam fuit cum omnibus pertinentiis suis
et totam terram quam idem Ricardu^ habuit inter
Thawy et Neth:'
The clear meaning of the words I have italicised is,
that in 1207 the Castle of De Granaville no longer ex-
isted, but that his castelry and lordship were held by
the monks. That, however, does not of itself prove the
position of the Castle, except that there is a strong in-
ference in favour of the Castle being where the lands
were, i.e., west of the Neath. However, we are not left
to conjecture upon this fact alone. We are told in the
Annals of Margam and elsewhere, that in 1185 there
was a Castle called Neath Castle, which we know, from
continued series of historical notices, stood where what
is now called Neath Castle stood, viz., on the east side
of the river Neath. N6w it is quite clear that there
would not be found two castles standing at the same
time on the east side of the Neath, to guard the town
and lands adjoining ; therefore, if it can be shown that
Neath Castle was already built when De Granaville
gave his Castle to the monks, this latter must have
been an altogether different one from the former, and
must have stood on the west side of the Neath. Now,
although Margam Abbey was not founded until 1147,
the Annals commence the chronicling of local events
as early as 1127; and inasmiich as they note the found-
ing of the Abbey of Neath in 1130, and make no men-
OF NEATH ABBEY. 93
tion of the building of the Castle of Neath (an event of
at least equal importance), it must be taken to have
been built before 1127; and in all probability a consi-
derable time before that year, or the chronicler would
have learnt from hearsay the year of its erection, and
then have chronicled it under that year. Accordingly,
if my line of reasoning is to be relied upon, the Annals
show that Neath Castle existed in 1130, when De Gra-
naville made over his Castle to the monks, and there-
fore that the latter must have stood on the west side
of the Neath, as stated by Rhys Meyrick.
The facts upon which 1 have formed the opinion that
De Granaville never held Neath Citra and Neath Bur-
gus are these. — In the first place, though he makes
gifts of lands as far away as Devonshire, in addition to
all his lands west of the Neath, he gives no land what-
ever on the east. Next, if he had held Neath Burgus
we should expect the fact to have been mentioned in
the charters to the borough which exist ; but there is
no such mention of any connection of De Granaville
with the borough in the oldest charter, which com-
mences with a recital of the grant of the first charter
to the burgesses by William Earl of Gloucester. Again,
Mr. Clark {Manorial Particulars) says that Briton
Ferry and part of Neath manor were held of Neath
Citra ; and the charter of confirmation of King John,
7 January 1208, already mentioned, shows that Robert
Consul, Earl of Gloucester (chief lord at the date of the
foundation of the Abbey), gave to the Abbey the land
described as *' terra de Ponte'', i.e., Briton Ferry, together
with the church which Radulph the Hermit held in free
alms. Lastly, Meyrick gives no reason for the giving
up of his lordship by De Granaville, but the appeal of
his childless, dying wife, l^hat may have moved him to
found and richly endow the Abbey ; but the more pro-
bable reason of his retirement, and giving up his lord-
ship, is that suggested by Mr. Clark, viz., the danger
of his position on the Neath, caused by the frequent
risings of the Welsh, and in particular by their occu-
94 NOTES ON THE CHARTERS
pation of Gower in 1136. This, if true, appears to me
a strong argument in favour of my opinion, that
Neath Citra and Neath Burgus did not belong to De
Granaville ; for although its position of danger is suf-
ficient to account for his giving up his lordship on
the west side of the Neath, it is difficult to under-
stand his giving up Neath Citra and Neath Burgus on
the east, when he had the Neath between him and his
enemies, and a Castle so strong as to frighten off or
successfully resist the attaick of the Welsh who burnt
the town of Kenfig on the night of St. Hilary, 1167 ;
and in 1185 successfully resisted, until it was relieved,
a hostile army of Welshmen who had just burnt the
towns of Cardiff and Kenfig, and were laying waste the
open country of Glamorgan with fire and sword,
I have not been able to find out when the district
afterwards known as Neath Citra first became included
in that designation. Although probably at first, as
Mr. Clark says, it was so called by the Normans because
situated on their side of the Neath, it afterwards in-
cluded the extensive area of land on the west side con-
veyed to the chief lord in 1289 by the exchange then
effected between him and Adam of Carmarthen, as a
comparison of its boundary, given by Mr. Clark, with
the boundary of that portion of the lands exchanged
west of the Abbey to PwUcynan, will readily show.
To sum up this matter. I think it is clear that Mey-
rick's account of the two Castles is warranted by the
documents, and that these show directly and by infer-
ence that De Granaville's place at Glamorgan was on
the west of the Neath, and that Fitzhamon and his suc-
cessors held Neath Citra and Neath Burgus, and built
a castle on the east side of the river ; and that De
Granaville, finding his position dangerous, gave up his
Castle and lordship to the monks when he retired to
his more secure property at Bideford.
I am inclined to think, further, that the first Monas-
tery was built at or near the site of De Granaville's
Castle, close to the Clydach stream. In the first place
OF NEATH ABBEY. 95
the disposition of the monks was eminently pacific, and
they would be eager to remove such a continual source
of provocation as the Castle would present to their
wild neighbours, ever ready to attack the countrymen
of their founder, and not always respecters of the pro-
perty of religious houses ; especially if, as is not at all
unlikely, it had been battered about in the Welsh
rising of 1136. The Castle chapel had, by the founda-
tion charter, been already given to thiem ; and upon
the principle of convenience, the Castle site would be
the most suitable, its stones being available and ready
to hand. Then close by was the new town (the "nova
villa" of the foundation charter), which had probably
sprung up since De Granaville had settled there, the
meadows from the mill on the Clydaeh to the wall of
which, and from thence to the sea, had been given to
the monks by that charter. These considerations all
seem to me to point to the place where the old Castle
had stood, or a site near thereto, as that upon which
the Abbey was built.
The two charters of William Earl of Gloucester are
undated. They could not, however, have been given
before 1147, when his father died, because he is de-
scribed as Earl of Gloucester; and not later than 1157,
when his mother died, because she is in the second
referred to as then living. By the first he confirms
the gifts of De Granaville ; his father, Robert, the late
Earl ; and that of Maurice de Londres. By the second
he grants to the monks and their converts freedom
from toll and all secular customs, in respect of buying
and selling, in all his ports, boroughs, and fairs through-
out his land, and from all aids and taxes ; and to their
servants and tenants a like freedom from toll in respect
of food, raiment, and necessaries, provided they do not
become common merchants. He further gives them the
right of wreck in all their land, and grants them' a
house {mafisio) at Cardiff to entertain themselves
thereat, free and exempt from beer-taxes, and every
custom and secular exaction, together with the liberty
96 NOTES ON THE CHARTERS
which IS called " stevenfre", in his mills, and the like
liberty to the man who should be placed in charge of
the said house.
I have made every eflTort to 6nd out what this liberty
called " stevenfre" was. It is not mentioned in the
index to the last edition of Dugdale's Monasticon^ nor
have I found any reference to it in the indices of the
cartularies and registers of many abbeys which I have
examined, though some of them, like St. Mary's, Dub-
lin, were affiliated to the same Order as Neath, and
about the time of its foundation, and contain numerous
references to mills. The result of my investigations is
to lead to the opinion that this liberty of " stevenfre*'
is the same as that which had been previously granted
to and was confirmed by a charter of Edward III
{Mon.y vol. vi, p. 444) to the Priory of Haverfordwest :
..."necnon libertate multurae suae in molendino ipsius
Roberti, scilicet, quod sint Stemnifreoch et Colfreoch",
and was a right to have their com ground at the lord's
mills without paying the usual mill-toll. If that be so,
it is a curious circumstance that of all the religious
houses whose histories are related in the six volumes
of the MonasticoUf only two (and those in South Wales)
should have this particular liberty. Pmmd facie^ the
inference is that it must have been some old Welsh
privilege ; but Du Cange derives ** Stemnifreoch" from
the Saxon. He does not deal with " Colfreoch" at all.
Blount, in his Law Dict.^ passes the two words by,
with the reference to the Haverford charter quoted
above, followed by a " quaere".*
^ This " liberty", having regard to its nniqne cbaracter, as already
mentioned in the text, seemed to me of so mnch interest that I have
spared no pains by writing to all my friends likely to be able to
throw light upon it for their views thereon. Mr. John Gwenogfryn
Evans, who, in conjunction with Professor Rhys, has just earned
the gratitude of all Welshmen by his scholarly and beantiTnlly
ezecnt^d volume of Welsh texts, was good enough to communicate
with Professor Napier, of Oxford, upon the subject, from whom he
received the following : " I fear I can give no satisfactory answer
to your friend's question. In stemnifreoch^ stevenfre, the second ele-
ment, fre {/reach), is, no doubt, the same in meaning as libertas.
OP NEATH ABBEY. 97
The charter proceeds to confer upon the monks cer-
tain privileges. They and their freemen are not to be
obliged to appear, in respect of their lands, in the
county court of Cardiff, or any other court, and are to
be quit of suit of court as to that court and all other
courts throughout the Earls lands. Further, they are
granted the right of freely holding their own courts, as
concerning their own men, whenever they have, or
may afterwards have men, as well in their lands be-
tween Neath and Tawe as in their other lands ; and
of commencing and terminating all pleas and disputes
in their said lands in their courts, saving only that
what pertains to the Earl's royal rights must be ter-
minated in the county court of Cardiff; and that if
any of the free tenants of the monks be found guilty of
stirring up war or any other felony before him or
his bailiffs, he will hold the lands and tenements of
the felon for a year and a day, unless the monks chose
to pay the fine ; and for ever after the monks shall
hold them in escheat, without hindrance. The monks
have the further privilege of retaking any animals or
The slemn or steven (vn and mn intercliange) wonid seem to be our
stem or tmnk of a tree, or a stfm of a boat, and hence might be nsed
for a boat itself. Could it have reference to some toll exacted on
boats ? The other word I cannot read distinctly." [The fault of
iny letter.] " Is it chol/reochy or coltfreochy or colfreock f Old Eng.
cM meant a boat. The nsnal representative of O. E. io is ^ in
Middle English ; bnt in some dialects we frequently find o written.
This col is a possible Middle English spelling for Old Eng. c^ol.
Taking that view, colfreock wonld be the same as «<evtfn/r«=boat."
Upon the same subject Mr. James A. Oorbett, of Cardiff, who first
suggested to me the identity of tUvenfre and itemnifreoch, has writ-
ten as follows : *' The Mills at Cardiff were west of the Castle, and
the Creek at the foot of Qaay Street was, no doubt, latterly the
foot of the Mill-tail, where the water re-entered the Taff. Speed's
map, however, shows the Taff itself coming up to this point, and
apparently three watercourses from the Mills entering the river
higher up. Whether boats could actually get right up to the Mills
is doubtful ; but they could certainly get very near them, and they
would be liable, in doing so, to a toll to the Corporation as tenants
of the lord of the borough. Before the charters of Cardiff were
granted, probably this toll would have belonged to the lord.'*
6th ser., vol. IV. 7
98 NOTES ON THE CHARTERS
goods stolen or wrongfully taken from them, upon mere
proof of ownership, without bringing an action against
the thief or wrongdoer.
Between this second charter of William Earl of Glou-
cester and the charters of John there is a period of
fifty to sixty years, during which the Abbey endow-
ments and privileges are not afiected by charters ;
and all we know of its history from other sources is
what we learn from the annals of its neighbour. Mar-
gam. Those annals are singularly silent as to the for-
tunes of the Abbey during these years, yet they were
troublous times as almost any in Glamorgan history.
Henry II, we are told by the chronicler, entered South
Wales in 1163, and pacified it without opposition or
bloodshed ; but the pacification was little lasting, for
in 1167 the Welsh burnt Kenfig on the night of St.
Hilary ; and after an almost annual succession of por-
tents, such as an eclipse of the moon after midnight,
in 1168; the vocal but invisible manifestation of the
daughter of a certain Welsh lady, deposed to on oath
by the father, in 1169; a playful ghost in Devonshire,
who spoke openly to men, but could not be seen, in
1184; the war-annals commence again in the next
year, ushering in a wonderful appearance presented by
the sun after an eclipse, when it looked the colour of
blood. Then came the Welsh, devastating with fire and
sword the plains of Glamorgan ; after which exercises,
amongst other things, as the chronicler puts it, they
burnt Cardiff and unfortunate Kenfig, — the latter for
the second time. Neath Castle proved too much for
them, for after laying siege thereto a long while, they
themselves were put to flight by an army of Normans
coming up to the relief of the beleaguered garrison.
That nothing of Neath Abbey is mentioned in the
annals of these troublous years is the strongest testi-
mony to the respect which the Cistercians at this time
gained for their Order by their strict observance of
their severe rules. But though there was nothing in
the history of the peaceful monks calmly pursuing their
OF NEATH ABBEY. 99
occupations, and recommending, by their mode of life,
themselves and their Abbey to the Welsh, on the edge
of whose territory they lived, and whose ancient lands
they possessed, — a sort of buffer between the Welsh and
their inveterate foes, the Normans, — which the annalist
deemed worthy of a line in his chronicle, nevertheless
the wealth of the Abbey grew apace.
To what an extent they gained the esteem of the fiery
though generous natives is seen by the donations enu-
merated in the second charter of John. Bees ap lestyn,
with the approval of his three sons, lorwerth, Owen, and
Howell, bestowed upon them the land of Llanilid, near
Llanharan, with its church and all its appurtenances.
Leyshon (or Lesant) ap Morgan gave them, to hold in
perpetual alms, the land which his father had given
them between the Avon and Neath, together with sixty
acres of arable land next to their houses ; the whole of
the island which lay within " Magna Pulla";^ the whole
of the land beyond Valda (?), with common of pasture;
and the whole of his land between the Avon and the
Thawe. Roger and Kenewrec (Cynywrig), the sons of
Wian (Owen), gave them all the land which their father
held of Morgan ap Caradoc in the marsh of Avan ;
Wgan Droyn, eight acres of arable land of the land
which is called ** Lamped in Cwmtioch".
In 1218, some eight years later, we learn from the
Annals of Margam^ Clexnentj the Abbot, died. We
know little more of him than the fact that by charter
he granted a payment of six shillings annually to the
monks of Margam, under an agreement with Philip de
Marcross, who gave thirty-six acres of land to Neath
Abbey, and twenty 'three to Margam.^ His successor
was the former Prior, Gervasius, and he it was pro-
bably who, as Abbot, was a party to a deed of exchange,
executed about 1220, between the Abbot and Convent
of the one part, and Sir William de Barri of the other,
whereby the latter exchanged his fee of Walterston, in
^ Colonel Francis saggesis Dnmball, in Neath river, for this.
^ J. M. Traherne, from the Margam MSS.
71
100 NOTES ON THE CHARTEKS
Gower, for sixty-eight acres of arable, and a virgate
and a half of land, with meadows, pastures, and appur-
tenanc5es in the fee of Hornblanton in Somersetshire,
and certain yearly rents. This exchange gave rise, in
1238, to a suit com-nenced on the 8th March between
Richard Fitz-Richard and Thomas de Marini, and the
Abbot of Neath, for common of pasture in Hornblan-
ton.^ Probably this, or part of it, is the land referred
to in the second charter of John as given by William
de Staner, situated between the church of St. Decu-
mans and Kanesford.
The immunity from depredations by the Welsh,
which hitherto the Abbey appears to have enjoyed, was
broken in 1224 by an attack upon one of their houses
by Morgan ap Owen (Morgan Gam of A van). He not
only burnt down their house, but destroyed three hun-
dred or more of their sheep, killed four of their serv-
ants and one monk, and grievously wounded a lay-
brother {converstis)} What was the cause of this sudden
1 Clark, L. M., 104
2 Conversus, — I have translated this word " lay brother". This is
the eqniyalent of the word given in several dictionaries, e.g,, Dn
Cange ; see also Alberti's Italian JHcty 1828 ed. : " Oonverso, 8. M.
Dicesi qnegli che poeta I'abito della religione nel convento, ed e
]aico=fTere lai, frere servant." Nenman and Baretti's Spanish
Diet., 1881 : " Converao, — 1, convert, a person converted from one
religion to another ; 2, lay brother, a man admitted for the service
of a religions house without being ordained." In Blonnt*8 Law
Dictionary, however, the following explanation is given of the word :
*' Convereos, — The Jews here in England were formerly called con-
versos, viz., because they were converted to the Christian religion.
Henry III built an house for them in London, and allowed them a
competent provision or subsistence for their lives ; and this house
was called Domus Conversorum. 'Tis mentioned by our historians
Anno Domini 1244. But by reason of the vast expenses of the
wars, and the increase of these oonyerts, they became a burthen to
the Crown, and therefore they were placed in abbeys and monas-
teries for their support and maintenance. But the Jews being after-
wards banished, Edward III, in the fifty-first year of his reign, gave
this House for the keeping of the Rolls ; and it is the same which
is at this time enjoyed by the Master of the Rolls."
Whether the conversus wounded in the attack by Morgan Gam
was a lay brother or a converted Jew is impossible to determine.
The date of the attack, 1224, allows of either being possible, inas-
OF NEATH ABBEY. 101
attack of Morgan Gam nowhere appears; but whatever
it was, the quarrel was not lasting, for when, seven
years later (1231), Morgan joined Llewelyn in an
attack upon Neath Castle, which was taken, he is not
said to have done any harm to the monks or their pro-
perty, though he behaved with the utmost severity to
their neighbours on the other side of the river. Not
only did he take the Castle, but having destroyed the
town, exterminated the inhabitants.^
The Abbey witnessed without injury a number of
other risings of the Welsh in the interval from this
time down to the Statute of Rhuddlan, including that
of 1257-8, when on 6th Sept. they attacked Neath
with 800 mail-clad horsemen and 7,000 footmen, and
failing to take the Castle, burnt the town to the gates,
" et sic ad dsemones redierunt".
An acknowledgment of an assignment of a lease of
Bluntesmore, in the manor of Ogmore, from Sir William
Maylock, in 1266, introduces us to Abbot Adam of
Carmarthen. He figures as the most conspicuous of
the few ecclesiastics referred to in these documents in
connection with Neath ; and it is probably, as conjee-
tured by the late Rev. H. H. Knight, his eflSgy, with
a model of a church in his hand, which lies in the
grounds of Court Herbert near by ; a sketch of which
appears at p. 333 of the last volume (Series V, vol. iii).
when Edward I, after his North Wales campaign, on
his way to Carmarthen, halted, and passed tne night
of the 12th December 1284 at Neath Abbey, he pre-
sented Abbot Adam with a very beautiful baiidekin.*
But the year which brings him into prominent notice
is that of 1289, when he was a party to the exchange
mnch as the banishment of the Jews from England bj Edward III
did not take place until 1377. Mon.y vol. iv, p. 31, has the follow-
ing reference to Jewish converts: ^^Beadiiig Abbey. — Daring this
Abbot's (William, formerly Sab-Prior of Coventry) time, according
to Grose, the maintenance of two Jewish converts, both women, was
imposed npon this Abbey."
^ '* Morganas Cam non solnm sabvertit ill ad, sed etiam destmcta
villa habitatores ezterminavit."
» Clark, L. M.
102 NOTES ON THE CHARTERS
with Gilbert de Clare of lands for rent-seeks, and the
licence above mentioned. Why the former was eflfected
seems explicable for two reasons. Mr. G. T. Clark, fol-
lowing in this Rhys Meyrick, attributes it to the diffi-
culty the Abbot had with his tenants. *' This new
acquisition" {i.e., the grant of lands by Ue Granaville)
" proved troublesome, and before long" (as a matter of
fact one hundred and sixty years after) ** the monks
exchanged the lordship and castelry with the chief lord
for a rent-charge upon Talavan, Llanblethian, and
Ruthyn." The Rev. H. H. Knight attributed it to
another cause. " The exchange^', he put it, "on so large
a scale, of land for rent-seeks, seems to indicate a drain
of cash such as extensive buildings would occasion. The
church of Neath Abbey, and the earlier portion of
that of Cadoxton, which was appropriated to the
Abbey, were rebuilt about the end of the same cen-
tury", i.e.y the thirteenth. I think the evidence of the
deed itself, and the licence granted upon the same day
(l3th April 1289), point to the latter suggestion as the
most probable. Meyrick, as we know, had once a loan
of the Register, but had not exhausted it, for we find
him writing for a loan of it a second time ; and with
reference to this exchange he makes a note in his Morg.
Arch, to have the deed copied. It may be, therefore,
that finding some passage in the Register referring to
troubles with the tenants, he concluded that this ex-
change was the result. He has certainly not summarised
the deed correctly in respect of the lands upon which the
rent-charge was given, which according to the deed were
Neath, Cowbridge, Llanblethian, Cardiflf, and Caerleon,
and amounted to £102 a year. The area of the lands
given in exchange was very extensive, and was entirely
carved out of the grant of De Granaville. It consisted
of, first, all the lands between- Neath and Tawy, within
the boundary-lines therein described, to wit, along the
Neath to ** Dy velys, and from Dy velys as far as Haved
Wennok, just as the highway extends itself to Rugho,
and from Rugho to Pantasser, and from Pantasser to
OF NEATH ABBEY. 1 03
Thloynmawr, and from Thloyumawr to Cludach, and
so along the mountain of the Tawy to Legh, and along
the Legh from across the mountain to Lantanedewen,
as it extends itself into Pewerdyn, and along the Pew-
erdyn to the Neath/'
Most of these boundary-names are easily identified
by their modern equivalents in the Ordnance Map,
from which, at a glance, can be seen the extent of the
lands conveyed. "Dyvelys" is the Dulais, a tributary
of the Neath ; " Cludach" is the stream entering the
Neath near the Abbey; and *'Legh" (Llech) and
"Pewerdyn" (Perddyn) are small streams rising not
far from one another in the mountain near Colbren.
" Rugho" appears to be the same as Rhygoes of to-day;
and " Thloynmawr" is, of course, Llwynmawr ; but
whether it is so called now I do not know. I have not
been able to identify it, nor " Pantasser".
The other lands exchanged were to the west of the
Abbey, bounded by a line running along the hill of
Coedfranc to the Crumlyn Bog, intereecting therein the
Crumlyn Brook (Pulkanan), and following that brook
down to the sea. These lands were all poor, and it
may well be that Mr. Clark is right rather than Mr.
Knight. The Abbot preferred safe, dry rents to poor
lands with rents and services uncertain in their pay-
ment, and difficult in their execution. The lord wanted
men to follow him, when needed, to the wars, and the
mountaineera of the lands conveyed would be just the
kind to make hardy foot-soldiers. Still it is pretty
clear from the licence to cut timber, granted on the
same day, that considerable additions to the Abbey
buildings were in contemplation at the time. It gave
the Abbot and his successors the right of taking timber
for the building and reasonable repairing of the Abbey
and its two granges, Tettebus and Bercaria, situated
next to the Abbey, and between it and Neath Castle,
in the woods of Glyntawy, Glynneath, and Glyndulais,
by the view and delivery of the Earls foresters. It is
worthy of notice that this licence is not recited in the
104 NOTES ON THE CHARTERS
coDfirmation-charter of Edward III which ooDfinns the
exchange. This is what we should expect if the ex-
change were made to meet the expense of extensive
buildings ; for the buildings having been erected, the
licence would no longer be required.
The chief lords of Glamorgan and their followers
were not the only benefactors of Neath Abbey. Very
soon after its foundation lands in Gower were granted
to it, as appears from the hispeximus of John de Mow-
bray, lord of Gower, dated 1334, confirming the char-
ters of Henry and William, Earls of Warwick, respect-
ively. By the earlier of these Henry grants and con-
firms to the Abbey the fishery of the Pulkanan, which
Banulf the hermit formerly held ; and the right of
fishing and taking fish with nets and any instruments
they might deem fit to use, between Pulkanan and
Tawe ; also the right to build a weir on the Tawe at
Glyntawe, from the Abbey lands on the east bank,
called Enysumwen, across to the Earls land on the
Gower side of the river. He further confirmed a gift
of Henry de Vilers, in the fee of Talabont, of a large
extent of land bounded by the Lougher, Lliw,^ and
their tributaries, together with the Chapel of St. Michael
of Camu, with all easements and common of pasture
throughout the whole fee. The witnesses to this char-
ter are Antonio, monachus ; Cadivor, sacerdos ; Will'
de Londinio, and many others. The second of these
has an unmistakably Welsh name.
By the later of the two charters Earl WiUiam con-
firms the former, and grants the monks exemption
from toll and all secular exactions in respect of buying
and selling throughout all his land. From it we
learn that dissensions had frequently arisen between
the Earl and the monks as to what was the boundary
between the lands of the latter and the lordship of
Kilvey, and that they had agreed to settle disputes once
for all by defining it by perambulation. They agreed
^ There is a mill on the Lliw which to this day is called Melin
Monach.
OF NEATH ABBEY. 105
that it began where the Crumlyn Brook entered the bog
of that name, then following the brook up to where it
crossed the road from Llansamlet, it wont along Eskeyr-
hyrayth (sic) towards the Abbey, then straight through
the wood to the well of St. Iltud, and from thence in
a straight line to Fonnondoym,^ and thence straight to
the brook called Gleys, along which it ran to the
Tawe. And inasmuch as they could not perambulate
the boundary through the Crumlyn Bog, they agreed
to take an imaginary line through the middle of the
brook, from the point where it entered the bog, down
to the sea, as a boundary-line for that part.
The boundary thus settled has continued to be the
recognised boundary to this day. The diflScult part of
it to determine is the course of the Crumlyn Brook
through the bog. Since the making of the Tennant
Canal, under an Act of 1827, that has become im-
possible from inspection, though doubtless maps are in
existence showing the course, before that date, for part
of the way. But the mouth of the brook seems early
to have been a movable point, for the boundary of
Neath Citra extends "to a well called Ffynnon-newydd,
alias Fynnon-rhydd-wern ; and so on to the said river,
south-west, to a place called Y Gareg-ddu-fach, where
the river Crymlyn did of old times fall into the sea"
It is interesting to note that in this charter we first
find the brook, which has always been part of the
ancient eastern boundary of Morgan wg, called by the
name by which it is now, and has been for centuries,
generally known. In the charters of De Granaville, in
the exchange of Adam of Carmarthen, and, indeed, in
the charter of Henry Earl of Warwick, which this con-
firms, the brook is called Pulkanan ; which name sur-
vives to this day, as applied to the pool into which the
brook now runs, near the top of the bog.
John de Mowbray not only confirms the two charters
above mentioned, but also other gifts and grants, and
^ Probably somo mineral spring, but I havo not been able to iden-
tify it.
106 NOTES ON THE CHARTERS
confirms certain liberties and privileges to the monks
in addition. He appears also, from the confirmation-
charter of Edward III, to have given the monks a
licence to hold in mortmain the lands and tenements
which Rees Vaughan ap Bees ap Hoel held of him in
Talabont, which lands are probably included in those
gifts of freeholders confirmed by the charter now under
consideration.
Seven years later than De Mowbray's charter, on the
13th Sept. 1341, Hugo le Despenser grants a similar
licence to the last to hold lands of Sir Ed. Strad-
ling of St. Donates, which the latter bestowed upon
them on the 20th October of the same year, by deed,
which is printed in Colonel Francis' collection. The
consideration was participation in spiritual offices and
anniversary obit. In the Valor EcclesiasticuSy taken
1535, we find this entry among the "annual rents paide
owte, — Mr. Harry S'tarling his obbyt xx5."
The two letters patent which conclude the recited
charters in the Inspexivius of Richard Earl of Warwick
and his wife (1468), throw an interesting light upon
the social surroundings of the Abbey. The first, dated
probably in the same year as the second (1429), though
no nearer date than 12th March *'in the year'' of tho
reign of Henry VI is given, is, like the latter, from
Richard Earl of Warwick. After reciting complaints
made to him by the Abbot that certain bailiffs and
officers of his, under various pretexts, were in the habit
of extorting moneys, etc., from the tenants of the
Abbey, and also of selling beer (** vendunt cervisiam et
tabe mas",— query, keeping taverns for the sale of
beer), to the wrong of the Abbot and his tenants, he
forbids these extortions for the future, and forbids the
selling of beer, wine, mead, or any other kind of drink,
under the penalty of a heavy fine.
The second of the letters patent recites extortions at
the hands of his tax-collectors, which for the future he
forbids. The Inspeximiis concludes by confirming the
recited deeds, charters, and grants to the Abbot, monks.
OP NEATH ABBEY. 107
and their successors, their tenants and servants, exemp-
tion from all kinds of gifts, aids, taxes, and **cymmorth-
as" whatsoever, through all his land for ever.
I have now dealt with all the charters and deeds
whereby property became vested or was confirmed in
the possession of, or exchanged by, the monks of Neath
Abbey, which are in Colonel Francis' collection.^ Before
concluding I have a few observations of a general
character to make upon the documents with which this
paper has been concerned, as distinguished from the
observations already made upon particular documents.
The first thing observable is the fact that in choosing
their site the monks acted in accordance with the prac-
tice of their Order, selecting a wild, sparsely populated
country rather than a crowded town. The Abbey of
Savigny, to which the lands of De Granaville were
given, was in 1148, by papal bull, constituted the im-
^ Since writing the above I have had an opportunity of looking
through vol. i of Mr. G. T. Clark's Charters, etc.. Relating to Olamor-
gan, jnst published. It contains a few documents not included in
Colonel Francis' book, bat none of any very great importance,
though all are worth examination, and, no doubt, will be commented
on by Mr. Clark in his second volume, the publication of which all
who care about the history of the county, and who have seen vol. i,
are awaiting with considerable interest.
One of these is a sort of deed for the perpetuation of testimony,
executed by Morgan ap Caradoc, wherein he states that thoagh at
one time the monks of Neath had no common of pasture on certain
mountain laud of his on the side of the Neath, and only the monks
of Margam had such right, he had, out of pity, since given the for-
mer the right over certain lands in the year 1205.
Another is a judgment of the county court at Cardiff in an action
between the Abbey and Leyson ap Morgan, which was decided in
favour of the latter, respecting certain land called Enesguachi, and
a diversion of the river Neath from its old bed.
But all these will be dealt with by Mr. Clark, and that being so
I shall not attempt any further observations thereon : in fact, had
I known, when I commenced my paper, that Mr. Clark was about
to bring out this work, I should not have attempted what I have
done, viz., to go over ground which to' me was new, but of which to
him every foot was already known, and to attempt to throw light
with old materials upon a dark period of history, the materials for
which he is acknowledged to be more familiar with than any living
man.
108 NOTES OK THE CHARTERS
mediate head of many Cistercian establishments ; but
there is nothing in these charters to show that the
Abbey of Neath was ever subject to that of Savigny ;
unlike, in that respect, other Abbeys, such as that of
St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin, or Buildwas, in Shropshire,
for instance. About the time when Neath was founded,
the Cistercian Order was in great repute, owing to a
great extent to the labours of St. Bernard, and their
establishments became very numerous in Europe. If
Neath Abbey was built at the time usually assigned to
its foundation, 1129 or the next year, it was the earliest
Cistercian institution introduced into Wales, that of
Whitland being probably the next.
The discipline of the Order for the first two hundred
years of its existence was severe. The members were
dressed in tunics of undyed wool with cowls, and were
generally known as White Monks ; and it is a strange
fact that in Neath charters they are never so described.
The monks observed strict silence, slept in beds of
straw, rose before daylight, and devoted themselves to
prayer, study, transcribing books, attendance on the
sick and aged, and to the labour necessary to produce
that vegetable food upon which alone they lived, and
for the ensuring of wnich without extraneous help it
was especially enjoined that the sites of their abbeys
should be so selected as to contain within their own
precincts water-supplies, mills, gardens, and other re-
sources for the requirements of the monks who did not
leave the cloister except for the purpose of labour.
The more arduous part of the manual work was usually
executed by the lay brothers of the Order. ^ In parti-
cular, the monks were great wool-growers; and the
attack of Morgan Gam in 1224, when he destroyed four
hundred of their sheep, affected them in one of their
tenderest places. It is probably to their skill as workers
in wool is due the reputation of the neighbourhood for
weaving woollen garments, which has survived almost
unbroken to this day.
* See Carl. St» Mary's, Dublin. Kolls Series.
OF NEATH ABBEY. 1 09
The importance of fish to them as an article of diet
is seen in the number of weirs they acquired from time
to time on the waters of the Neath, Tawe,and Crymlyn,
and on the sea-shore. Even when parting with so large
an extent of land as that conveyed by the exchange
with Gilbert de Clare in 1289, they are careful to except
out of the conveyance their fisheries and weirs, and the
easements thereto belonging, and to reserve rights of
way thereto, where the parting with their lands ren-
dered it necessary.
The observance of these rules secured for them, as
has already been remarked, the friendship of the Welsh
as well as of the Normans, which in both cases mani-
fested itself in liberal gifts at frequently recurring in-
tervals for the first two hundred years. It is probably
due to their neglect that we find the number and ex-
tent of the donations during the years which followed
steadily diminish, down to the Dissolution in 1535, when
Leyson Thomas, the last Abbot, and his monks Were
pensioned off with small annuities.
In these documents we see several instances of alter-
ations to meet the requirements of the law as changed
from time to time by statute ; for instance, in such an
apparently simple matter as the seal, a careful compa-
rison of the words used at the end of the deed of ex-
change with Sir William Barri, dated about 1220, and
those at the end of the Stradling obit, 1341, would
lead to the inference that some change of the law in
regard to sealing had taken place in the interval. In
the former the Abbot seals with his own seal ; in the
latter the Abbot seals with his own seal together with
the seal of the Convent. In the exemplification of the
temporalia of the Monastery, exemplified James 1, 1G04,
we find two instances of tenants holding by lease sealed
with the common seal of the A hhey.
In the Year-Book, 13 and 14 Edward III, p. 294
(a.d. 1339-40), an action of debt upon a bond against
the Abbot of Combe failed, amongst other grounds,
because it was not sealed with the common seal of
110 NOTES ON THE CHARTERS
the Abbey, and therefore did not bind the Abbey or
the Abbot who was the successor of the Abbot who
had sealed with his own and not with the common seal
of the Convent. The change in the law was effected
by 35 Edward I, Stat. I, c. 4 (1306-7), from which it
would appear that a deed purporting to bind the
house, and sealed with any other seal than the common
seal, was void. It was thereby also enacted that there
should be a common seal for religious houses, which
should be in the custody, not of the Abbot, but of the
Prior and four of the most worthy and discreet men of
the Convent, and be placed in safe keeping under the
Erivate seal of the Abbot, so that the head of the
ouse "per se contractum aliquem sen obligationem
nuUatenus possit firmare sicut hactenus facere consue-
vit."^ Another change in the law, brought about by
the Mortmain Act, is noticeable in the two licences to
hold in mortmain granted by John de Mowbray and
Hugh le Despenser.
An appropriate conclusion to this paper would appear
to be a note of the different modes of spelling what is
now spelt Neath. The changes are as follow: — (l),l 1 20,
foundation-charter, three times ** Nethe", once ** Neth";
(2), 1207-8, two confirmation-charters of John, always
•*Neth"; (3),1220,theBarri exchange,'* Neth''; (4),1145-
1231, Annals of Mar gam, "Neth ; (5), 1266, lease of
Bluntesmore, " Neth"; (6),1291, jTaaca^io of Pope Nicho-
las, once "Neht'', **Neyth'\ "Neeth", but oftenest,
"Neth"; (7), 1323, ministers' accounts,"Neeth"; (8),1334,
confirmation-charter of John de Mowbray, " Neeth"; (9),
1341, Stradling obit, " Neeth"; (10), 1394, Bull of Pope
Boniface, "Neeth"; (11), 1397, charter to burgesses of
Neath by Thomas le Despenser, "Neeth"; (12), 1421,
charter to burgesses of Neath by Richard Earl of Wor-
cester, ''NeatK' and "Neeth"; (13), 1423, charter to
burgesses of Neath by Isabella Countess of Worcester,
" Neath" and " Neeth"; (14), 1429, in the confirmation-
charter to the Abbey, given by Richard Earl of War-
^ See Year Book, 13 and 14 Edward III, introductory preface.
OF NEATH ABBEY. Ill
wick and Ann, we find it spelt in the confirming part
" Neeth"; and so it is spelt in all the recited documents
with the single exception of the recited exchange be-
tween Adam of Carmarthen and Gilbert de Clare,
where it is spelt " Neth". Strange to say, in the licence
to cut timber, though the parties and date are the
same, it is spelt " Neeth''. To sum up this matter. In
the earliest times the form in vogue was apparently
" Neth", later it. became " Neeth", and after the char-
ters of the Earl and Countess of Worcester, 1421-3, it
took the modern form of Neath.
David Lewis.
3, King's BeBcb Walk, Temple.
May 18, 1887.
CONFIRMATION-CHAKTER of EDWARD III.
lief erred to in Cal. Rot, Char.^ by mutaJte^ as a Netley Abbey Cluirter^
10 Edward III, Roll No, 131, w. 21.
" Edwardus Dei gf a Eex Angt &c. Archiepis etc. salutem. In-
speximus cartam confinnationis Domin Johannis quondam Regis
Angt in haec verba. Johannes Dei gratia etc. salutem. Sciatis nos
pro Dei amore et salute animeD nostriB et animarum omnium an-
tecessorum et haeredum nostrorum, concessisse et prsesenti carta
nostra confirmasse Deo et abbatiae de Neth et monachis de ordine
de Sauvenneie ibidem Deo servientibus, omnes terras et eccle-
sias molendina et forestas et omnes tenuras suas quas habent de
dono vel emptione vel commutatione sibi cartis suis confirma-
tas. Ex dono Ricardi de Grenvill totum vastum in bosco et
piano inter has quatuor aquas ; videlicet Thawi, et Cleudach, et
Neth, et Pulkanan, cum terra quae est inter rivulum crucis Con-
stanciae et Cleudach : capellam quoque castelli de Neth cum
omni deciraa procurationis domus suae in annona caeterisque
rebus et cum omni decima hominum terrae illius Francorum,
Anglorum et Walensium, et dimidiam partem totius piscarie
que eidem casteUo pertinet. Totam etiam feudam de Aissa cum
ecclesia et cum omnibus pertinentiis suis. Et molendinum de
Pendelin cum xxiij acris terre et mansura molendinarii, et mol-
tura Adae et hominum suorum. Villam quoque de Littleham
cum omnibus appendiciis ejusquam dederant Samsoni de All-
weia, in excambium pro terra sua de Kiltikar consessu Willi-
elmi comitis Gloucestriae et Willielmi filii Henrici et Johannis
Sori, quod excambium postea inter abbatem de Neth et Willi-
elmum filium praedicti Samson coram H. rege patre nostro de-
112 NOTES ON THE CHARTERS
terminatum fuit ; et ipsum feudum de Eiltikar cum ecclesia et
omnibus pertinentiis suis supradictis mouachis ab eodem rege
patre nostro in perpetuum confirmatum. Ex dono Robert!
comitis Glouc' terram de Ponte cum ecclesia quam tenuit Eadul-
fus heremita in elemosinam. Ex dono ejusdem comitis et Wil-
lielmi comitis filii ejus terram de Blakeskarra.
" Ex dono Willielmi praedicti comitis Gloucestriae totum wrec-
cum terree ipsorum. Ex dono ejusdem comitis mansionem unam
in villa de Kaerdiff. Ex dono Willielmi de Moion conoessu fili-
orum suorum Exefor3am et Cumbehietu cum omnibus pertinen-
tiis suis. Ex dono Henrici de Viliers, concessu domini sui
Henrici de Warewick grangiam de Lochor cum capella sancti
Michaelis et cum terra quae ad eandem grangiam pertinet. Ex
dono Mauricii de Londonia concessu filiorum suorum partem
terrae suae juxta Aissam. Ex dono Gileberti de Turbervill ex-
clusagium molendini de Kiltekar. Ex dono Resi filii Justini
concedentibus filiis suis Jorvered et Oen et Hoel, terram de
Sancto Ilith cum ecclesia et omnibus pertinentiis suis.
" Concedimus et confirmamus eisdem monachis ex dono nos-
tro primo dum essemus Comes Moretonii, Huntingeshill cum
pertinentiis et c. acras de mariscis proxiuias terrae eorum de
Brigeton. Et praeterea Turgehill cum pertinentiis suis. Ex dono
Lisandi fil. Morgan totam terram quam idem Morgan eis dedit
in perpetuam elemosinam inter Avene de Neth ; videlicet Port-
(a)wer, et inde usque ad Mare. Et sexaginta quoque acras
terrae arabilis proximas domibus suis ; et insuper totam insulam
illam quae est intra Magnam PuUam et totam terram ipsius in-
ter Avene et Thawi. Ex dono Walteri fil. Gileberti et fratrum
suorum terram de Barnotesdone cum pertinentiis suis. Ex dono
Thomae de Cornhely x acras terrae arabilis in feudo suo de Corn-
hely. Bx dono Galteri Burdun decem acras terrae in feudo de
Nova-villa. Ex dono Thomae de Saanford quitanciam ij. solido-
rum quos debebant ei reddere pro i acra terrae et una acra et
dimidia supra mare apud Blakescher. Ex dono Galfridi Thale-
bot totam terram suam de Nieulande cum pratis et pascuis et
omnibus aliis aisiamentis ad eandem terram pertinentibus. Ex
concessione et confirmatione Willielmi de Staner donum quod
frater suus Gervasius eis dedit ; videlicet totam terram quam
pater suus tenuit de feudo Radulfi fil. Willielmi inter ecclesiam
sancti Decumani et Kanesford. Ex dono Willielmi de Barri
xxx acras terrae de feudo suo in Guor. Ex dono Johannis de la
Mare totam terram quae fuit Osmundi Grossi quam mater sua
tenuit in dotem. Ex dono Thom Blancaquiel xl acras terrae
arabilis juxta Portumayn et insuper aisiamenta terrae suae in
aquis et viis, et semitis, et communione pasturae suae.
OF NEATH ABBEY. 113
'' Ex dono Rogeri et Kenewrec filiorum Wian totam terrain
quam pater eorum tenuit de Morgano filio Karadoci in marisco
de Avene. Ex dono eorundem communionem pascuarii totius
terrse eorum in bosco et piano et aisiamenta in aquis et viis et
ceteris necessariis. Ex dono Wgan Drojn viij acras terrse ara-
bilis de terra quae vocatur Lampeder in Cumtioch et duas acras
prati et communionem pasch' suor' et totam terram suam tam
apud Ruthin quam apud Cwmtioch venditione Johannis de
Grenehill, et Alienorse sponssB suse terram suam apud Sanctum
Augustinum, et cum dono lapidea quae in ea fundata est.
" Yolumus etiam sicut prsedictum est et firmiter prsecipimus
quod praedicta abbatia de Keth et monachi ejusdem loci et
omnes possessiones eorum sint in manu et custodia et protec*
tione nostra, et quod nulla eis injuria vel contumelia inferatur ;
sed si quis eis in aliquo forisfecerit plenaria eis sine dilatione
justicia fiat. Et prohibemus ne ipsi de aliquo dominico suo
ponantur in placitum unde habeant cartam nostram nisi coram
nobis vel coram justiciariis nostris capitalibus. Volumus etiam
et praecipimus quod equi et homines et omnes res eorum quas
homines sui poterunt affidare suas esse proprias sint quietae the-
loneo et passagio et pontagio et omni consuetudine per totam
terram nostram, et prohibemus super forisfactum x. 1. ne quis
eos inde injustfe disturbet. Hec omnia eis concessimus et con-
iirmavimus sicut cartae et literae patentes regis H. patris nostri
et cartae aliorum omnium tam donatorum quam confirmatorum
vel venditorum quas inde habent rationabiliter testantur. Quare
volumus etc. Dat. per manum H. de Well. arch, de Well, apud
Burbeche vi die Januarii anno regni nostri ix.
" Inspeximus quoddam scriptum indentatum factum in haec
verba, notum sit omnibus hoc scriptum Adsuris vel audituris
quod Ffrater Adam de Kaermerdyn permissione divind. Abbas
de Neth, assensu conventiis sui, concessit, dedit, et hoc presenti
scripto cirographato confirmavit Domino Gilberto de Clare,
Comiti Gloucest' et Hereford*, omnes terras et tenementa sua de
la Brittone, et partem terra' suar' de Assarto, per bundas et me-
tas posita^ ibidem in presently Comitis et Abbatis cum omnibus
suis pertinentiis. Et similiter omnes terras inter Neth et Tawy
per bundas subscriptas, videlicet per bundas de Neth usque
Dyveleys usque Haved Wennok sicut alta via se extendit usque
Rugho, et de Rugho usque Pantasser, et de Pantasser usque
Thloynmawr, et de Thloynmawr usque Cludach et sic supra
montem de Tawy usque Legh, et de Legh ex transverse mentis
usque Lantanedewen sicut se extendit in Pewerdyn, et de Pew-
erdyn usque Neth. Et insuper omnes terras suas et tenementa
de Kneigh cum omnibus suis pertinentiis per metas et bundas
5th bbr., tol. it. 8
114 NOTES ON THE CHARTERS
siibscriptas videlicet subter montem de Coitfranc usque ad oppo-
situm Capellse Sanctae Margaretse in longitudine subtus capellam
sicut Mora se dividit et terra uda et sicca, et de opposite Capellse
predictfiB ex transverso More usque Pulkanan linealiter, et de
Pulkanan descendendo usque mare, Salvis eidem Abbati et sue-
cessoribus suis piscariis et gurgitibus et aisiamentis ad predictas
piscarias et gurgites pertinentibus inter Abbatiam suam, et
mare et etiam parte su& in gurgite de Kithlibavit quae quidem
tenementa prsedictus Abbas prius tenuit in elemosin& de prae-
dicto Comite habend' et tenend' predicto Comiti heredibus et
assignatis de capitalibus Dominis feodi illius in puro eschambio
in perpetuum. Et pro hac concessione donatione et eschambio
idem Comes concessit dedit et hoc presenti scripto cirographato
confirmavit eidem Abbati et Conventui in puro eschambio cen-
tum libratas annul et sicci redditdis de certis tenentibus certa
tenementa tenentibus in locis subscriptis percipiend*. Videlicet
de redditu Burgi de Neth cxiiijs. iiijd. ob. de redditu Burgi de
Coubrugg £xiiij xija. vijrf. ob. de redditu manerii de Lamblethian
f xxiij vs. vijd. qr. de redditu manerii de Laniltavit £xxv xvijs.
ob. qr. de redditu Burgi de Kaerdif £xx iijs. de redditu Burgi
de Kaerlion £x. vijs. iiijd. Salvis tamen predicto Comiti et here-
dibus suis homagiis wardis releviis eschaetis et aliis servitiis et
proficuis hominum, reddituum praedictorum, praedicto Abbati et
successoribus suis reddentium domini et liceat praedicto Abbati
et successoribus suis distringere in ten' unde redditus ille est
perveniens in quorumcunque manibus temporibus futuris deve-
nient usque ad plenam solutionem predicti redditus si quid inde
k retro fuerit, habend' et tenend' eidem Abbati et successoribus
suis et Conventui loci ejusdem de praedicto Comite in puro es-
chambio et in elemosynft sicut prius tenuit tenementa quae dedit
praedicto Comiti in eschambio quousque Comes, vel heredes sui
providerint praedicto Abbati et successoribus suis, in re equiva-
lenti, ut in terr&, redditu, vel utroque, facta autem provisione
predict^ predictus redditus cum omnibus suis pertinentiis inte-
gre et sine contradictione dictorum Abbatis et Conventtls prae-
dicto Comiti et heredibus suis quiete revertat. In cujus rei
testimonium parti presentis scripti chirographati penes praedic-
tos Abbatem et Conventum remanenti, praedictus Comes sigil-'
lum suuni apposuit, et parti ejusdem scripti penes praedictum
Comitem remanenti praedicti Abbas et Conventus sigillum capi-
tuli sui apposuerunt. Hiis testibus Dominis, Johanne de Boys,
Johanne de Bello Campo fratre Comitis Warwik, Gilberto de
Thornton, Johanne de Crepping tunc Vic'de Glamorgan, Eoberto
le Veel, Johanne de Umfravill, Johanne le Norreys, Eicardo le
Flemeng, Johanne le Walleys, Willmo. de Sancto Johanne, Wil-
liam de Wyncestr' Phillip de Nerberd, Eadulpho Bluet, Eoberto
OF NEATH ABBEY. 115
de Gamages, Eicardo de la More, Militibus, Ada de Blechinglee,
Simone de Hegham, clericis, Eoberto Bardolf, Eogero de la Gar-
ston, et multis aliis. Dat' apiid Usk tertio decimo die Aprilis
Anno Gratise millesimo ducentesimo octogesimo nono."
"Nos autem donationes concessiones confirmationes et Es-
chambium predict' necnon donationem concessionem et confir-
mationem quas Will's le Zouche D'ns de Glamorgan et Mor-
gan wg et Alianora consors sua fecerunt per cartam suam Deo et
ecclesise de Marie de Neth et raonachis ibidem deo servientibus
de uno burgagio in marisco de Neeth quod vocatur Smale Walles
cum advocatione ecclesise beati Iltuti ejusdem villse una cum
capella et omnibus aliis suis pertinentiis habend' et tenend'
praedictis monachis et eorum successoribus in perpetuum con-
cessione' eadem quam prefati Williemus et Alianora fecerunt
per scriptum suum prefatis monachis quod ipsi etiam ecclesiam
beati Iltuti cum capell^ et aliis pertinentiis suis appropriare
possint et ipsam appropriatam in proprios usus tenere in per-
petuum. Donationem insuper concessionem et confirmationem
quas Joh'es de Moubray D*ns de Gouheria fecit per cartam suam
prefatis monachis de licentia adquirendi et in manu mortu& reci-
piendi omnes terras et tenementa cum pertinentiis qiie Eesus ap
Vaughan ap Eees ap Howel de ipso tenuit in Talbont in Gouher*
simul cum advocatione Ecclesiae ejusdem villae habend'et tenend'
predictis monachis et eorum successoribus in perpetuum ita quod
iidem monachi ecclesiam predictam appropriare possint et earn
sicut appropriatam tenere in forma prescripta rata habentes et
grata ea pro nobis et heredibus nostris quantum in nobis est
dilectis nobis in Christo nunc Abbati et monachis loci predicti et
eorum successoribus in perpetuum concedimus et confirmamus
sicut carta et scripta predicta rationabiliter testantur et prout
ipsi et eorum successores terras tenementa redditus ecclesias
capellas et advocationes predictas cum pertinentiis hactenus
rationabiliter tenuerunt et libertatibus predictis usi rationabili-
ter et gavisi. Hiis testibus venerabilibus prioribus Joh'e Can-
tuar' archiep'o totius Anglise Primate Cancellario nostro Hen*
Ep'o Lincoln' Thesaurario n'ro Stephano Ep'o Lond' Joh'e
Com' Camb' fratre nostro carissimo Will's de Zouche Eob'to de
Ufford et aUis.
" Dat' p' manum n'ram apud Oakham" (8th April).
8»
UNEESTORED CHUHCHES.
(Contimudfromp. 29.)
Llangynning Church is said by Lewis, in his Topo-
graphical Dictionary, to be dedicated to St. Cynin, but
bethinkiug himself there might not be a saint bo named
in the Welsh hagiologies, he next assumes the place
may have derived its name from the Cynin brook, on
■which it is supposed to be situated. As it is nearly
two miles from the brook in question, and separated
from it by high ground, neither of the two essays at
the derivation of the name can be considered a good
one, Welsh derivations are delicate ground to venture
upon at the best of times, and for any one not tho-
roughly informed, silence upon this point is preferable
DNEESTOBBD CHURCHES. 117
to tbe indulgence of a guess which may call forth the
merited rebuke of the learned.
Of the church itself there ia not much to be said
beyond the fact that it is either a double nave, or a
Dave and equal-sized aisle, divided by an arcade, and
a small chapel giving off on the northern side. The
church has been " done up" lately, for such work cannot
be called restoration in any sense. The interior plaster-
ing of walls and ceiling is very defective, and falUng
in large patches, to tlie no slight danger of those
below.
Standing in the niche of the holy water stoup I found
the small sculptured e£Bgy of a pilgrim habited in his
sclavine, which is worn somewhat open at the neck.
He has also scrip and bourdon. The figure is much
mutilated ; the face especially so. No features are dis-
tinguishable ; but there are sufficient indications left to
show that the hair was worn in the clubbed fashion of
the time of Henry VII, and I think a beard. The hat
also is worn ; but the feet and hands are gone. As
such figures are rarities, in my experience at least, I
have given a sketch of so much of him as remains, and
cannot do better than refer inquirers for further parti-
culars concerning pilgrims to Mr. Bloxam's able paper
118 UNRESTOEED CHUBCHES.
in the ArchcBologia Cambrensis for 1883. Nothing is
known of the effigy beyond the finding of it in a heap
of stones either in or near the church.
One of the jamb-stones of the south door bears traces
of what I believe to have been an original inscription ;
but the stone was reduced in size, and chamfered on
the angle by the mason who built the fourteenth cen-
tury doorway of which it forms a part, and only two or
three letters can be made out.
Several stones, which for want of a better name I
am in the habit of calling "sharpening stones", are built
into the external angles of the northern chapel. As
they are from the softer beds of the old red sandstone,
they have evidently served this purpose admirably,
and for a long series of years. They bear traces not
only of the broad, sweeping surfaces which a bladed
weapon would produce, but also of the action of pointed
tooLs or arrows. Such stones may frequently be ob-
served in the churches of country districts, and I am
disposed to think they are evidence of a period when
every man carried a weapon, and utilised the time
before and between Mass to put a keener edge upon it
by means of these stones.
The tower of this church is a good example of those
80 characteristic of the district, well proportioned, and
rising from a stringcourse which separates the splayed
base from the slightly tapering shaft of the tower
itself, and is surmounted by a battlemented parapet
supported on a projecting corbel-table. The string-
course above noted is carried over the arch of the west
door as a hood-mold, with a relieving arch outside that.
The inside of the tower is sadly neglected. Such frag-
ments of the floors as remain are rotten and unsafe,
and at the belfry-stage the floor has fallen. There is
but one bell, on which an inscription records the fact
that it was " recast for the parish of Llanginning by
W. Willshire, 1810'', since which time nothing appears
to have been done for it. As there is only a damaged
wheel, and no bell-ropes, the bell is rung by means of
UNRESTORED CHURCH ES. 119
a long hooked stick hitched round the clapper^ and
pulled against the side of the bell. This very ingenious
process is not unattended with danger, as the slippery
edge of a dark turret-stair, and a yawning abyss below,
sufficiently testify-
CRONWARE CHURCH.
Of this church there is nothing to be said beyond
describing it as entirely rebuilt, with the exception of
the tower, and that has been pointed and otherwise
furbished up. All the work is good enough of its kind,
but utterly devoid of interest to the antiquary ; and
as my notes and memoranda are principally addressed
to the latter, who, like myself, may ramble through
new country, map in hand, in search of old churches, I
mention this place only as a caution to him against a
useless journey.
The church is said to be dedicated to St. Elidyr, and
has the somewhat unusual features, for a rural church,
of north and south transeptal chapels. It stands in
the midst of a large field, away from any public road,
and one wonders by what process the land around such
' an edifice became private property.
ABERNANT CHURCH.
This quaint little country church can hardly be
classed amongst the unrestored ones, inasmuch as "Lu-
dovicus Davidem", good, pious soul, almost rebuilt it in
1706, and in the process infused so much of the charac-
ter of his own time into the work he did, that one is
induced to pardon the anachronism of architectural de-
tail of the time of Queen Anne associated with such
fourteenth century Gothic features as remained, in con-
sideration of his evident honesty of purpose, and the
thoroughness with which it has been done.
The church is a very modest little structure, consist-
ing of a nave and chancel only ; the former having a
UNRE3T0BED CHUECHEii.
western porch added recently ; and what is utiusual in
Welsh rural chui-ches, it has buttresses to strengthen
the walls on either side. The windows of the nave are
recent ; but that lighting the chancel on the north is a
single-light, fourteenth century window with cusped
head ; and the priest's door, on the opposite side, is of
the same date, as is also the chancel-arch. On the
north side of the latter is the newel-stair which led up
^U}))J^^
to the roodloft, and on the other side of the arch is a
small squint. The arched openings in the bell-gablet
UNRESTORED CHURCHES.
121
are formed by overlapping slabs of stone ; and there is
but one bell, which I could not get at to read the in-
scription. The whole surface of the church, inside and
out, has been regularly whitewashed for many years.
The roof of the nave bears the date 1706, and an in-
scription painted on the wii^d-beam, which tells the
story of its rebuilding in the following words :
" Take heed now for y* Lord hath chosen thee
to bnild an hons for y* Sanctuary : be strong and do it.
" Y* workmen wrought and y* work was perfed by them
and they set np y* hons of God in his state and strengthened it."
"W. L. and L. £. Ghnrch Wardens. Lndovicns Davidem me
fecit."
X
When looking at the substantiality and character of
the work, one cannot but exclaim, Well done, Ludovi-
cus Davidem ! who in a corrupt and backsliding age,
when greed of gain was but too common an attendant
upon Church preferments, should have spent your
means thus worthily in re-edifying the house of God
during your stewardship. The pride with which you
have chronicled the fact may well be pardoned in con-
sideration of the benefit conferred.
The screen separating the chancel from the nave
bears the date 1 727, with the initials E. D. and I. E.
on either side of it. The church is said to be dedicated
to St. Lucia, and I am disposed to think this must be
a rededication imposed upon and superseding the older
122 WELSH ROYALIST COMPOUNDERS
one to some Welsh saint, which one would naturally
expect to find where the name of the parish begins
with "Aber".
I believe Roman coins as well as a Roman urn have
been found in this parish, near Pant-y-Wendy ; and it
is probable the road from Maridunum westward to
Menapia passed through it.
G. £). R.
LIST OF WELSH ROYALISTS WHO COM-
POUNDED FOR THEIR ESTATES IN
THE TIME OF CROMWELL.
The following list is taken from a rare book entitled
A Catalogue of the Lords ^ Knights y and Gentlemen that
have Compounded for their Estates, It was first printed
in London, for Thomas Dring, in 1665, and afterwards
republished in Chester by R. Adams in the year 1733.
It has some historical importance, for those who have
written the history of this time are not agreed on the
amount demanded from the unfortunate Royalists
when Cromwell had crushed down all opposition, and
virtually ascended the throne. It is commonly said
that they were obliged to pay one-tenth of their esti-
mated income ; but this is certainly much below the
real amount. Messrs. Cordery and Phillpotts, in their
work entitled King and Commonwealth , state that " in
order to provide funds for the war. Cavaliers who had
hitherto escaped were hunted out, and forced to com-
pound. In 1651 seventy Cavaliers had all their lands
and goods confiscated; in 1652, the year after the
battle of Worcester, twenty-nine suffered in the same
manner, while six hundred and eighty-two had to pay
to the republic one-third part of the value of their
lands and goods." It is added that ** too often estates
were confiscated, and fines imposed with gross injus-
IN THE TIME OF CROMWELL. 123
tice, and the Commonwealth men grew rich on spoils
unfairly wrung from their prostrate enemies." (K. and
C.J p. 308.) Cromwell had divided the land into
eleven districts, and over each district he placed a
Major-General, who had absolute, despotic power. Com-
mittees were appointed in each county for the purpose
of making assessments or confiscations; and sometimes,
if we may judge from this catalogue, the amount de-
manded was in proportion to the supposed "malig-
nancy" of their victims, or from other motives. Lord
Faconberge (as the name is spelt) paid £5,012 185.;
but Charles Fairfax, of Waltingham, Norf., only £15.
In Wales, Sir George Vaughan was fined to the extent
of £2,609, for he had been active in the King's cause ;
but Henry Somerset paid only £35. It is difficult to
believe that there was a corresponding difference in the
value of their estates.
There is no reason to doubt the accuracy of the
return ; but it does not represent the whole of the
levies made upon the Cavaliers. It represents only the
amounts acknowledged by the county committees, and
paid into the national treasury. But the unfortunate
lloyalists were plundered to a much larger extent. The
members of the committees enriched themselves at the
expense of their victims. According to the Catalogue
these were about 3,400 in number, and the sums paid
into the treasury as fines amounted to £1,305,299
is. 7d. This large amount, however, is only the extent
of the levies up to the year 1655 ; but Cromwell and
the system which he introduced lived three years
more, and Charles II was not restored until 1660. Nor
does the Catalogue state the fiiU extent of the levies
even up to 1655. In an Appendix to the reprint in
1733 it is stated that "Henry Bunbury, of Bun bury in
Cheshire, had his whole estate sequestered for five
years, and he all that time kept in gaol at Namptwich.
They allowed him but the fifth part of the profit of his
estate, though he had then ten children. He was
damaged by sequestration and plundering more than
124 WELSH ROYALIST COMPOUNDERS
£10,000 ; besides he had a very good hall-house at
Hool (near Preston) burnt to the ground." Of Sir
Amos Meredith, of Powderham Castle, Devon, who
raised a troop of horse for the King, it is said that "he
was many years sequestered, sufered long imprison-
ment, and was at last driven out of England, after they
had stript him of all his estate, within doors and with-
out, to the value of £20,000."
It is worthy of notice that Wales suffered in these
exactions much less than England. The levies in
Wales were upon ninety-two persons, to the extent of
£30,509 : 6 : 1, and some of the victims were appa-
rently Englishmen. As the population of England, in
the middle of the seventeenui century, was estimated
at five millions and a half, it is impossible to suppose
that it was more than ten times the population of
Wales ; but the assessment is nearly fifty times as
great. It may be said that as Anglesey and the western
part of Wales were not at all, or only slightly, affected
by the levies, they do not measure the amount of sup-
port given to the King's cause in Wales ; but after
making due allowance for this fact, it seems certain
that though the King had some enthusiastic followers
in Wales, yet the majority of the gentry did not ap-
prove the arbitrary acts of Charles and Archbishop
Laud, and were either opposed to them or neutral in
the strife.
LIST OF WELSH GENTLEMEN WHO COMPOUNDED FOR THEIR
ESTATES IN THE TIME OF CROMWELL.
£ t. cL
Awbry, Sir John, of Llantryched,' Glamor., Ent., settled
£26 per annnm ..... 410 18 4
Broaghton, William, Bersbam, Denbigh . 90
Bronghton, Bobert, of Streefcly, Denbigh* . . 76
1 In Phillips* CivU War in Wales (2nd ed., p. 303), mention is
made of Sir John Anbrey of Llantrithyd, in Glamorganshire. He
married Maria, daughter of Sir Richard South of London.
^ The BronghtoQS were of Bronghton in Wrexham.
IN THE TIME OF CROMWELL.
Button^ Miles, Sir Nicliolas, of Glamor.
Chambers, Charles, of Henlon, Denb., Gent.
Crowther, Bryant, Knighton, Radnor^
Cum, Edward, of Ewenty,* Glamor., Esq.
Dolben, John, of Segroit, Denb., Gent.
Davies, Robert, of Gnisanny,^ Flints., Esq.
Daines, Thomas, of the same, Gent.
Dntton, Richard, of Kenny wem,^ Denb., Esq.
Eaton, Gerard, and Kenrick his son, of Eaton, com
Denbigh, Gent.
Edwards, Evan, of Mould, Flintshire, Esq.
Ellis, Robert, of Rnabon, Denbighshire, Esq.
Evans, Robert, of Krickheth, Salop, Gent.
Evans, Edward, of Triddleborongh, Mon.
Eyton, John, Junior, of Leeswood, Flints., Gent.
Eyton, John, Senior, of Dring, Flints.
Griffith, Matth.,^ of London, Dr. Divin.
125
jB
1. d.
3
6 8
170
821
. 866
. 107
. 645
11 4
61
. 186
9n, com
•
! 457
•
. 167
•
. 160
•
. 120
•
48
mt.
42
•
. 172
15
■
87
^ Miles Button was the eldest son of Admiral Sir Thomas Button
of St. Nicholas, Glamorganshire, and obtained the estate of Cottrell
on his marriage with Barbara Meyrick. {Arch, Camh.j 4th Series,
vol. iii, p. 228.)
' The name of Brian Crowther occurs as Sheriff for Radnorshire
in 1639 and in 1646. The family of Crowder appears to have been
settled at Knighton for many prior generations. Lewys Dwnn
brings the pedigree down to Brian, the father, who died in 1634.
At this, or a subsequent, period the family was owner of Street
Court, Herefordshire. (See Her. Visitations of Wales, vol. i, p. 269.)
' This name ought to be Came. In the passage quoted p. 124, n.,
Mr. Came of Ewenny is mentioned with Sir John Aubrey. At first
they were not in favour of the King's cause ; but afterwards, like
Lord Falkland, they must have adopted it. (See GeneaL of Morgan
and Glamorgan, p. 377.)
* An important Welsh family in past years. In the Arch, Camh,,
4th Ser., vol. xii, p. 202, there is a letter from the first Earl of
Bridgewater " To the right Worp'll my very loving Cosen Robert
Davies, Esq., at Gwysanny." He may have been a relation of the
Earl, for his mother was a niece of the Countess of Ellesmero, wife
of Thomas Egerton, Lord EUesmere, Lord Chancellor of England in
the reign of James I. The family is now represented by Philip
Bryan Davies Cooke, of Owston, near Doncaster, and Gwysaney,
Flintshire.
^ Cefn-y-Wern in Chirk parish.
® This Matthew Griffith was the author of a religious treatise
called Bethel, or a Forme for Families, published in 1633. It treats
of family ties and family duties. I have a copy of the book, which
is very sound and practical. This copy once belonged to Charles I,
who appears to have read the book.
£ M.
d.
113 13
6
170
1
1370
31 10
318
105
333 10
9
397
380 10
166 11
4
144
1050
20
389
126 WELSH ROYALIST COMPOUNDERS
Griffith, Peter, of Carnvy," Flintafa., Esq.
Griffith, Edward, of Henllan, Denb., G«nt.
Griffith, William, of Penleech, Camar.
Hanmer, Wil., of Fenshall," Flints., Esq.
Haghes, Charles, of Mat hern, Monm.
Herbert, Francis, of Dolgiog,' Montgo.
Haghes, Tho., in Lanvetherin, in Men.
Hnghes, Humphrey, of Werkleys, Merioneth, Esq.
Herbert,* John, of Crickhoel, Brecon .
Jefferyes,^ John, of Aberomrick, Brecon, Esq.
Jones, John, of Halkin, Flints., Gent.
Jones,^ Richard, of Treweme, Radnor, Esq.
Jones, Sir Philip, of Tree-Owen, Monmouthshire, and
William his son .....
Jones, James, of Llanvihangle-Llanternam-Manor, Gent. 20
Jones, John, of Namcrosse,^ Cardigan, Esq.
^ Caerwys.
' In The Cambrian Magazine^ vol. ii, p. 171, it is said that this
William Hanmer was *' of Fens, a mansion not far distant from
Hanmer and Bettis6eld, and descended from ^ junior branch of the
same stock (Sir John Hanmer). All the Hanmers, excepting those
of Pentre Pant, are descended from Owen Gwynedd, Prince of
North Wales, and maternally from Gwenynwyn, Prince of Powys."
William Hanmer was one of those who were deemed fit and quali-
fied to be Knights of the Royal Oak, and his estate was estimated
to be worth £1,500 a year.
^ This gentleman was descended from a younger branch of the
family of the Earls of Powis. In the Montgomery Collections, vol. vi,
pp. 198-202, much interesting information is given concerning him.
The present Earl of Powis is a descendant of this Francis Herbert,
whose son Richard married Florence, daughter of Richard, second
Lord Herbert of Chirbury. The title then has come to the younger
branch. The name of the place is sometimes written Dolgeog. The
descent of the present Earl is, as the heralds say, on the distaff
side. In 1800 the title became extinct ; but it was revived in favour
of the brother-in-law of the deceased Earl, Lord Clive.
* Sheriff for Brecknockshire in 1634. See Jones' History o/Breeh'
nochy vol. ii, p. 457.
^ This gentleman appears as one of the Knights of the Royal
Oak. His income was estimated, in 1660, at £600 a year, accord-
ing to a MS. of Peter le Neve. (Camb. Mag., ii, p. 165.) See the
pedigree of John Jeffreys of Abercynrig (Jones' History of Breck-
nock, vol. ii, p. 118).
• In the township of that name, part of the parish of Llanvihan-
gel Nantmellan ; M.P. for the county of Radnor, 3 Charles I, 1628 ;
for Radnor Town, 15 Charles, 1640. A descendant, Colonel James
Jones, is said to have lost an arm at the battle of Blenheim.
7 In the list of persons fit and qualified to be Knights of the
£ a.
an, Knt. 3500
. 80
1. . 520
. 470
d
.' 140
. 130
. 64 10
. 1033
. 76 10
IN THE TIME OF CROMWELL. 127
Kenns^ (P), Sir Gh., of Kevenmably, Glamorgan, Ent.
liloyd, Howell, of NantinoU,* Radnor .
Lloid, Edward, of Trevnant, Montgomery, Esq.
Lloyd, Sir Edward, of Berthlloy,* Monnt.
Lloyd, John, of Llangendier,^ Carmarthen
Lloyd, John, of Crinvin,^ Cardig., Esq.
Lloyd, Hnmp., of Bersham, Denb., Gent.
Lloyd, Edward, of Herieth,« Flints., Gent.
Lloyd, Sir Francis, of Caermarthen,^ Kt.
Lloyd,* Hngh, of Gnardyanny, Radnor
Royal Oak, connected with Cardiganshire, appears the name of
John Jones, Esq. ; but he is described as being of Nant Eos (the
Nightingale's Valley). Is it possible that Nant Eos can be cor-
rupted into Namcrosse ? The income of John Jones of Nant Eos
was estimated at £800 a year.
^ Sir Charles Kemeys, M.P. for Glamorganshire, married, first,
Blanche, daughter of Sir Lewis Mansel, Bart. ; 2, Mary, daughter
and coh. of William Lewis of Van and Boarstall, and widow of Sir
John Awbrey; 3, Margaret, daughter of Sir George Whitmore,
Lord Mayor of London, 1631-32. Sir Charles was High Sheriff of
the county in 1642. He held Pembroke Castle for the King. On
its fall, in 1648, he was fined £3,500, and exiled for two years.
(Olam, OeneaLf G. T. C, p. 414.)
^ A mistake for Nantmel.
' The Lloyds of Berthllwyd were an ancient and honourable
family. Their seat was about a mile from the town of Llanidloes,
of which they claimed to be lords of the manor. The present Lord
Mostyn represents the Sir Edward Lloyd of our list ; but Berthlloyd
does not now belong io this family. For an account of it see MoriL
Coll., vii, p. 52 ; viii, p. 189.
* Of Llangeney (fcJt. Cenau). See Jones' History of Brecknock,,
vol. ii, p. 469.
^ It IS probable that this is the place marked in Speed's map of
the county as Yspittye Kinwen, on the left bank of the river Rydal.
* Hodie Hartsheath.
7 Sir Francis Lloyd of Caermarthen had been Controller of the
King's house. He held a commission on the King's side during the
civil war. (Pbillips, Civil War in Wales, pp. 209, 347.)
8 The name of Hugh Lloyd of Caerfagu occurs as Sheriff for
Radnorshire in 1643 and 1644 See the pedigree of the family,
** Carthfagu, Nanmel", Her, Vis. of Wales, vol. i, p. 259. In obedi*
ence to the King's commands he, as Sheriff, and Captain Charles
Price, Member for the county, executed the Commission of Array :
the trainbands were mustered and secured for the King ; for which
service they incurred the censure of the Parliament, and Price was
expelled the House. {2^he Civil War in Herefordshire, Webb, vol. i,
p. 186.)
128
WELSH ROYALIST COMPOUNDERS
Lloyd, Bees, of Llangerrig, ^ Monntgom.
Lloyd, Walter, of Llanvair,* Cardigan, Esq.
Manly, Francis, of Erbistock, Denb., Gent.
Madox, John, of Wrexham, Denbigli .
Morgan, Sir Edw., of Pencoed,' Mon.
Mansell, Henry, of Llandewy,* Glamorgan, Esq.
Mostyn, Roger, of Mostyn,^ Flints., Esq.
Midleton, Henry, of Llanarthny,^ Carmarthen, Gent.
Mathew, Humphry, of Castle Menith,^ Glamorgans.
Esq. .....
Morgan, Lewis, of Langeny,^ Brecknocks.
Owens, Morgan, late Bishop of Llandaff, per Morgan
Owen, his heir, with 50/. per annum settled
Proger, Charles, of Wernd,* Monm., Esq.
Philips, Edward, of Worthenbury, Flints.
Parry, Robert, of Lleweny, Denb., Gent.
Pretty, William, of Guerny-clep,^° Monm.
Pickering, Francis, of Holt, Denb., Gent.
Pennant, David, of Bigton,^^ Flints., Gent.
Pennant, Robert, of Whitford, Flints.
Pnlford, Thomas, of Wrexham, Denbighshire, Gent.
£
11
1003
75
96
1007
193
852
120
8. d.
9
8 15
330
24
28
126 15
222
42 14
298
69
U
8
1397 6 8
9
^ Mention is made of a Rhys Lloyd (of Clochfaen in) Llangnrig,
an ancestor of this gentleman, in ISoni, Ooll,y iii, p. 236.
' This place, now called Llanvair Orllwyn, is near Llandyssil, in
the southern part of the county.
* In Speed's map of the county, Penneooyd. It is in the hundred
of Caldecot.
^ This was tbe seat of the elder branch of the Mansel or Mansell
family, and is now called Llanvair Brefi. Dr. Francis Mansel, Prin-
cipal of Jesus College, Oxford (elected in 1620), was of this family ;
and also, I believe, the late Dean of St. Paul's, Henry Longueville
Mansel. (See Cambrian Register, ii, p. 252.)
^ For an account of this place and the Mostyn family, see Pen-
nant's Tours in Wales, i, p. 12.
* Probably Llanarthney on the river Towy.
7 In Speed's map of the county, Castle Meneche. It is about ^yq
miles from Whitchurch.
* Now written Llangenny, near Crickhowell.
* The place called Warnde in Speed's map of the county. It is
near Abergavenny.
^^ In Speed's map this place is written Gewarnea-clepa. It is
about two miles west of Tredegar.
^^ This gentleman was an ancestor of the well-known antiquary
and zoologist, Thomas Pennant. Their seat is now called Downing;
but as the antiquary himself informs us, it was originally called
Brychton or Tre Brychton. {Tours in Wales, i, p. 20.)
IN THE TIME OF OHOMWELL.
Prober, Henry, Esq., and Sir George his son, of Pant-
glass,^ Monmouth
Price, William, of Rhales,* Merioneth
Boyden, John, of Escoyd," Denb., Gent.
Roberts, Hngh, of Ecclesiam,^ Denbighs., Gent.
Smith, Ralph, of Heath, Denbighs., Gent.
Somerset, Henry, of Thelexgrang, Mon.
Salisbury, William, and Charles his son, of Buckhym
tid,° Denbighs., gent.
Sutton, Ellis, of Gwersilt, Denbighs., Gent. .
Stepney, Sir John, of Prendergast,* Pembrokeshire
with 972. per annum settled
Stradling, Thomas,^ St Bride's, Glam., Esq. .
Thomas, William, ' of Swanzey, Glamor., Esq., with
45/. per annum settled
Thomas, Walter, of Swanzey, Glamor., Esq. .
Thomas, Sir Edward, of Pethouce,* Glam.
Tannat, Rees, Aber Tennat,^^ Sol.
Tooly, John, of Amoldshil, Pemb.
Thomas, Lewis, of Peters ton, Monmouths., Gent.
129
«. d.
. 133
. 200
. 90
. 126
90
. 35
. 781
. 75
! 270
77 12
6
. 393
. 313
. 2195
. 85
52
. 126
^ Probably the village called Penclape in Speed's map of the
county. It is about six miles south of Monmouth.
' Rhiwlas, near Bala.
* Iscoed Park, in the parish of Malpas, but co. of Flint.
* Of Hafod y bwch, in the manor of Esclnsham.
* Bachymbyd (Bachinbid, Speed), near Ruthin. It is not very
far from Lie wen ny, the ancient seat of the Salisbury family. Wil-
liam Salisbury was a colonel in the King's army. (Phillips, p. 128.)
Charles was one of those who were deemed fit to be the Knights of
the Royal Oak. (Camb. Mag,^ ii, p. 166.)
* This place is written Prendergest in Speed's map of Pembroke-
shire. It is near Hayierfordwest.
^ Probably Thomas, the younger brother of Sir Edward Strad-
ling, and a lieutenant-colonel at the battle of Edge Hill.
' William Thomas, of Danygraig, married Catherine, daughter of
Arthur Mansell of Briton Ferry. Hopkin Thomas, his brother and
heir, dying b. p,^ left Danygraig to his mother's brother, Bnssy Man-
sell, from whom it came eventually to the Earls of Jersey. {Olam,
Qenedl,f p. 191.)
* Probably Bettus Chaple, as the name is written in Speed's
map. It is not far from Aberavon.
^^ The Tanat family, of Abertanat, was a highly respectable
family. The name was taken from the river Tanat, which flows into
the Vyrnwy, an affluent of the Severn. Thomas Tanat, of this
family, was Sheriff of Montgomeryshire in 1570. (Mont, Golhy ii,
p. 193.)
5tu 8£r.. vol. it.
9
130
WELSH ROYALIST COMPOUNDERS, ETC.
Thomas, John, of Merthir, Glamor., Gent.
Thomas, Robert, of Cowbridge, Glamor.
Thomas, Sir William, of Carnarvan, Kt.
Vaaghan, Edward, of Old Castle, Mon.
Yaughan, John, of Henlan, Denbigh .
Yanghan, John, of Llanely, Carmarthen
Yanghan, Sir George, of Penbrey, ^ Carm.
Williams, William, of Mothry,* Carmarth.
Whiteley, Thomas, of Ashton,' Flintshire
Wynn, Hugh, of Llanroost,* Denbighshire, Gent.
Williams, Roger, of Kenhily, Monm., Gent.
Williams, John, of the Parke, ■ Brecon, Gent.
Williams, John, of LlaniGdd,* Denbighs., Gent.
JB t.
d.
140 10
8 6
8
646 13
4
20
52 8
227 13
4
2609
102
125
63 13
206 8
60 18
60
4
^ The Yanghans of Carmarthenshire were related to the Earls of
Carbery. They were strongly in favour of the King. (Phillips,
p. 105.)
^ Probably Mothvey, near Llandovery, is meant.
^ Aston Hall in Ha warden parish.
* For farther information about the Wynns of Llanrwst, see Pen-
nant's Tours in Wales, ii, p. 311.
^ Of Pare ar Irvon, near Builth. (Jones' Hist of Brecknock,
vol. ii, p. 260.)
^ In the western part of the county, about six miles west of Den-
bigh.
John Davies,
Page 124, line 12, for £30,509 : 6 : 1, read £30,410 : 12 : 9.
131
LLYFR SILIN
YN CYNNWYS ACHAU AMRYW DEULUOEDD
YN NGWYNEDD, POWYS, ETC.
(Continued from p, 73.)
GLAN Y LLYN.
Edward Vaughan, Esq., fab Howel ap John ap John
ap Howel Vychan ap Dafydd Llwyd ap Dafydd ap
leuan fychan ap GrufFydd ap leuan ap Gruffydd ap
Madoc ap lorwerth ap Madoc ap Ririd Flaidd.
Gwraig Edward Vaughan y w Mary verch ac etifeddes
John Pursel o Nantcriba ap Edward ap Thomas
ap Richard ap Nicholas ap Richard ap Thomas
Pursel ap leuan ap Llyw., ap Gruffydd ap Ririd
ap Howel ap Trahaern ap Pasgen ap Gwyn ap
Gruffydd ap Beli.
Mam Edward Vaughan y w Elizabeth verch Humphre
Jones ap Moris Jones, Baron of the Exchequer
in Carnarvon, ap John ap Richard ap Rhys ap
Robert ap lolyn ap Dafydd filwr ap Dafydd ap
Gruffydd ap Dafydd ap Gwrgeneu.
Mam Howel Fychan oedd Margred verch Roger
Kinaston o Hordle ap Edward ap Humphre
Kinaston Wyllt ap Sir Roger Kinaston marchog
Constable Castell Knwkin.
Mam John Vychan oedd Margred verch Elisau ap
Howel ap Rhys ap Dafydd ap Howel o Faes-
mor.
Mam Howel Fychan oedd Lowri verch Howel Vychan
ap Howel ap Gruffydd ap Siankin o Lwydiarth.
Mam Dafyd Llwydd oedd Gwenhwyfar verch Da-
fydd Llwyd ap Howel ap Tudr ap Gronw ap
Gruffydd ap Madoc ap Ririd Flaidd.
Mam Gwenhwyfar oedd Mali verch Tudr ap leuan
9«
132 LLYFR SILIN.
ap Tudr ap Gruflfydd a Mam hono oedd Gwer-
fyl verch Teuan ap Gruffydd Llwyd.
Mam Ririd Flaidd oedd Generys verch Rhys Sais ap
Ednyfed ap Llowarch Gam, (Nota Llyfr Hugh
Owen.)
Ririd Flaidd oedd Uchelwr ac Arglwydd ar y Pnm
Plwy Penllyn a Yfionydd a Phennant Melangell
a'r Bryn a'r Glyn yn Mhowys ac un Dre ar
ddeg yn Swydd y Mwythig.
CAER GAL
William Vanghan fab John Vaughan fab Rolant
Vaughan fab John ap Rolant ap Owen (o Lwydiarth)
ap Sion ap Howel Fychan ap Howel ap Gruffydd ap
Siankin ap Llyw. ap Einion ap Kelynyn ap Ririd ap
Cynddelw ap lorwerth ap Gwrgeneu ap Urchdryd ap
Aleth Brenin Dvfed.
LLANGEDWYN. PLAS NEWYDD.
Moris ap Robert ap Moris ap leuan ap Howel ap lo-
lyn ap leuan Gethin ap Madoc Kyffin.
Mam Moris ap Robert oedd Margred verch Reinallt
ap Gruffydd ap Howel ap Madoc ap lorwerth
goch : chwaer oedd hi i Thomas ap Reinallt o
Fochnant.
Mam Robert ap Moris oedd Damasin verch leuan
Llwvd ab Dafydd Llwyd o Abertanat ap Gruf-
fydd ap leuan fychan ap leuan Gethin ap
Madoc Kyffin.
Mam Moris ap leuan ap Howel oedd Gwerfyl verch
Owen ap leuan ap Dafydd fychan ap Gruffydd
Dafydd ap Gruffydd ap Ali.
Mam leuan ap Howel ap lolyn oedd Morfyd verch
leuan Llwyd ap Icuan ap Gruffydd ap Ali.
Mam Howel ap lolyn oedd Myfanwy verch Howel
ap Ednyfed gam ap lorwerth foel o Nantheud-
wy. Moris ap Robert ap Moris a briododd Mary
verch Elise ap Moris ap Sion ap Meredydd o
LLYFR SILIK. 133
Yfionydd, ac y bu iddynt Kattrin Wenn yr
unig etifeddes, ac a briododd Owen Fychan ap
Sion ap Owen Fychan o Lwydiarth, fel oV
blaen.*
Mam Mary verch Elise oedd Sioned verch Sir James
Owen o Deheubarth.
Plant Robert ap Moris o Fargred verch Reinallt oedd
Moris, Richard, Cadwaladr, Goleugwyn gwraig
Lewis ap William Kyjffin o Ledrod yn Ngyn-
Ueth, Gwen gwraig Rys Wynn ap Dafydd ap
William, Elen a Kattrin.
Ac o gariad-ferch y bu Kattrin gwraig Thomas ap
Llew. ap Sion ap Meredydd o'r Rhiwlas ; ac Ales gw-
raig Richard ap Dafydd o Frynygwalie; a Mab a
elwyd Oliver Tad Dafydd ap Oliver o ymyl y Trallwng
a merch i Dafydd a elwyd a briododd Edward
Lloyd ap Richard Lloyd CoUen o Drefnant.
Plant Moris ap leuan ap Howel o Damasin verch
leuan Llwyd o Abertanat oedd Hugh ap Moris,
Robert ap Moris ; Kattrin gwraig Robert ap
Oliver — Mam oedd hi i Thomas ap Robert ap
Oliver o'r Neuaddwen yn Llanerfyl ; ac Ales
Wenn gwraig Robert ap Llew. ap Howel ap
Moris ap leuan Gethin o'r Talwrn yn Llansilin :
mam Lewis ap Robert a'i Frodyr oedd hi.
Plant Moris ap leuan ap Howel o gariad-ferched oedd
Lewis ap Moris, Owen ap Moris a Cadwaladr
ap Moris.
Mam Owen ap Moris ap leuan ap Howel oedd Lin-
ten Gethin.
BRYN T GWALIE YN LLANGEDWYN.
Richard Moris fab Thomas Moris ap Richard ap Moris
ap Cadwaladr ap Richard ap David ap Madoc.
Mam Richard Moris (langa) yw lanne verch Robert
Vaughan o'r Llwynhir ap Joseph ap William
ap Howel Fychan ap Dafydd Llwyd o Lanllyn.
^ Sion ap Owen Fjchan is in most places written Sion Owen
Fjcban. — 1. M.
134 LLYFR SILIN.
Mam Thomas Moris oedd Sinah verch Sion Thomas
ap Meredydd o Bennant Melangell ap Howel
ap Meiric ap Dafydd ap Gruffydd ap Ali ap
leva ap Adda ap Meiric ap Kynfrig ap Pasgen
ap Gwyn ap Gruffydd Arglwydd Cegidfa.
Mam Sinah oedd Margred verch Rhydderch ap Da-
fydd ap Meredydd fychan.
Mam Richard Moris oedd Ann verch Nicholas Moody.
Mam Moris ap Cad waladr oedd Kattrin verch Owen.
Mam Cadwaladr ap Richard oedd Ales verch Robert
Moris o Langedwyn ap leuan ap Howel. ,
GLASGOED YN NGHYNLLETH.
Watkin Kyffin ap Gruffydd Kjrffin ap Sion Kyffin
ap Richard ap Meredydd ap Howel ap Moris ap leuan
Gethin ap Madoo Kyffin ap Madoc Goch ap leva ap
Kyhelyn ap Rhun ap Einion Efell, etc.
Mam Watkin Kyffin oedd Lowri verch Owen ap Sion
ap Howel fychan ap Howel ap Gruffydd ap
Siankin ap Llewelyn ap Einion ap Kelynin.
Mai ach Llwydiarth.
Mam Owen ap Sion ap Howel fychan oedd Elizabeth
verch Sion Grae ap Humphre Grae ap Harri
larll Tangerffild.
Mam Elizabeth oedd Elin verch Owen ap leuan Teg
ap Dio ap Llewelyn ap Einion ap Kelynyn.
Mara Elin oedd Kattrin verch Reinallt ap Sir Gruf-
fydd Fychan ap Gruffydd ap leuan ap Madoc
ap Cadwgan Wenwys.
Mam Kattrin oedd Ales verch Gruffydd ap leuan
Gethin ap Madoc Kyffin.
Mam Gruffydd Kyffin oedd Dows Llwyd verch Sion
Llwyd ap Richard ap Robert ap Meredydd
Llwyd Llwyn y Maen.
Mam Dows oedd Elizabeth verch Sir Peter Newton
ap Arthur Newton o Sian verch Sieffre Kyffin
hen o ferch Arglwydd Straens ei mam hi.
LLYFR SILIN. 135
Mam Sion Llwyd ap Richard oedd Margred verch
Sion Edwards o'r Waen ap lorwerth ap leuaa
ap Adda.
Mam Richard Llwyd oedd Gwenhwyfa verch Siankin
Kinaston ap Gruffydd ap Siankin. Cais ach
Watle.
Mam SionKyffin ap Richard apMeredydd oeddGoleu-
bryd verch Gruffydd ap Meredydd ap Gruffydd
ap Meredydd ap Howel ap Philip Dorddu.
Mam Gruffydd ap Meredydd Fychan oedd Mawd
verch Gruffydd ap Nicholas ap Philip ap Elidr
ddu ap Elidr ap Rys ap Grono ap Eiuion.
Mam Goleubryd oedd Elen verch William ap Sion
ap Llewelyn ddu.
Mam Richard ap Meredydd oedd Daraasine verch
Richard Ireland ap Roger ap Sir John Ireland.
Mam Damasine oedd Katrin verch Robert Salter.
Mam Meredydd ap Howel ap Moris oedd Marred
verch ac un o ddwy etifeddesau Howel ap leuan
ap lorwerth ap Einion Gethin o Gynlleth ; a
hono oedd Acres Glasgoed.
Mam Howel ap Moris oedd Margred ferch ac un o
bedair etifeddesau Dafydd ap Giwn Llwyd ap
Dafydd ap Madoc o'r Hendwr.
Mam Howel ap leuan ap lorwerth oedd Lleuku verch
Einion goch o Dudlyst ap Dafydd ap lorwerth
ap Kynwric ac i Rys Sais.
Plant Sion Kyffin ap Richard ap Meredydd oeddynt
Richard Kyffin, Gruffydd KyflBn, a Gwenhwy-
fair gwraig Thomas Lloyd o Fodlith, a merch
a fu iddi a briododd Edward Wynn ap Lewis
Gwynn o Foelyrch, ac Elinor gwraig Dafydd
Lloyd ap Simmw^nt Lloyd.
Plant Richard ap Sion Kyffin oedd Sion Kyffin a
werthodd y Glasgoed iV ewyrth Gruffydd
Kyffin Tad Watkin Kyffin ; a Moris Kyffin ; a
Thomas Kyffin, Master of Arts ; a saith o fer-
ch ed.
Plant Meredydd ap Howel ap Moris oedd Richard
136 LLYFR SILIN.
ap Meredydd ; Sir Sieffre Person Llandrinio ;
leuan Llwyd ap Meredydd ; o ferched Ann
gwraig Llew. ap leuan ap Howel o Foelyrch,
ac wedi hynny gwraig Dafydd Gethin ap Gruff-
ydd goch o Gyfeiliog ; ac Elizabeth gwraig
Humffre Kinaston Wyllt.
Plant Richard ap Meredydd o Elizabeth verch Tho-
mas Muton Arglwydd Mowddwy yn nghyf-
iawnder ei wraig oedd Richard Kymn o Groes
Oswallt.
Gwraig gyntaf Thomas Muton, mam William Mytton
a mam gwraig Richard ap Meredydd oedd Eli-
nor verch ac un o bedair etifeddesau Sir John
Burgh.
Plant Richard ap Meredydd oV ail gwraig, hon oedd
Goleubryd verch Grutfydd ap Meredydd fychan
ap Gruffydd ap Meredydd ap Howel ap Philip
Dorddu, oedd Sion Kyffin, David, Sieffre, Gruff-
ydd Kyffin o Groe»o8wallt, Edward Kyffin,
Ffowlke Kyffin ; ac o ferched
Plant leuan Llwyd ap Meredydd o Sioned verch
Richard Stane oedd Robert, Thomas, Mr. Richard
Lloyd Offeiriad, Dafydd a Sion.
Plant Elizabeth verch Meiedith ap Howel ap Moris
o Humphre Kinaston oedd Edward Kinaston
o Hordle a Roger Kinaston o Fortyn, ac o fer-
ched Margred Kinaston gwraig Sion ap leuan
ap Owen ap leuan Teg o Feifod.
Plant Llewelyn ap leuan ap Howel o Ann verch
Meredydd oedd Thomas ap Llew. a Sion ap
Llew.
Plant Ann o'r ail wr Dafydd Gethin ap Gruffydd
goch oedd Gwen Gethin gwraig Thomas ap
leuan Lloyd o Gynon.
Plant Mr. Sieffre Kyffin Person Llandrinio o Farged
verch Rys ap Dafydd ap leuan ap y Giwn oedd
Sioned graig Sieffre ap Owen Penrhyn o
Ddeuddwr.
Plant Dafydd Lloyd ap Howel ap Moris o Wenhwy-
LLYFJR 8ILIN. 137
far verch leuan ap Howel ap leuan fychan o
Foelyrch oedd Thomas Lloyd; Gwerfyl gwraig
Humphre ap Howel fychan (a merch a fu
iddynt, ac wedi hynny priododd Gwervyl Wil-
liam ap Ednyfed o Groes Oswallt, ac iddynt y
bu John Williams ac i John Williams y bu
Hugh Williams o Ddinbech, John ac Elizabeth
Williams o Rhuthyn gwraig Robert Owen) ; ac
Ales verch Dafydd Lloyd gwraig Hugh ap
Owen ap leuan Blaene.
Plant yr un Dafydd Lloyd or ail wraig Mared verch
leuan ap Howel ap lolyn ap leuan Gethin oedd
Lewis ap Dafydd Lloyd o Foelfre a briodes
Damasin verch leuan Lloyd fychan o Aber-
tanat ; a Margred gwraig Lewis ap Owen ap
Madoc ap Meredydd o'r Main.
Plant Thomas Lloyd o Kattrin verch Howel Fychan
o Llwydiarth oedd Dafydd Lloyd ap Thomas,
a Moris Lloyd, a dwy o ferched : un oedd Ales
gwraig Dafydd ap Gruffydd ap Madoc o Gaer
Einion, un arall oedd Elen gwraig Reinallt ap
Meredydd ap Moris Keri o Fechain ; ac wedi
marw Thomas priodes Kattrin uchod Dafydd
Lloyd o'r Bettws yn Maelienydd : mam oedd
hi i h6n Sion Lloyd o'r Bettws.
BODFACH.
William Kyffin ap Sion KyflSn ap William Kyffin ap
Gruffydd Lloyd ap Lewis ap Dafydd ap William ap
Meredydd ap lolyn ap leuan Gethin ap Madoc Kyffin.
Mam William Kyffin oedd Sian Edwards verch Ed-
ward ap David ap leuan o'r Gerneddwen yn
Llanwddyn ap Sion ddu ap leuan crach.
Mam Sion Kyffin oedd Gwen verch Gawen Fychan
ap Howel Fychan. Cais Ach Glanllyn.
Mam Gwen oedd Elizabeth verch Harri ap Robert
ap Rhys ap Meredydd. Mai Plas lolyn.
Mam William Kyffin oedd Margred verch William
138 LLYFR SILIN.
Penrhyn ap Llyw. ap Humphre o Rysnant ap
Gruffydd Penrhyn ap Llew. ap GrufFydd fychan
ap Gruffydd Deuddwr : ac i Basgen.
Mam GruflFydd Lloyd ap Lewis oedd Kattrin verch
Edward ap Roger Eutyn o Faelor.
Mam Lewis ap Dafydd ap William oedd Lowri verch.
Sion ap Siankyn fychan. Chwaer gwbl i Gruf-
fydd Lloyd ap Sion ap Siankyn o Fodfach ; ac
oddiwith hono y caed Bodfach.
Mam Dafydd ap William ap Meredydd oedd Gwer-
fyl verch Thomas ap Dafydd fychan ap Edward
ac i Brochwel Yscythrog.
Mam William ap Meredydd ap lolyn oedd Gwerfyl
verch Gruffydd ap Meredydd ap Ednyfed gam
o'r Henblas yn Ngareghofa.
Mam Meredydd ap lolyn oedd Myfanwy verch Howel
ap Ednyfed gam ap lorwerth foel ap lorwerth
fychan ap yr h6n lorwerth ; ac i Tudr Trevor
Arglwydd y ddwy Faelor.
Mam lolyn ap leuan Gethin oedd Marred verch
Llew. ap Rotpert ap lorwerth ap Ririd.
Mam Gawen fychan oedd Margred verch Elise ap
Howel ap Rys ap Dafydd ap Howel o Dinmael :
brawd un fam un dad ag leuan ap Howel ap
Rys o RAg.
Mam Margred oedd Elizabeth verch Rys ap Mere-
dydd or Yspyti : chwaer Mr. Robert ap Rys.
Mam Elizabeth oedd Lowri verch Gruffydd goch ap
Gruffydd ap Dafydd ap Madoc.
Plant Lewis ap Dafydd ap William oedd Gruffydd
Lloyd, Lewis, ag eraill : ac o ferched Elizabeth
gwraig Dafydd Lloyd ap William ; ac iddynt
y bu Edward Lloyd o Fers a Lowri gwraig
John Kyfl&n o Artheryr ym Mochnant.
Howel ap lolyn ap leuan Gethin a Mere- ) Oeddynt
dydd ap lolyn ap leuan Gethin J Frodyr.
Dafydd ap William ap Meredydd ap lolyn v
Sion ap William ap Meredydd ap f Oeddynt
lolyn a Thomas ap William ap Mere- ( Frodyr.
dydd ap lolyn. ^
LLYFK SILIN. 139
BODFACH.
Gruffydd Llwyd ap Sion ap Siankin ap Howel ap
leuan ap Llew. ap Einion ap Kelynyn. Fel Llwydiarth.
1, Siankin ; 2, Deio neu Dafydd ; 3, leuan ; 4, Howel ;
5, Siankin fychan y rhai hyn oeddynt Feibion Llew. ap
Einion ap Kelynyn ap Ririd ap Cynddelw ap lorwerth
ap Gwrgeneu ap Uchdryd ap Aleth Brenin Dyfed.
Fel oV blaen.
O Siankyn y mae Gwyr Llwydiarth yn dyfod allan.
Deio neu Dafydd y mae Llwydiaid Meifod yn dy-
fod. leuan Teg ap Deio ap Llew. ap Einion ei Fab ef :
ac Owen ap Deio ap Llew. ap Einion oedd Fab arall.
Ac o leuan ap Llew. y mae Gruffydd Lloyd ap Sion
ap Siankyn uchod yn dyfod ; a Dafydd ap William ap
Siankyn. Plant i ddau Frawd oedd Gruffydd Lloyd
uchod a Dafydd ap William ap Siankyn. Ac i Dafydd
ni bu ond Merched.
SWINE, 1654.
Robert Kyffin ap Robert ap Roger ap Robert ap John
Kyffin^ ap Dafydd ap Gutyn ap Gruffydd ap leuan
Gethin ap Madoc Kyffin.
Gwraig Robert Kyffin oedd verch Humphre ap
Richard ap Richard o Furgedin.
Mam Robert Kyffin ap Robert oedd Ann* verch ac
etifeddes Edward ap Hugh ap Dafydd fychan
o Rhydhescyn yn nglyn Hafren.
Mam Robert Kyffin ap Roger oedd Ermin verch
Roger Kinaston o Fortyn.
Mam Roger Kyffin oedd Margred verch leuan Lloyd
ap leuan Lloyd ap Dafydd Lloyd ap Gruffydd
ap leuan fychan ap leuan Gethin.
^ John Kyffin, bastard, ap Dafydd ap Gutyn. — Glas-
coed MS.
' Mam Ann Margred verch ac etifeddes Griffith ap
Hugh ap.Madog. Mam Margred Mared verch
Lewis Lloyd o Foelfre.
140 LLYFR SILIN.
Mam Robert Kyffin oedd Elizabeth verch Gruffydd
ap Richard of Cryw ap Howel ap Einws yn
dyfod o Frochwel Yscythrog.
Mam Elizabeth oedd Mawd verch leuau ap GruflFydd
Deuddwr ap leuan ap Madoc ap Owen ap Mei-
ric at Brochwel.
Mam leuan ap Gruffydd Deuddwr oedd Mali verch
John ap leuan Gethin ap Madoc Kyffin.
Mam John Kyffin oedd Margred verch Dafydd fain
ap Howel ap Madoc ap lorwerth goch.
Mam Dafydd ap Gutyn oedd Margred verch ac eti-
feddes Dafydd ap lolyn. Yn dyfod o Seissyllt
Argl. Meirionydd.
Mam Gutyn ap Gruffydd ap leuan Gethin oedd
Margred verch Rys ap Gruffydd ap Madoc ap
lorwerth ap Madoc ap Ririd Flaidd.
[Thomas Kyffin, 1636, brother of Robert ap Robert.]
ABERTANAT, 1661.
Rys Tanad ap Thomas ap Rys ap Thomas Tanad ap
leuan Llwyd fychan ap leuan Llwyd ap Dafydd Llwyd
ap Gruffydd ap leuan fychan ap leuan Gethin ap Madoc
Kyffin ap Madoc Coch ap leva ap Kyhelyn ap Rhun
ap Einion Efell ap Madoc ap Meredydd ap Bleddyn ap
Cyufyn.
Mam Rys Tanad oedd Margred verch Roger Kinas-
ton Hordlai ap Edward Kinaston ap Humphre
ap Sir Roger Kinaston.
Mam Thomas Tanad oedd Mary verch Thomas Wil-
liams ap Reinallt Williams o Wilaston.
Mam Rys Tanat oedd Cattrin verch Matthew Goch
or Drenewvdd.
Mam Cattrin oedd . . . verch Lie w. fychan ap Morgan
ap Dafydd gam.
Mam Thomas Tanad hen oedd Elizabeth verch Roger
Thorns ap Thomas Thorns o Sielfoch.
Mam Elizabeth oedd Sian verch Sir Roger Kinaston
ap Gruffydd ap Siankyn.
LLYFR SILIN. 141
Mam leuan Llwyd fychan oedd Fawd Wenn verch
ac etifeddes Dafydd Llwyd ap /ewan ap Gruf-
fydd ap leuan ap Madoc ap Cadwgan Wenwys.
Nai fab brawd oedd Dafydd Lloyd i Syr Graf-
fydd fychan o Bowys ap GrufFydd ap leuan.
Mam Mawd oedd Ales verch Gruffydd Hanmer ap
Siankyn ap Sir Dafydd Hanmer.
Mam Ales oedd Elen verch Pyrs Dytton.
Mara leuan Lloyd ap Dafydd oedd Cattrin verch
Meredydd ap leuan ap Meredydd ap Howel ap
Dafydd ap GruflFydd ap Cariadog ap Thomas
ap Kodri ap Owen Gwynedd.
Mam Dafydd Lloyd oedd Gwerfyl verch ac un o eti-
fedaesau Madoc ap Meredydd ap Llewelyn^
ddu ap Gruftydd ap lorwerth foel ap lorwerth
fychan ap lorwerth h6n.
Mam Gwerfyl oedd Margred verch Siankin Deccaf
ap Madoc ddu ap Gruffydd ap lorwerth fychan
ap lorwerth ap leuaf ap Nynnio ap Cynwrig
ap Khiwallon.
Yr oedd Madoc Tad Gwerfyl yn byw yn Abertanad
Gwel Llyfr Cedwyn MS. Dalen 121.
Mam Gruffydd ap leuan fychan oedd Tibot verch
Einion ap Gruffydd ap Llew. ap Cynwrig ap
Osbwm Wyddel.
Mam leuan fychan oedd Fargred verch Rotpert ap
lorwerth ap Ririd ap Madoc ap Ednowain Ben-
dew.
Mam leuan Gethin oedd Tanglwyst verch leuan foel
o Bencelli ; ac i Aleth Brenin Dyfed.
Mam Madoc Kyffin oedd Lleuku verch Howel goch
ap Meredydd ap Bleddyn ap Cynfyn.
Mam Madoc Goch oedd Efa verch Adda ap Awr ap
leva ap Cyhelyn ap Tudr ap Rys Sais ap Edn.
ap Llowarch gam ap Lludduka ap Tudr Trevor.
^ Mam Llew. ddu uchod oedd Gwerfyl verch Llew.
fychan ap Owen ap Madoc ap Owen fychan ap
Bleddyn ap Owen Brogyntyn.
142 LLYFR SILIN.
BLODWEL FECHAN.
Moris Tanat ap Robert ap Sion Tanat ap leuan Llwyd
o Abertanat ap Dafydd Llwyd ap GrufFydd. Fal Ach
Abertanat.
Mam Moris oedd Gwenhr. verch ac etifeddes Sion ap
William Siankin.
Mam Gwenhwyfar oedd .... ferch Nicholas ap Rys
ap Moris ap leuan Gethin ap Madoc Kyffin.
Mam Robert Tanat oedd Elen verch Humphre Kinas-
ton Wyllt.
Mara Sion Tanat oedd Ales verch Kadwaladr ap Sir
Gruffydd fychan ap Gruffydd ap leuan ap Ma-
doc ap Cadwgan Wenwys.
Plant Robert Tanat o'i briod oedd Sion, Moris, Richard,
Owen, Robert, Humphre, Dows, Sina ac Ales.
6 mab a 3 merch.
Plant yr un Robert o gariad-ferched oedd Moris,
Thomas, Thomas arall, Robert, Dafydd, Ann
Margred, ac Elizabeth. 6 mab a 3 merch.
Plant Moris Tanat oedd Kattrin mort ; Sian gwraig
Sion Matthews a hono a gadd hoU lifing ei thad ;
Ann gwraig Robert Challinor o Loran ; Eliza-
beth gwraig Dafydd Lloyd ap Hugh o Uwch
Rhaiadr ; Ales gwraig William Wynn o Foel-
yrch ; Sina gwraig Thomas Pugh o Llwyn Tid-
man, ac wedi marw Thomas, gwraig a fu hi i
Edward Hanmer o'r Bryn ap Rondl Hanmer ;
Margred gwraig Sion ap Dafydd ap Hugh goch
Benrhyn fechan ; Liws gwraig Thomas ap
Sion Dafydd o Bentreheilin yn Generdinlle ; a
Dows gwraig Sion Robert ap Reinallt a merch
a fu iddi hithe a hono a gadd dir Reinallt ap
Robert o'r Finnant yn Mechen, ac wedi marw
Sion Robert hi briododd Davydd Evanse o
Sychtyn, ac ni bu iddi Blant.
Mam y Plant hyn oedd Margred verch Thomas ap
Owen ap Gruffydd ap Moris ap Gruffydd ap
leuan ap leuan oV Plas ddu yn Yfionydd.
LLYFR SILIN. 1 43
Plant Sion Matthews o Sian Uchod oedd Robert,
Thomas, Moris a Richard ; ac o ferched Siwsan
gwraig Roger ap Hugh o Llwyn Tydman ; a
Sian gwraig Edward Moris or Henfache yn
Mochnant.
Mam Margred verch Thomas ap Owen oedd Sian
verch Moris ap Elisse ap Moris ap Sion ap
Meredydd o Elin verch Sir John Pilston.
Sion Heilin, William Heilin, Thomas Heilin Vicar
Ness, a Robert Heilin ; o ferched, Ann gwraig
Richard Cowper o Groes Oswallt : Ermin gw-
raig Roger Thomas o Gyntyn; Sian gwraig
Robert Lloyd o Ffynonddydd ; Margred gwraig
Sion Hiley o Hiley ; Elizabeth gwraig Geordge
Gruffydd o Strowdde ; Siwsan ag Elinor. Y
rhain oedd Plant Sion Heilin o Altyn o Wen-
hwyfar verch Sion Tanat; chwaer gwbl oedd
hi i Robert Tanat o Flodwel fechan.
Plant Robert Matthews o Ursle verch Edward Kinas-
ton o Hordle ei wraig briod oedd Robert Toort^
Roger, Edward, John, Moris a Matthew ; Mary,
Ursle a Jane gwraig Ffrancis Ffinch ap Roger
ap Humphre r6nch.
Plant John Tanat oedd Robert Tanat ; Ann gwraig
gyntaf Moris Wynn o Foelyrch ap Llew. ap
leuan ap Howel, a Gwenhwyfar gwraig John
Heilin o Altyn. John Heilin o Alderton ap
Richard ap John ap Gruffydd Heilin ap Richard
ap Roger ap Dafydd Heilin ap Roger ap lor-
werth ap Gwyn ap Heilin o'r Frongoch yn
Mhowys.
Taken out of their owne Garde by John Cain.
BROXTN YN SIB QABRLLEON.
Thomas Tanat ap Edward Tanat ap Rys ap Thomas
Tanat ap leuan Lloyd fychan ap leuan Lloyd ap Dafydd
Lloyd Abertanat. Gwel Acn Abertanat.
Mam Thomas Tanat oedd Mary verch ac etifeddes
Thomas Dod o Froxyn.
144 LLYFR SILTN.
Mam Edward Tanat oedd Margred verch Edward
Kinaston o Hordle.
Mam Rys Tanat oedd Kattrin verch Matthew Goch
o'r Drenewydd.
Gwraig Thomas Tanat o Froxyn oedd Ann verch
Edward Evanse o Kriccieth ap leuan ap Mere-
dydd ap Dafydd Lloyd ap Llewelyn fychan ap
Llew. ap leuan ap Ithel fychan.
TANAT O DREWYLAN.
Edward Tanat ap Robert Tanat ap Edward ap Sieffre
Tanat ap leuan Lloyd fychan ap leuan Lloyd ap
Dafydd Lloyd o Abertanat.
Mam SieflFre Tanat oedd Elizabeth verch Roger
Thorns ap Thomas Thorns o Sielvork.
Mam Elizabeth oedd Sian verch Sir Roger Kinaston
ap Gruffydd ap Siankin. Cais Ach Abertanat.
DEUDDWR. PENTREHEILIN.
Sir Robert Lloyd ap Dafydd ap Sieffre ap leuan ap
Thomas ap Llew. ap Gruffydd fychan ap Gruffydd
Deuddwr ap Teuan ap Madoc ap Owen ap Meirig ap
Cynddeiw ap Pasgen ap Gwyn ap Gruffydd ap Beli.
Mam Sir Robert Lloyd oedd Elizabeth verch Owen
ap Meredydd o'r Main yn Meifod: ei mam
hithe oedd Margred verch Humphrey Lloyd o*r
Llai.
Mam Dafydd Lloyd oedd Kattrin verch Thomas ap
Gruffydd ap Deio ap leuan ap Ririd foel o
Flodwel.
Mam Kattrin oedd Gwerfy] verch Dafydd ap Gutyn
ap Gruffydd ap leuan Gethin.
COLLPRYN TN DEUDDWR.
Edward Edwards ap Owen ap Edward ap Dafydd
ap Gruffydd ap Madoc ap Meredydd ap Llew. ap Gruf-
fydd ap Llew. ap Dafydd Llwch ap Ririd ap Cadwgan
ap Madoc ap Ririd ap Kadwgan ap Madoc ap lorwerth
hilfawr ap Mael Maelienydd.
LLYPR SILIN. 145
Mam Owen Edwards oedd Elizabeth verch Sieffre
Tanat ap leuan Lloyd fychan.
Mam Edward ap Dafydd oedd Damasin verch Ed-
ward Trevor Kwnstabl Croesoswallt : yr hon
Damasin a fuase yn briod o'r blaen a Hugh ap
Moris ap leuan ap Howel o Langedwyn, ac iddi
hi o Hugh y bu Hugh ap Hugh, yr hwn oedd
yn ngroth ei fam pan fu farw ei Dad oV com-
wyd.
Mam Dafydd ap Gruffydd ap Madoc oedd Gwenhwy-
far verch leuan ap Gruffydd fychan o Deuddwr
ap leuan ap Madoc ap Owen ap Meiric ap Kyn.
ap Pasgen, etc
Mam Gruffydd ap Madoc oedd Gwenllian neu Ales
verch Sir Gruflydd fychan ap Gruffydd ap
leuan ap Madoc ap Cadwgan Wenwys.
HALCHDYN YN DEUDDWH.
Gruffydd Lloyd ap Dafydd ap Gruffydd ap Madoc
ap Meredydd ap Llew. ap Gruffydd ap Llew. ap Dafydd
Ixlwch.
Mam Gruffydd Lloyd oedd Ann verch Gruffydd ap
Dafyad (Escob) ap Owen ap Deio ap Llew. ap
Einion ap Kelynyn.
Mam Dafydd ap Gruffydd ap Madoc oedd .... verch
Dafydd ap Gutyn ap Gruffydd ap leuan Gethin.
Mam Gruffydd ap Madoc oedd Ales verch {ordderch)
Sir Gruffydd Fychan ap Gruffydd ap leuan ap
Madoc ap Cadwgan Wenwys.
(To he continued.)
5th srr., vol. IV. 10
146
THE OLD QUAY HOUSE, PENALLY.
The marsh-land lying between Tenby Bay and St.
Florence village has been reclaimed by several opera-
tions, and the banks by which this was eflfected still
exist, but in consequence either of silting or upheaval
have ceased to be of any value, since if they were re-
moved the tide would not now run into the valley.
One bank cuts the marsh under Gumfreston ; a
second, starting opposite to the ruins of Scotsboro
House, extends to a spot near HoUoway Bridge ; and
a third runs parallel with the Pembroke and Tenby
Railway. This last was built by the late Sir John Owen
in 1811. When the other two were erected is unknown.
That branch of the marsh which was reclaimed by
the bank running from Scotsboro Gate to Holloway
Bridge ends somewhat abruptly at a point a little
beyond the well-known ossiferous cave called Hoyles
Mouth. Near this place is a ruined house known as
" Old Quay". It has been used as a cottage within the
last twenty years, but from peculiarities of construction
appears to be an ancient structure worthy of record in
our pages. The building is not only unroofed, but in
some places the walls are levelled to their foundations ;
and the whole is so overgrown with ivy, briars, black-
thorn, and young ash, that it was not very easy to
make the annexed ground-plan.
The house never had an upper story, and its chief
feature must always have been the large square chimney
which towers over the little cottage. In this chim-
ney (a^ was the j^nly fireplace ; since wall (h), in which
is a chimney (k), is quite a modern addition. On enter-
ing the doorway (l), this great fireplace faces you ; and
when the house was young, that doorway must have
been always open by day, for it was the only means of
lighting the only fireplace. By and by the dwellers
THE OLD QUAY HOUSE, PENALLY.
147
D
E
.!••?«..'
U
^fe. ^ III
§"^^
-• <
oz
Id
Q.
rTT*
Ir I t ■ • ■
I
4
%
10«
i48 THE OLD QUAY HOUSE, PENALLY.
found this arrangement inconvenient, so they abolished
their oven, which must have stood at (b), cut through
the wall at that point, and added a quaint, little ingle-
nook (c) with its window (d). To reach this room it
was necessary to pass through the great chimney (a).
At the same time they built the chamber (c), they
seem to have added an oven at (e), and in order to do
so sacrificed a door at (f).
I have assumed that (a) was the only fireplace. Of
course it is possible that there was one in the wall (i),
of which only the foundations remain ; but in that
foundation there is no indication of anything of the
sort, and the two wings of the house seem to pretty
well correspond, (j) is a modern addition of the same
date as the wall (h). It blocks one of those original
windows (m). These windows are square, somewhat
splayed, with a seat in the wall under them .
The entrance to the chamber ( c) is through a hand-
some pointed arch (b). (g) is a buttress which as it is
conical could not have been intended for a seat or table
(a common arrangement in old houses in this district),
but must have been erected as a precautionary measure
when the arch (b) was cut in the chimney. Perhaps
the most notable feature in the house is the substanti-
ality of the older portions. AH angles are of ashlar,
the partition-walls as thick and well built as the outer
walls, and the whole put together with that excellent
old mortar known in this district as " old castle mor-
tar".
I am disposed to think this cottage is of very con-
siderable antiquity, not improbably dating back to the
unknown period when vessels discharged their cargo at
the " Old Quay" before it was cut ofi* from the sea by
the Scotsboro and HoUoway Bridge banks.
E. Laws.
149
LORDSHIP OF ENGLISH AND WELSH
HUNTINGTON, HEREFORDSHIRE.
WARDSHIP.
The following documents may find a fitting place in
the pages of the ArchcBologia Cambrensis as one of the
last instances of a claim by the lord of a manor to en-
force his feudal right of wardship, and the consequent
right to the marriage of his ward. The last recorded
case (Moore v. Hussey, Hobart's Reports) of a suit by
a lord for ravishment of ward, or, in plainer terms,
removal of the ward beyond the lord's control, so as to
prevent his realising the profits of wardship, occurred
in the reign of James I. In that case the ward had
been married, and the lord claimed £800 as the value
of the marriage. He had judgment ; and although it
was afterwards reversed on a technical point, his right
was upheld.
An ordinance abolishing the courts of wards and
liveries was passed by both Houses on 24th February
1645, but had no practical efiect until an Act for its
confirmation, and the abolition of wardships and other
feudal incidents, was passed in 1656. Its provisions
were re-enacted, soon after the Restoration, by Statute
12 Car. II, c. 24.
The parish of Brilley (at an earlier date written
** Brunley") formed part of Welsh Huntington.
" Thomas Booth the elder bought certaine lands beinge held
in knight service and tooke an estate in his sonnes name beinge
Thomas Booth the younger beinge a child under adge and after-
wards Thomas Booth the father died Nowe we would desire
to know whether Thomas Booth the son can or should be found
ward being the purchaser himselfe although he was under age.
Opinion,
The Sonne is noe ward for the land purchased origin-
ally in his name."
tt
150 HUNTINaTON. — WARDSHIP.
** Within a short time after the decease of the said Tho: Booth
the father Booth the sonn was married with one Wm. Savakers
daughter and after his mariadge there was a June impanelled
and found him ward We would also desire to know whether
cann the Lord of the ward question the said Savaker for any
manner of matter nor because his daughter was married unto
the said Booth the said pretended ward.
'^Opinion.
" If he had been in warde and had married before the
Lord rendered him his marriage then the simple value of
the marriage as the Jurie should finde it in a valor mari-
tagii or in a ravish^ of a warde had been done to the Lord.
" Will Morgan."
Letter addressed by the alleged ward and his father-
in-law to Mr. Holman, the then lord of the manor :
** WorshpU S': my due respects & dutie remembred with
my prayers for your worshipps health cmd increase of happiness
Lettinge your worshipp understande that I was ignorant of the
marriadge of my daughter with your Tenante Thomas Booth
neither had any speech or conference aboute it nor would nott
be soe presumptuous to contracte with your ward, But seeing
yt was Gods wUl that yt came toe passe I would not nor my
Sonne in lawe enjoye nor procure your wor'pps displeasure
hopeinge your wor'pp wilbe our lovinge Landlord & friend and
whatsoever your wor'pp will require att our hands we wilbe
readie in our power to p'forme Therefore desireing your wor'pp
nott to putt us to any charge by reason of any suits haveinge
but small estate to conteste in lawe neither would we contend
with your wor'pp for any cause or coloure but wilbe readie to
doe all the office & service that lies in our power And for your
tenante Mrs. Booth we are lovers & friends reflferinge our selves
to your wor*pp consideracon we humblie take our leave & rest
" Ever att your wor'pps commands in what we male
" William Savaker &
Thomas Booth."
" Brilley this first of Maie 1634
(Addressed) " To the Eight wor'ppll Mr. Phillipp HoUman
Esq. deliver these."
151
INTERESTING DISCOVERY AT LLANTWIT
MAJOR.
It is always interestiDg to record the finding of any-
thing that tends to throw light on the life or doings of
the earlier inhabitants of Wales. We give the follow-
ing particulars of the discovery, at Llantwit Major, of
several bronze implements. Some time has now elapsed
since they were found.
Mr. Richard Price, builder, of Cardiff being about
to proceed with the eVection of a new house on a piece
of ground belonging to himself in the Hayes Croft,
Comugh Street, Llantwit, found it necessary to pur-
chase a small triangular plot of ground to give him the
desired frontage to the main street. On throwing the
two plots into one he took down an old boundary- wall,
and on digging a slight trench for the foundations of
the new wall, the rubbish was thrown out into the
lane. Next morning, on the workmen commencing to
shovel the earth into the cart, they found the bronze
implements in question. No notice, however, seems to
have been taken of them at the time, and the earth
was carted away, with other rubbish, to fill in an old
quarry.
It is too late now to see whether there were any
other pieces of prehistoric workmanship present, such
as pottery or smaller articles of any sort, the work-
men having only retained the metallic pieces. This
is a deeply regrettable matter, because much of the
value of such a find is gone when the circumstances
under which it was found are in any way doubtful
It would have been much more interesting to have
known whether they were enclosed in any crock, or in
what way they were lying in the earth in relation to
one another ; whether any bones or pottery, ashes, or
any other matter were associated with them ; also
152 DISCO VEBY AT LL ANT WIT MAJOR.
their exact depth from the surface, which could not
have exceeded 19 inches at the outside. As the alter-
ations have been going on since the find, no trace can
now be seen of anything to throw further light upon it.
The implements found are : —
A bronze spear-head (a), 6^ inches by If inches in
breadth. About 1 inch of the point is gone, and it is
rusted through the socket; in two places rivet-holes
are well seen ; good patina.
Another spear-head (b), 4f in. by 1^ in. ; perfect,
except a piece of the socket broken off on one side ;
patina nearly scrubbed off by some of the workmen,
and a piec^ of the metal scraped to see whether it was
gold.
A third spear-head (c), same size as the last, very
perfect, but patina injured by the same causes ; the
drilled rivet-holes being well seen in this specimen.
Next comes a bronze paalstave (d), 5^ in. by 1^ in.
in the broadest place. This is the finest instrument in
the find, and is in beautiful condition. The patina is
scarcely iniured. This has the handle-sockets deeply
wingei, the stops deep, and is altogether a formidalbli
weapon. It is ornamented with three raised parallel
ridges on e^h side, and the loop for the thong- fastening
is large and strong.
Next comes a series of celts, of which the first (e) is
4 in. long and 2 in. broad at the extremity of the axe-
face ; plain body, roundish, oval in section, and with
thickened rim to socket. It bears evidence of much
use, being hacked and blunted in several places.
The next celt (f) is 4 in. long and 2 in. wide, square
in section, and nearly equal in width from socket to
cutting edge. It is ornamented with three diverging
ridges, and the thickened rim of this shows the mould-
marks very perfectly.
The next (o) is 3f in. by 2^ in., with a rather broad-
ened hatchet-face, three radiating bars, and thong-loop.
This celt is so like, in every particular, one found in
the Great Wood of St. Fagan's many years ago, and
DISCOVERY AT LLANTWIT MAJOR.
153
154 DISCO VERY AT LLANTWIT MAJOR*
now in the Cardiff Museum, that it might be thought
they were cast in the same mould.
The next celt (h) is smaller, being only 3f in. by
If in. In this the ridges are diverging, and the thick-
ened edge is more strongly marked.
The fifth celt (i) is S^ in. by 2, with a widened axe-
edge, ornamental ridges converging. In this the socket-
edge is broken, the edge being very much worn and
hacked.
The next (k) and smallest celt is only 2^ in. by lA.
Good socket-edge, considerably worn on one side only.
The mould-marks are prominent.
There are also broken fragments of three separate
celts, one of them evidently being a larger and heavier
instrument than any of the perfect ones ; one irregular-
shaped piece of bronze ; and a curved bronze blade (l)/
about 4 in. in length, with two rivet-holes, evidently
meant to fasten in a handle. This bears marks of fre-
quent sharpening ; in fact, it is almost worn out by the
grindstone. The point is unfortunately missing.
It will be seen that this forms a fairly complete
series, and it is to be hoped they will soon be on view
to the public in the Museum. On our visit to the place
where they were found, we examined the place pretty
carefully, and through the kindness of Mr. Price we
have been able to examine one of them at our leisure.
From the appearance of the mud still sticking to the
paalstave, in which are still to be found segments of
extracrinus and spines of ecinoderms, when seen under
the microscope, we are inclined to think some slight
mistake has been made as to the exact spot where they
were found, and it would be interesting to spend a day
in proving the matter by a systematic dig of, say,
^ This is the remnant of a bronze sickle. See Evans, Ancient
Bronze ImplemenU of Cheat Britain^ p. 195, and Keller's Lake"
Dwellings f hj Lee, PL xxix, ^g, 88, for like forms so fastened ; and
for another mode of attachment with projecting pins or Imobs,
Evans, p. 197, and Nordiske Oldsager, PL 34, fig. 159, " Segelformeh
Bronceknif."
DISCOVERY AT LLANTWIT MAJOR. 155
4 yards in diameter. It may be interesting to state
that in the same plot of ground human interments
have been found in several places. Two of them we
saw were within about 2 feet of the surface. The bones
had, however, been removed, and nothing remained
but a black powder to mark the spot where the body
lay.
A gold seal has also been found near the same place,
but had been handed to a gentleman in the neighbour-
hood only the day before our visit, so we cannot say
anything about it.
During our conversations with some of the natives
we learnt that one of the parties still survives who
about forty years ago found, when digging a drain at
Lachas Moor, near Llantwit, a gold chain, of which the
only description we have been able to get is that it
was as heavy as a pound of butter, and nearly as soft,
a sure sign of the purity of the gold. We have, how-
ever, not been able to ascertain the pattern, or in whose
possession it now is ; but Mr. C Wilkins, the owner of
the land, put in a claim for it. Perhaps some corre-
spondent may be able to give more particulars.
We are indebted to Mr. J. Storrie, Curator at Cardiff
Museum, for the above particulars of this interesting
find. {Western Mail.)
THE SCULPTURED SEPULCHRAL EFFIGY
OF A PRIEST IN St. MARTS CHURCH,
SWANSEA, SOUTH WALES.
The Welsh sepulchral efl&gies of ecclesiastics, especially
of those beneath episcopal rank, deserve our close atten-
tion. Compared with the effigies of a similar class in
England, those in Wales are but few in number ; and
though there may be a general resemblance, the sacer-
dotal vestments being identical in name and number,
we do not find the whole of these vestments, externally
visible, always sculptured, as in England.
156 EFFIGY OF A PRIEST.
In the representation before us, that of the sculptured
effigy of a priest in St. Mary's Church, Swansea, of
which we have but a side-view, and are therefore limited
in our description, the only vestments discernible are
the stiff, collar-like amice about the neck, the alb,
and the chasuble. The extremities of the stole from
beneath the chasuble, and over the alb, are not appa-
rent ; neither is the parure or apparel in front of the
alb, at the skirt. Whether the maniple over the left
arm is shown, as we may fairly conjecture it to be, is a
point not ascertainable from the view given to us, the
maniple being worn on the left side of the body. Nor
is the position of the arms and hands clearly indicated,
as they would be in a front view of the e&gj. Points
of minute detail are also wanting to enable us to de-
termine the approximate age of this eflSgy, for we have
been unable to examine it personally, and we are de-
pendent on the representation before us. As a matter
of opinion, however, it may be stated that it is a sculp-
ture of the fifteenth century. From the close-shaven
appearance of the face it certainly is not earlier than
the middle of the fourteenth century, up to which
period the moustache over the upper lip, and short,
crisp beard covering the chin, were generally worn by
ecclesiastics of sacerdotal rank. And if it had been a
sculpture of the latter half of the fourteenth century,
the arrangement of the hair in flowing locks on each
side of the face, according to the then prevailing fashion,
would have assured us of that fact.
This eSigy at Swansea may fairly be compared with
the recumbent eflfigy of a priest in St. David's Cathe-
dral, ascribed (wrongly, however,) to Giraldus Cambren-
sis, who died early in the thirteenth century, circa a.d.
1220. This effigy, judging from a well-executed engrav-
ing which appears in Powells edition of the Itinerarium
CamhricBy from an accurate drawing by John Carter,
was executed at least two centuries and upwards after
the death of Giraldus, being a work of the fifteenth
century, and from the arrangement of the hair pro-
n
6 I
MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES. 157
bably late in that ei'a. Both effigies exhibit the absence
of the extremities of the stole from beneath the cha-
suble, and also the absence of the parure or apparel in
front of the skirt of the alb.
Matthew Holbeche Bloxam.
fHiscellaneous Notices.
Gabr-Dbewyn, neab Cobwen. — ^We regret to learn that not only
have thousands of loads of stones been carted away from the ram-
parts of this ancient camp, bnt that its area has recently been en-
closed in a rabbit-warren ! We would draw the attention of the
owner to the great injury that has been done, and to the hardly less
mischief that is likely to ensue, to this noteworthy specimen of an
ancient stone encampment.
The Horse-Bier, Llangower, Merionethshire. — This curious
relic, seen by the Association on one of the excursions from Bala in
1884 (see 5th Series, vol. i, p. 804), has had a narrow escape of
being removed to the same place as the Gaergai Stone (5th Series,
vol. ii, p. 203). It -had been asked for on behalf of the Chester
Museum, and the churchwardens had given their consent ; but its
removal has been forbidden by authority ; and we hope it will find
a safe and dry refuge in the boarded-off portion at the west end of
the church.
The Golden Mile, near Bridgend. — A barrow has lately been
opened by Mr. Hilton Price, F.S.A., and found to contain nine small
and one large British sepulchral urns. We hope to be able to give
a fxdl account of this discovery.
Pbnmon, Anglesey. — We are sorry to hear that some mischievous
person has injured the cross in the field above the church, by firing
at it, and breaking off a chip some inches long, besides making
several holes in the face of it. Such malicious conduct calls for our
strong reprobation, both out of respect for the owner of the pro-
perty, and in the interests of archssology.
Llantwit Major, Glamorganshire. — In view of the injurious
effect of the weather on these most interesting stones, we would
suggest that they should be put, for protection and preservation,
under cover in the western part of the church, which is not used for
divine service.
158 MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES.
Horn-Book. — One of these highly interesting cariosities was dis-
covered some years ago beneath the floor of Treyddyn Charch, in
Flintshire, and taken away by the then incnmbent to his new living.
We hope to be able to state that on his death it has been either
restored to the chnrch, or placed for safe custody in the Cathedral
Library at St. Asaph.
Will of David Llotd of Cboes Onnen in Erbthltn, Pabish of
Eglwts Fagh. Date, 1648. Abstract. — He makes allusion to all
his lands already devised, confirming their appointments, etc.
Probably settlements or entailed lands. To his eldest daughter,
Elizabeth, he leaves his ^'tearm of 8 score years" in a field called
Gwerglodd Ffynon Asaph, in Erethlyn, if Owen Lloyd, Oent., of
Erethlyn, live so long. He names his wife Elizabeth, his son David
Lloyd, and his daughters, Elizabeth, Jane, and Dorothy. Appoints
his wife Elizabeth and his son David his executors. He desires his
good brethren, kinsmen, and friends, Robert Anwyl of Park, Esq. ;
Richard Anwyl of the same, Gent. ; Hugh Lloyd of Graiglwyd, in
the parish of Dwygyfylchi, co. Carnarvon, Gent. ; Evan Griffith of
Erethlyn, Gent. ; John Evans of the same, Gent. ; and Ellis Davies
of Llanrwst, mercer, to be overseers of his will.
Debts due to him as follows : — £20 from David Lloyd of Llwydi-
art, in Anglesey, — long due by him ; £5 iErom Wm. Thos. David ;
208, from John Price of Nant Mawr ; 20«. from Thos. ap Richard
Owen ; £4 from Owen Lloyd of Erethlyn, Gent., — all money lent,
and no interest received " sithence** they were due ; 13«. 4id. due
from Jeffrey Owen ; £S due from Morris Lloyd by bond, etc.
Signed and sealed in the presence of Edward Thomas Clerk,
Richard Kyffin, Thos. ap John Vaughan, Evan Griffith, John Evans,
Humphrey Wynne.
Signs his name David Lloyd.
Outside the will are the names of Hugh Jones, Clerk ; William
Lloyd, Clerk ; John Richardson, Hugh Evans, Ellis Hughes. There
is a piece of sealing-wax, in the shape of a heart, attached to the
will, but unfortunately no impression of a coat of arms.
Index to the Abchjsoloqia Cambrensis. — From this work, which
has now been some time in hand, and is within a measurable dis-
tance of completion, we select the references out of the first three
Series to some of the places within the circuit of the approaching
Meeting of the Association to be held at Denbigh in August next.
It will serve the double purpose of giving some idea of the character
of the work, as well as of the great amount of local information
available in the earlier volumes ; and it will also help our members
to refresh their memories, and so to enjoy the coming excursions
more profitably.
Of the three sets of figures, the first show the Series^ the second
the volume, and the last the page.
MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES.
159
Asaph Cathedml, St. (E. A. F.), ii, v,
279 ; iii, ix, 268
injured by O. Glyndwr, ii, v, 286
stone slabs in, iii, zv, 61
Llyfr Coeh, index to, lii, xiv, 151,
329: notes on, iii, ziv, 433
Parish Church, ii, v, 289; iii, ix,
268
Casfcra Clwydiana (W. W. Ff.), ii, i,
81; ii, i. 174
Moel Arthur, ii, i, 181
Moel FenUi, i, ii, 109; coins (ill.),
ii, i, 81
Moel y Ghier, ii, v, 86
Penycloddiau Camp, ii, i, 186
Oefn, early interments, lii, xv, 197
Fiynnon Fair, St. Mary's Well
(H. L. J.), i, ii, 261
Churches of the Yale of Clwyd (E. A.
F.). iii, ii, 237
Denbififh, Ancient and Modern (Wil-
• liams), rev., iii, i, 69
Castle, i, i, 147; ii, iv, 155; ii, v,
243; iii, i, 64; iii, ix. 2, 69; iii, z, 334
siege of, i, i, 41
Carmelite Priory, i, ii, 65; ii, ▼,
244
— families, i, iv, 69; ii, iii, 69
— records, the lordship (Williams),
rev., iii, vii, 188
St. Hilary's, ii, y, 243 ; iii, ix.
269
St. Marcellus, Whitchurch, i, i,
348 ; ii, i, 137; ii, v. 243
town burnt, 1468, ii, iii, 70
Bisserth Castle, iii, iv, 447
Church, iii, iv, 448
Llanfwrog, ii, v, 241
Llanrhauulr in Kinmerch, i, i, 116;
ii, V, 242; iii, ii, 188; iii, ix, 268
Llanrhndd^ iii, iv, 214
Llanynys, iii, ix, 268
Plas Heaton, Tum., Denb., ii, ii, 274
urn, iii, xiv, 273 (Ul.)
Bhuddlan, battle, i, i, 357
Cas., i, i, 104 ; iii, iv, 445
memoranda, iii, ix, 187-8
Church, iii, iv, 445
— — coffin-lids, iii, iii, 63
Ci-oes Engan, iii, v, 76
Morfa, i, i, 857
Priory, Dominican (H. L. J.), i,
ii, 250, 255; i, iii, 46
tombs, iii, xiii, 365. Abp.
de Bagee ; iii. iv, 446
Stetutes of, iii, iii, 28; iii, vi, 40
Templars, Hospice of St. John,
i, i, 104; i, ii, 251 ; i, iii, 48
Bathin, Annual Meeting, 1854, ii, v,
233 >
burnt by 0. Glyndwr, ii, ii, 27
Cas., i, 1. 38-41 ; ii, v, 213
Collegiate Church, ii, v, 236;
E. A. F., iii, i, 28 (ill.); iii, i,63,
208; iii, ii, 226; iii, iv,423; iii, v,
143; iii, vi, 68
collegiate buildings or cloisters,
III, 1, 33
Collegiate Church foundation-
charter, iii, iii, 96
Church, restoration, iii, ii, 187
(Symond's Diary), iii,
ix, 170
Cross Foxes Inn, iii, ii, 181
Grey de, iii, x, 334
Manor or lordship, ii, v, 235
Mill, ii, V, 287; (E. L. B. ), iii, U,
284, ilL
— Priory, ii, v, 285
School iii, ix. 286
Town HaU, iii, x, 77
160
CAMBEIAN ARCH^OLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
FROGBAMME OF THE ANNUAL MEETING TO BE HELD AT
DENBIGH, AUGUST 22-27, 1887.
MoNDAT EvENiNQ. — Public Meeting at 8.30 p.m.
TuBSDAT. — Denbigh Castle, St. Hilaiy's ChnrchyLeioester'sGliarch,
Barges Tower and Walls; the Abbey, Whitchurch (brass and
tombs) ; Llanrhaiadr Church (roof and glass). Evening Meeting
at 8 P.M.
WBDifBSDAT. — ^Bodfari Church and Camp, Caegwyn and Ffjnnon
Beuno Caves, Tremeirchion Church effigies, St Beuno's College,
Disserth Church and Castle, Bhuddlan Priory, Castle, and Church*
No Evening Meeting.
Thubsdat. — ^Ruthin Church (brasses and roof), Cloisters, School,
Castle, Mill, Llanrhudd Church, Llanfair Church, Llwynynn. Even-
ing Meeting for Members only.
Fbiday. — Trefnant Church, St. Mary's Well, St. Asaph Parish
Church and Cathedral, Yaynol Manor House, Bodelwyddan Church,
Penisa'r Olasgoed, Plas Newydd, Ysgubor Newydd Tumulus, Cefh
Caves, Henllan Church. Evening Meeting at 8.30 p.m.
^uhwtalaah Camkfnsts.
FIFTH SERIFS.— VOL. IV, NO. XV.
JULY 1887.
KING EDWARD II IN SOUTH WALES.
As varying accounts . have been given by chroniclers
and historians of the progress of i&ing Edward II on
the occasion of his flight into South Wales, and of his
stay in the counties of Monmouth and Glamorgan, an
endeavour will be made in the following pages to arrive
at an accurate notion of the facts by collating the
account of a contemporary chronicler \idth the entries
on the Patent Rolls during the King's flight, and con-
cluding with these entries as the best evidence of the
King's progress, and of the straits to which he was re-
duced.
Before entering on the subject a short preface is
necessary in order to explain the position of affairs.
On the accession of Charles le Bel to the throne of
France, Edward was summoned to do homage for his
territories of Guienne and Ponthieu at the French
King's coronation. Failing to attend, he received a
peremptory summons to do his homage at Amiens on
the 1st of July 1324. On the advice of his Parliament
ambassadors were sent in the King's stead to France
^ A Murimuihensis Chronica (Engl. Hist Sooiety, 1846). Muri-
matb had peculiar advantages of knowing what took place. In
1317 and in 1323, when a canon of Hereford, he was entmsted by
the King with important missions to the Conrb of Rome. In 1323
he was appointed a canon of St. F^nl's, and held other ecclesiastical
oflSces in this and the succeeding reign.
5th skr., vol. IV. 11
162 EDWARD II IN SOUTH WALES.
I
to endeavour to obtain a further delay. Fresh diffi-
culties arose on the part of the King of France. At
his suggestion his sister, Queen Isabel, crossed over
with a view to arrange the terms of peace. Ultimately
it was arranged that Edward should grant Guienne
and Ponthieu to his eldest son, and that he should
then do the required homage in the King's stead.
Created Duke of Aquitaine, and invested with the
territories. Prince Edward sailed from Dover, promising
to return speedily when he took leave of the King, on
the 12th of September, with the Bishop of Exeter and
a large train of followers, and did homage to his uncle
at Beauvaia Notwithstanding the repeated and urgent
entreaties of the King, the Queen would neither return
nor suffer her son to return to England, preferring to
remain in the company of Roger Mortimer, who about
three years before had escaped from the Tower of Lon-
don and fled to France, and the other rebels exiled on
the occasion of Lancaster's rebellion, and alleging as an
excuse for remaining in France her dislike to the De-
spensers, and her determination not to return until the
King had dismissed them. The Bishop of Exeter,
alive to the true state of affairs, and failing to have
any influence with the Queen, returned secretly to
England, in fear of Mortimer.
The Queen's dislike to her husband and familiarity
with Mortimer increased ; plots and conspiracies were
contrived between the exiles and the Lancastrian
party. In furtherance of their designs an invasion of
England was planned with the secret approval of
Charles le Bel. In order, however, to avoid all appear-
ance of his complicity in their design, it was arranged
that the expedition should not be made from France,
but from a convenient port of a neighbouring state.
To this end the Queen secured the friendship of the
Count of Hainault by affiancing Prince Edward, then
only fourteen years of age, to the Count's daughter
Philippa, and quitted France for Hainault.
There John de Beaumont, the Count's brother, raised
i
EDWARD II IN SOUTH WALES. 163
a large force of German and Hainault mercenaries to
«irry out her design, and taking the command, set sail
with the Queen, Prince Edward, the Earl of Kent,
Mortimer, and other exiled rebels, from Dordrecht. On
their arrival at Harwich, on the 24th of September
1326, they were immediately joined by the Earls of
Norfolk and Leicester, and many nobles and others of
the Lancastrian party. Several prelates also,' including
the Bishops of Lincoln, Hereford, Durham, and Ely,
supported the Queen's cause with their forces, and the
Archbishop of Canterbury afforded aid with money.
On receipt of news of the invasion, the King endea-
voured to raise an army to oppose the forces arrayed
against him ; but he soon realised his want of support,
and found out that the unpopularity of the.Despensers,
his favourites, had alienated the affections of his sub-
jects. As a last resource he applied to the City of Lon-
don for a levy of men to take the field on his behalf;
but the citizens, while they expressed their loyalty to
the King, answered that they would shut their gates
against the foreign troops, but that they could not
comply with his demand of their support in the field,
as it was contrary to their privileges to serve without
the walls of the City, save for one day only.
Feeling himself abandoned by his subjects, and no
longer safe in London, the King committed the care of
the City to his Treasurer, the Bishop of Exeter, and
with the Despensers, Robert Baldock, his Chancellor,
and a few others of his most trusted followers, quitted
London, and arrived at Gloucester^ on the 12th of
October, on his way to the Marches of Wales. His
departure was the signal for an outbreak in the City
of London. The populace rose, seized the Mayor,
threatened to put all to death who opposed the Queen,
and plundered the houses of the Bishop of Exeter and
others connected with the Court. Meeting the Bishop
^ An entry on Patent Roll, 20 Edward II, m. 8, of a presentation
to the liring of St. Lawrence, Ludlow, shows that he was then at
Gloucester.
IP
164 EDWARD II IN SOUTH WALES.
on his return to London, on the 25th of October, they
beheaded him and two of his attendants at the Great
Cross in Cheapside, and sent his head to the Queen at
Gloucester. On the day following they surprised the
Tower of London, took possession of it, and set all the
prisoners there at liberty.
Meanwhile the Queen with her forces followed the
steps of the King as rapidly as possible, with a view to
cut off his retreat. On tne 15th of October, at Wal-
lingford/ she issued a letter setting forth her reasons
for invading the kingdom, and attributing the blemished
state of the Church and realm to the evil counsels and
influence of the Despensers with the King. Arrived
at Oxford, the Bishop of Hereford, Adam de Orleton,
whose temporal possessions had three years before
been seized bj' the King on account of the Bishop's
participation in Lancaster's rebellion, preached a ser-
mon in the same sense in the presence of the Queen
and Prince. At Gloucester the Queen received a con-
siderable accession to her forces by the arrival of the
Lords Percy and Wake, with many more from the
north of England.
Meanwhile the King had left Gloucester, and pro-
ceeded to Chepstow, probably paying a visit to Tintern
Abbey on his way : for on the 15th of October, when
at Chepstow (Strogoil), he granted to the Abbot one
half of a weir there, with the fishery, providing that no
timber for the repair of the weir should be taken from
his Forest of Dean. On the following day Hugh le
Despenser, Earl of Winchester, was appointed to the
command of the horse and foot in the western counties,
and sent from Chepstow to take the custody and de-
fence of the city and Castle of Bristol.
Passing Berkeley with her army, the Queen restored
the Castle and its possessions, which had fallen into
the hands of the younger Despenser, to Thomas Lord
Berkeley. Her army proceeded onwards to the siege
^ Rjmer's Foedera, second edit., vol. iv, p. 236.
EDWARD II IK SOUTH WALES. 165
of Bristol, then in the Earl of Winchester s custody.
Two or three days after the arrival of the besiegers,
the garrison and citizens revolted, and forced the Earl
to surrender. On receipt of this intelligence the Queen
at once proceeded to Bristol. On her arrival, on the
26th of October, the prelates, noblemen, and others
there held an assembly^ in the presence of the Queen
and Prince, and after a declaration that the kingdom
was without rule by reason of the King's withdrawal
from his realm, with the Despensers and other enemies
of the Queen and Prince, assuming to act with the
assent of the commonalty of the realm, they elected the
Prince as guardian and ruler of the kingdom during
the Kings absence. On the following day the Earl of
Winchester was condemned by popular clamour, with-
out a formal trial, and hung on the common gallows
without the city.
The King, feeling that he was no longer safe at
Chepstow, had, about the 21st of October, embarked
with Hugh le Despenser and a few attendants^ on a
vessel, hoping to escape to Ireland or elsewhere ; but
the wind was contrary, and after tacking about for a
few days he altered his intention, and landed at Car-
diff. There, on the 27th of October, he issued a man-
date to Howel ap lorwerth and Howel ap David for a
general levy of men in the counties of Monmouth and
Glamorgan, to oppose the rebels' and foreigners' ad-
vance. . On the following day he left Cardiff, directing
the Constable of the Castle not to deliver it up to any
one without his or Hugh Despenser's special command,
and proceeded to Despenser's strongly fortified Castle
of Caerphilly. On the 29 th the King made provision
^ Memorandam, Close Bolls, 20 Edward II, m. 3d. Rjmer, vol.
iv, p. 237.
^ "'Bex autem semper latitabat oum panels in aqua Sabrinas, vo-
lens si potnisset ad partes transivisse remotas, sed propter ventnm
contnirium uon yalnit ; nnde applicnit in Glamorgan et transtnlit
se nsqne abbatiam et castrnm de Neth, et ibi confisns in promissi-
one Wallensiam latitabat." (A. Mnrimuth., p. 51.) The Patent
Rolls, m. 7, show that he was at Chepstow on the 18th and 21st.
166 EDWARD II IN SOUTH WALES.
for victualling Caerphilly Castle, and issued mandates
to Rhys ap GriflBth,^ who had rendered him such effi-
cient and faithful service on the occasion of the rebel-
lion of the confederate barons, and to others, to raise
forces in the King's defence in the counties of Glamor-
gan and Pembroke. He remained at Caerphilly until
November 2nd. During his stay there he granted the
custody of the Castle of Llantrissant to David ap Meu-
ric and others, arranged for a further levy of men in
the county of Monmouth, and granted a general pardon
to Roger de St. Maur and others, as well as to all in
Netherwent, for all rebellions and felonies committed
since the 12th of October, on condition that they
became adherents to the royal cause, and gave it their
active support.
The pardons granted on the 2nd of November at
Caerphilly, and subsequently at Margam Abbey, show
to what a hopeless position the King was reduced
when robbers and murderers came there and received
a welcome and pardon on condition of their support.
From Caerphilly the King proceeded to Margam.
During his stay there he granted, on the 3rd of Novem-
ber, letters of protection to the master and mariners of
the Goodyer of Cardiff. If this was the vessel in
which he reached Cardiff, he would probably have
granted them an earlier protection. The date suggests
that he may, on the 3rd of November, have again enter-
tained a hope of escape seaward, and that the vessel
was at a neighbouring port waiting for his commands.
Entries on the Patent Rolls show that the King was
at Margam on the 4th of November, when he issued
an order for guarding all the ports and places on the
coast between the rivers Taff and Tawe, against the
invasion of his enemies.
On the 5th of November, the King with his attend-
ants left Margam for the Castle of Neath, and as a
return for his reception at Margam he endowed the
Abbey with the manor of Kenton, in the county of
' For an account of Rhys ap GriflBth, see vol. ix, p. 294, 4th Ser.
EDWARD II IN SOUTH WALES. 167
Devon, and on the following day granted letters of
protection to the Abbot. At Neath the King continued
until the 10th of November, when, as a last resource,
he sent the Abbot of Neath, Khys ap Griffith, Edward
de Bohun, Oliver de Burdeg, and John de Hersik, with
a safe conduct, to the Queen and Prince at Hereford
to arrange terms. His overtures were not' accepted.
How long afterwards he remained at Neath is uncer-
tain. His next move seems to have been to Swansea
Castle, perhaps in the hope of- being able to escape by
sea. The only evidence of his stay there is a minute
of the finding there, a few days later, of the rolls and
other documents of his Chancery, which contain the
record of his acts down to. November the 10th. The
abandonment by the Chancellor of his rolls and docu-
ments shows to what a state of despair the King and
his few attendants were reduced. Thereafter they
were fugitives, avoiding capture as long as they could,
and hiding wherever they had opportunity, without
hope of escape or mercy from the Queen and Mortimer.
Soon after the surrender of Bristol, the Queen and
Prince, with her mercenary forces, removed to Here-
ford, where she stayed for about a month at the
Bishop's Palace. Obtaining intelligence of the King s
movements, she sent into Glamorganshire Leicester
(who had then assumed the title of Lancaster), William
la Zouch, and Rhys ap Howel, one of the prisoners
liberated by the mob from the Towei', because they
were well known in the county, and were possessed of
lands near the place where the King was supposed to
be in concealment, to capture the King and his attend-
ants. Her emissaries soon succeeded in eflfecting her
commission by bribing the Welsh people in whom the
King trusted, and so discovering his hiding-place.^
On the 16th of November the King, Hugh le De-
spenser, the Chancellor, and Simon de Reding, were
* Murimutb., p. 50; WalsiDgham, Historia Brevis (Lond., 1574),
p. 105.
168 EDWARD II IN SOUTH WALES.
taken prisoners in the neighbourhood of Llantrissent.
His few other attendants were allowed to escape as
unworthy of notice. Lancaster took charge of the
King, and conveyed him to Monmouth. Despenser,
Baldok, and Simon de Reding were taken to the Queen
at Hereford, where, on the 24th of November, they
were all arraigned and condemned, without being
allowed to answer. Despenser and Simon de Reding
were executed ; but the Chancellor, being an ecclesi-
astic, was on conviction delivered to the Bishop of
Hereford, who at first placed him in his own prison.
About Candlemas, Baldok was transferred a prisoner
to the Bishop s house in Old Fish Street Hill, whence
the bailiffs of the City of London, with the connivance
of the Bishop and the aid of a furious mob, took him
to Newgate, where he was inhumanly treated, and soon
afterwards died.
The Queen and her advisers, fearing that the author-
ity of the Prince, as Regent, had ceased on the King's
return to his kingdom^ at Monmouth, sent the Bishop
of Hereford there on the 20th of November to request
that the King would deliver up his possession of the
Great Seal to the Queen and Prince, with a view to
transact what was necessary for the security and wel-
fare of the kingdom. After hearing the Bishop's ex-
planation, the King deliberated a short time, and in
the presence of Lancaster and others answered that it
pleased him to send the Great Seal to his Consort and
son, in order that they might cause the Great Seal
(then closed under his Privy Seal) to be opened, and
under it do those things which as well for right and
peace as of favour ought to be done ; and he gave up
the Great Seal to Sir William de Blount, to be delivered
in the company of the Bishop to the Queen and Prince.
Immediately after the capture of the King, William
la Zouch searched the Castle of Swansea, and on the
22nd of November delivered to the Queen, at Hereford,
four bags of rolls and inquisitions of the King's Chan-
* Memorandum; Rjmer*s Foedera, vol. iv, p. 237.
EDWARD II IN SOUTH WALES. 169
eery which he found in the Castle. Thus an account
of the King's acts during his flight was preserved.
On the 26th of November the Bishop of Hereford
reported the result of his interview with the King to
the Queen, who was then at Marcle, near Ledbury, and
Sir William de Blount^ delivered to her the Great Seal.
On the following Sunday the enclosure containing the
Great Seal was formally opened in the Abbey of Ciren-
cester, in the presence of the Queen, Prince, Mortimer,
and others, and was then and there delivered, on the
King's behalf, to the Bishop of Norwich as its keeper.
Thereafter the Great Seal was made use of by the
Queen and Prince jointly, in the Kings name, on all
occasions, until the King's deposition, and the accession
of the Prince to the throne on the 25th of January fol-
lowing. Thus it was used at Kenilworth on the 30th
of December, in the King's name, to recall his grant of
the custody of Caerphilly to John de Felton during
the King's stay there, and to substitute Roger de
Chandos as the custodian of it. So also was it used to
summon a Parliament at Westminster in the beginning
of Januaiy.
From Monmouth the Earl of Lancaster took the
King, by way of Ledbury, to his Castle of Kenilworth,
where the King remained during the winter. On the
meeting of the Parliament a deputation, selected from
the Lords and Commons, was appointed to visit the
King at Kenilworth, and require him to abdicate in
Prince Edward's favour. The King received the depu-
tation, and had no alternative but to assent to their
request. On the report of the deputation the King
was formally deposed, and the Prince's coronation took
place on the 25th of January.
It only remains to briefly mention, as a sequel to the
* Sir Thomas de Blount, tho King's steward, when he indeed the
King's caase to be hopeless, had gone over to the Queen s side, and
taken with him his family, and had contributed arms, provisions,
and war*horses to her forces. (Waisingham, p. 105.) He was pro-
bably the Sir William de Blount above mentioned.
170 EDWARD II IN SOUTH WALES.
narrative, that the unfortunate King was. soon after-
M^ards, through the influence of the Queen and Morti-
mer, who thought that he had been treated too tenderly
by Lancaster, consigned to the custody of Lord Berke-
ley and John de Mautravers, and about Palm Sunday
secretly taken to Berkeley Castle ; thence, from fear of
a rising of the county for his release, he was secretly
removed by night to Corfe Castle and other places, in
order that the place of his confinement might be un-
known ; and ultimately again taken to Berkeley Castle,
where Lord Berkeley and Mautravers had each in turn
his custody for a month ; the former treating him
humanely, and the latter otherwise/ There he re-
mained until the 21st of September, when, in the
absence of Lord Berkeley, he was cruelly murdered by
Mautravers and Thomas de Gournay.
R. W. B.
Grant to Tintern Abbey of the half of the Pool of Bithekes
Weir, with the Fishery. Strogoill, 16 Oct. 1326. (Patent
EoU, 20 Edw. II, m. 8.)
" Pro Abbate et Conuentu de Tynterne. — Rex omnibus ad
quos etc. salutem Sciatis quod de gracia nostra speciali dedi-
mus et concessimus pro nobis et heredibus nostris dilectis nobis
in Chris to Abbati et Conuentui de Tynterne Medietatem nos-
tram gurgitis de Bithekes Were cum piscaria nostra ibidem et
aliis pertinenciis suis quibuscumque Habendum et tenendum
eisdem Abbati et Conuentui et successoribus suis de nobis et
heredibus nostris in liberam puram et perpetuam elemosinam
Nolumus enim quod ijdem Abbas et Conuentus seu successores
sui racione donacionis et concessionis predictarum aliquod ma-
heremium in foresta nostra de Dene pro reparacione medietatis
predicti gurgitis clamare poterunt seu capiant quouis mode In
cuius etc. Teste Bege apud Strogoill' xvj. die Octobris.
" r' per ipsum Begem."
Notice to the King's Ministers in Magor and WentUwch, of a
Levy of Men in Parts of Glamorgan and Monmouth. (Pa-
tent EoU, 20 Edward II, m. 7.)
**:! Pro Bege de populo in Wallia leuando. — Bex Vicecomiti-
bus Balliuis Ministris et omnibus fidelibus suis de terns de Mag-
hay et Wenthelok' et aliis tam infra libertates quam extra ad
^ Murimath., p. 53 ; Walsinghara, p. 108.
EDWARD II IN SOUTH WALES. 171
quos etc. salutem Sciatis quod assignauimus dilectos nobis
Howel ap Yoreward' ap Griffith' et Howel ap Dauid coniunctim
et divisim ad leuandum et leuari faciendum totum populum de
terris predictis contra ininiicos et rebelles noatros ac alienigenas
qui regnum nostrum hostiliter sunt ingressi, et ad ipsos prose-
quendum arestandum grauandum et destruendum omnibus viis
et modis quibus fore viderint faciendum et ideo vobis omnibus
et singulis in fide et ligeancia quibus nobis tenemini et sub
forisfactura omnium que nobis forisfacere poteritis in corpori-
bus et rebus firmiter iniungendo mandamus quod eisdem Howel
et Howel et eorum alteri in premissis intendentes sitis consu-
lentes et cum toto posse virorum auxiUantes quociens et quando
per ipsos Howel et Howel vel eorum alterum super hoc ex parte
nostra fueritis premoniti Damns autem prefatis Howel et
Howel et eorum alteri plenam tenore presencium potestatem
omnes et singulos quos in hac parte contrarios seu rebelles in-
venerint vel invenerit in corporibus et rebus suis puniendi et
castigandi omnibus viis et modis quibus viderint vel viderit
faciendum In cuius etc. Teste Eege apud Kaerdif xxvij. die
Octobris.
" :! per ipsum Regem.
"Eodem modo assignantur subscript! in terris subscripts
videlicet : —
" Yeuanus ap Meuryk
" Yeuanus ap Morgan
" in terris de Nedeslonde^ et Kilneye
" Keen ap Grenou
" Thlewelyn ap Maddok' ap Howel
" Howel ap Yoreward' ap Thlewath'
" in terra de Seint Geny th^
" Johannes Beneyt
" Yeuanus ap Phelip*
" in terris de Usk' Tregruk' et Edelogon^
" Howel ap Vaghan ap Howel ap Eynon
" Howel ap Yoreward Vaghan
" in terra de Bergeueny
" Thlewelyn ap Kenwreyk'
" Dauid ap Meuryk*
" Maddok' Vaghan
** in terris de Meskyn Glenrotheneye Talenan Ryth-
yn et Glenogour* in terris de Tiriarth^ et Auen-
eslonde."
^ Nedde, or Neath, and Kilvey. * Sangbenydd.
^ Cotnmot Bdelygion.
^ Commots Miskin, Glyn Rhondda, Tal y van, Rnthyn, and Glyn
Ogwr. * Tir larll and Avan (?).
1 72 EDWARD II IN SOUTH WALES.
Notice to the King's Ministers in the County of Pembroke and
District adjoining, of the Authority to Ehys ap Griffith to
levy Men for the King's Defence. Caerphilly, 29 Oct. 1326.
(Patent EoU, 20 Edw. II, m. 7.)
'* Pro Rege de hominibus defensalibus tarn equitibus quam
peditibus leuandis. — Rex vicecomitibus Ballivis Ministris et
omnibus tidelibus suis de Comitatu Pembrochie et partibus ad-
iacentibus tarn infra libertates quam extra ad quos etc. salutem
Sciatis quod assignauimus dilectum et fidelem nostrum Resum
ap Uriffitli' ad leuandum et leuari faciendum omues homines
defensabiles tam equites quam pedites de terra et partibus ad-
iacentibus predictis et ad ducendum ipsos ad nos ad vadia nos-
tra cum omni festinacione quam poterit in subsidium nostrum
et regni nostri contra hostiles aggressus inimicorum et rebel-
lium nostrorum ac alienigenarum qui regnum nostrum hostiliter
sunt ingressi Et ideo vobis omnibus et singulis in fide et lige-
ancia quibus nobis tenemini et sub forisfactura omnium que
nobis forisfacere poteritis mandamus quod eidem Reso in pre-
missis cum toto posse vestro sitis intendentes consulentes et
auxiliantes quociens et quando per ipsum super hoc ex parte
nostra fueritis premuniti Damns autem prefato Reso plenam
tenore presencium potestatem omnes et singulos quos in hac
parte contraries inueniret sen rebelles et quos inimicos nostros
reputamus puniendi et castigandi omnibus viis et modis quibus
iuxta discrecionem suam fore viderit faciendum In cuius etc.
Teste Rege apud KerfiUy xxix. die Octobris.
" per ipsum Regeni,
"Eodem modo assignantur subscripti in tenis subscriptis
videlicet : —
" Robertus de Penres
" Robertus de Pembrugge
" coniunctim et diuisim in terra de Gower et parti-
bus adiacentibus
" Idem Robertus de Penres in villa de Hauerford et partibus
adiacentibus
'* Owenus ap Maddok'
" Dauid ap Meurik'
" coniunctim et diuisim in terra de Morgannok' ex-
cepta ilia clausa damus autem etc."
Warrant to Henry de Umfreville and Adam le Walsh for pro-
visioning the Castle of Caerphilly. 29 Oct. (Patent Roll,
20 Edw. II, m. 6.)
" liex dilectis et fidelibus suis Henrico de Umfreuille et Ade
KDWARD II IN SOUTH WALES. 173
le Walsh r' salutem Mandamus vobis firmiter iniungentes quod
statim visis presentibus in omnibus locis in terra de Gloumor-
gan et partibus adiacentibus ubi expedire videritis ex parte nos-
tra facere publice proclamari quod omnes mercatores et alij qui
blada panem ceruisiam cames pisces seu alia victualia quecun-
que vendere consueuerint seu voluerint ea ad Castrum de Ker-
filly ubi moram facimus cumomni festinacione ducant et duci
faciant ibidem vendenda pro sustentacione nostra et fidelium
nostrorum nobiscum ibidem commorancium ipsos mercatores et
alios ad hoc viis et modis quibus poteritis compellendo omnibus
et singulis inhibentes ne qui sub gravi forisfactura nostra feria
6eu mercata alicubi teneant vel aliqua huiusmodi victualia ven-
dant seu vendi faciant nisi apud Castrum predictum dum ibi-
dem contigerit nos morari Damns autem vobis plenam tenore
presencium potestatem omnes illos quos in hac parte contraries
inueneritis et rebeUes castigandi et puniendi prout iuxta discre-
ciones vestras fore videritis faciendum Mandamus insuper
vicecomitibus Ballivis Ministris et omnibus fidelibus nostris
quod vobis et alt^ri vestrorum sub gravi forisfactura nostra in
premissis omnibus et singulis intendentes sint consulentes et
auxiliantes quociens at quando per vos vel alterum ex parte
nostra fuerint premoniti In cuius etc. Teste Rege apud Ker-
filly xxix. die Octobris.
*• per ipsum Regem/'
Acquittance to Bogo de Knoville of 500 marcs, residue of 1,000
marcs due for a fine to the King. Caerphilly, 29 Oct.
(Patent EoU, 20 Edw. II, m. 8.)
a, " Pro Bogone de Knouill'.^ — Rex omnibus ad quos etc. salu-
tem Sciatis quod cum nuper ad requisicionem dilecti nepotis
et fidelis nostri Hugonis le Despenser pardonauimus dilecto et
fideli nostro Bogoni de Knouille quinquaginta* marcas de illis
mille marcis per quas finem fecit nobiscum pro vita sua soluen-
dum et terris suis rehabendum prout in literis nostris patenti-
bus eidem Bogoni inde confectis plenius continetur Nos ad re-
quisicionem eiusdem Hugonis volentes eidem Bogoni gratiam
facere vberiorem pardonauimus ei residuas quingentas marcas
de mille marcis supradictis et ipsum inde tenore presencium
quietamus In cuius etc. Teste Rege apud Kaerfily xxix. die
Octobris.
" per ipsum Regem.
^ This marginal note refers also to the first pardon of *^ qaingen-
tas marcas", dated at Strogoill, the 10th of October, and which
immediately precedes the second pardon quoted above.
■ Sic. Qu. ** qaiDgentas".
1 74 EDWARD II IN SOUTH WALES.
"Et memorandum quod ista litera tradita fuit per Dominum
Eegem prefato Bogoni custodiendum in equali manu et predicto
Bogoni liberandum si bene se gesserit erga Regem et suos.'*
Grant of the custody of the Castle of Llantrissan to David ap
Meuric and others. 30 Oct. Caerphilly. (Originalia EoU,
20 Edw. II, m. 11. " Patentes.")
'* De Castro commisso. — Rex commisit Dauid ap Meuric How-
elo Seys et GrilB&th' ap Yeuan Tate coniunctim et diuisim Cas-
trum de Lantrissan in manum Regis quibusdam de causis exis-
tens custodiendum quamdiu Rex placuerit In cuius etc. Teste
Rege a pud E^aerfiUi xxx. die Octobris.
" per ipsum Regem-^^
Notice to the King's Ministers of the Lands of Caerlion and
Edologon, of Authority of Philip Vaghan and Howel ap
Madanewe to levy Forces against the King's Enemies.
Caerphilly, 30 Oct. (Patent Roll, 20 Edw. II, m. 7.)
" Pro Rege de hominibus eligendis. — Rex vicecomitibus Bal-
livis Ministris et omnibus fidelibus suis de terris de Kaerlion
et Edologon tam infra libertates quam extra ad quos etc. salu-
tem Sciatis quod cum quibusdam de causis ceperimus terras
predictas in manum nostram assignauimus dilectos nobis Phi-
lippum Vaghan et Howelum ap Madanewe coniunctim et diui-
sim ad eligendum arraiandum et leuandum omnes homines tam
equites quam pedites de terris predictis ad defensionem parcium
illarum contra hostiles aggressus inimicorum et rebellium nos-
trorum ac alienigenarum qui regnum nostrum hostiliter sunt
ingressi si ipsos ad partes illas contigerit declinare necnon ad
ducendum ipsos ad nos ubicumque fuerimus ad vadia nostra
in subsidium nostrum et regni nostri contra inimicos et rebelles
ac alienigenas supradictos quociens et quando per nos vel per
dilectum nepotem et fidelem nostrum Hugonem le Despenser
Dominum de Gloumorgon super hoc ex parte nostra fuerint pre-
moniti Et ideo vobis omnibus et singulis in fide et ligeancia
quibus nobis tenemini firmiter iniungendo mandamus quod eis-
dem Philippe et Howelo ac eorum alteri in premissis omnibus
^ On the same membrs^ne, under the head of Extracte ClaasarV'
there is a mandate to the receiver of the land of Morgan to pay
moneys to Roger de Channdos, keeper of the 8aid land, for the
wages of the men besieging the Castle of Kerfily, 2nd January.
On m. 7, the comniisBion to Res ap Griffith of the castody of Lam-
padern Castle is dated at Kaerfilly 31st Oct.
EDWARD II IN SOUTH WALES. 175
et singulis sitis intendentes consulentes-et auxiliantes quociens
et quando per ipsos vel eorum alteram super hoc ex parte nos-
tra fueritis premoniti Damus autem prefatis Philippo et How-
elo ac eorum alteri plenam tenore presencium potestatem puni-
endi et castigandi omnes et singulos quos in hac parte contrarios
seu rebelles inuenerint omnibus viis et modis quibus iuxta dis-
crecionem suam melius viderint faciendum In cujus etc. Teste
Rege apud KaerfiUi .xxx. die Octobris.
" Eodem modo assignantur subscripti in terris subscriptis :
"Johannes Beneyt in terra de Usk' Howelus ap Yere-
ward' ap Griffith et Howelus ap Dauid ap Adam in terris de
Maghay^ et Wenthlok' Howelus ap Yeruarth ap Thlowarth
Yeuan ap Euyn et Thlewelyn ap Madok' ap Howel in terris de
Sengheneth et Kybor* Dauid ap Meuric ap Howel in domi-
nio de Meiskyn et Glynrotheny Thomas ap Kenewrek' et
Willielmus ap Phelip in terris de Taluan Ruchyn et Glynogor
Madocus Vaghan et Ynianus ap Meuric Vaghan in terris de
Wigemore^ Tawe et Cotisslond'."*
Pardon for all Rebellion and Offences since the 1 2th of October
to Roger de St. Maur, Meuric de Kemmeys, William de
Demeford, John de la More, and Philip Vaghan, and all of
every state and condition in NetherwjBnt who may espouse
the King^s Cause against his Enemies. Caerphilly, 30 Oct.
(Patent Roll, 20 Edw. II, m. 7.)
" De pardonacione. — Rex omnibus Ballivis et fidelibus suis
ad quos etc. salutem Sciatis quod de gracia nostra speciali par-
donauimus Rogero de Sancto Mauro Meurico de Kemmeys
Willelmus de Derneford' Johannem de la More et Philippo
Vaghan ac omnibus aliis hominibus cuiuscumque status seu
condicionis fuerint de partibus de Netherwent et eorum cuiUbet
sectam pacis nostre pro omuimodis rebellionibus contra nos et
nostros et adhesionibus inimicis et rebellibus nostris necnon
pro homicidiis roberiis et feloniis quibuscumque per ipsos seu
eorum aliquem a duodecimo die Octobris proximo preterite vs-
que ad diem confeccionis presencium contra pacem nostram
factis et firmam pacem nostram eis et eorum cuilibet inde con-
cedimus Ita tamen quod ijdem Rogerus Meuricus Willelmus
Johannes et Philippus ac omnes alii de partibus predictis in
nos seu nostros quoscumque quouismodo ex nunc in perpetuum
non insurgant nee nobis seu nostris aut nobis adherentibus
dampnum de guerra seu quouis alio modo inferaut nee inimicis
* Magor. 2 Kibbwr. * Ogmore, Tawe, and Coyty (?).
176 EDWARD II IN SOUTH WALES.
aut rebellibus nostris vel nobis adherencium adhereant nee eis
aut eorum alicui contra nos seu nobis adherentes opem auxi-
lium consilium prestent vel fauorem set ipsos inimicos et rebel-
les nostros et nostrum et ipsis inimicis et rebellibus nostris ad-
herentes prosequantur grauent et destruant toto posse sue
nobiscum et nostris contra quoscumque aduersarios contrarios
et inimicos nostros auxilium et iuuamen fideliter prestent quo-
ciens opus fuerit toto uisu In cuius etc. Teste Bege apud
Kerfilly .xxx. die Octobris,
" per ipsum Regem."
Protection for one Year to John Joseph, Master of the King's
Ship called the Godyer of Caerdiff, and seven Mariners of
the same Ship. Maigam, 3 Nov. 1326. (Patent Eoll, 20
Edw. II, m. 8.)
"De protectione. — Johannes Joseph Magister nauis Regis
vocate le Godyer de KaerdiP et Johannes Bursy Bicardus de
Shlo Johannes Dineuras WiUelmus Dauy Nicholas Aufey Jo-
hannes Moriz et Johannes Payn Marinarii eiusdem nauis habent
literas Begis de protectione simplici per unum annum duratu-
ras Teste Bege apud Morgan tercio die Nouembris.
" per ipsum Begem."
Protection to the Abbot of Margam. Neath, 6 Nov.
" Abbas de Morgan habet literas Begis de proteccione cum
clausa Nolumus quod de bladis etc. pro unum annum duratu-
ras Teste Bege apud Neeth vj. die Nouembris,
" per ipsum B^em."
Pardons granted at Caerphilly on 2nd Nov., and at Margam on
4th Nov. 1326. (Patent Boll, 20 Edw. II, m. 6.)
"De pardonacione. — Bex omnibus Ballivis et iidelibus suis
ad quos etc. salutem Sciatis quod de gracia nostra speciali par-
donauimus Henrico de Kaerdif sectam pacis et quicquid ad nos
pertinet de eo quod ipse iniraicus et rebellis noster extitit et
aliis inimicis et rebellibus nostris adherens fuit et firmam pacem
nostram ei inde concedimus Nolentes quod predictus Henricus
occasione predicta per nostros vel heredes nostros seu Ministros
nostros quoscumque occasionetur molestetur in aliquo seu gra-
uetur Eestituimus eciam eidem Henrico terras et tenemeuta
sua nobis ea occasione forisfacta tenendum prout ea prius tenuit
saluo in . . . cuiuslibet In cuius etc. Teste Bege apud Kaerfilly
secundo die Nouembris.
" :! per ipsum Begem."
EDWARD II IN SOUTH WALES. 177
" Rex omnibus Ballivis et fidelibus suis ad quos etc. salutem
Sciatis quod de gracia nostra speciali pardonauimus Eicardo
Cokeman sectam pacis nostre que ad nos pertinet pro morte
Hugonis Wieland' necnon pro omnibus aliis homicidiis roberiis
et feloniis per ipsum in regno nostro contra pacem nostram per-
petratis unde indictatus sen rectatus existit dum tamen de
morte^ Rogeri Beler nuper in comitatu Leycester nequiter inter-
fecti culpabilis non existat et eciam utlagarias si que in ipsum
quibuscumque occasionibus fuerint promulgate et finnam pacem
nostram ei inde concedimus Ita tamen quod idem Ricardus in
Castro de Kerfilly in quo ipsum dimisimus pro salua et secura
custodia Castri iUius ad vadia nostra moram faciat durante cus-
todia supradicta et stet recto in Curia nostra si quis versus eum
loqui voluerit de morte homicidiis roberiis et feloniis supradic-
tis In cuius etc. Teste vt supra.
"per ipsum Regem.
" Consuetas literas de pardonacione habent subscripti videli-
cet Johannes Cole de Licham pro omnibus homicidiis roberiis
et feloniis etc. ut supra Teste ut supra.
" per ipsum Regem.
" Willelmus le Baker de Heslarton' pro morte Thome le Bar-
bour necnon pro omnibus aliis homicidiis etc. ut supra Teste
ut supra.
" per ipsum Regem.
" Eutachius of the Lode pro omnibus homicidiis etc. vt supra
Teste ut supra.
" r' per ipsum Regem.
" Rex omnibus Ballivis et fidelibus suis ad quos etc. salutem
Sciatis quod de gracia nostra speciali pardonauimus Dauid ap
Cadogon sectam pacis nostre que ad nos pertinet pro morte
Howeli ap Kydenor necnon pro omnibus aliis homicidiis robe-
riis et feloniis per ipsum contra pacem nostram perpetratis unde
indictatus sen rectatus existit dum tamen de morte Rogeri Beler
* Roger Beler was made a Baron of the Exchequer, July 20, 1322.
He was attacked and ni ordered January 29, 1326, on his journey
from Kirkby to Leicester, by Sir Eustace de Folville, lord of the
adjoining manor of Ashby, who was himself mortally wounded by
an arrow. A commission was issued to try the offenders, and the
goods of Roger la Zouch, lord of Lubesthorp, and Robert de Hele-
wele, charged as accessories, and flying from justice, were thereupon
ordered to be seized into the King's hands. He was buried in his
chantry chapel at Kirkby, where his tomb, with an alabaster effigy
of him in armour, still remains. (Foss, Judgei of England, p. 81.)
5th IBIi., TOL. lY. 12
178 EDWARD n IX SOUTH WAI.ES.
nuper in comitatu Leycester nequiter interfecti culpabilis non
existat et eciam utlagarias si que in ipsum quibascumque occa-
sionibus fuerint promulgate et finnaui pacem nostram ei inde
concedimus Ita tamen quod proficiscatur nobiscum in obse-
quium nostrum ad vadia nostra contra inimicos et rebelles nos-
tros ac alienigenas qui regnum nostrum hostiliter sunt ingressi
et stet recto in Curia nostra si quis versus eum loqui voluerit
de morte homicidiis roberiis et feloniis supradictis Sestituimus
eciam eidem Dauid terras et tenementa bona et catalla sua ea
occasione in manum nostram capta In cuius etc. Teste fiege
apud Morgan quarto die Nouembris.
" i per ipsum Regem."
Pardon to Eobert ap Meuric and Ynian ap Meuric for the mur-
der of Ynian ap Gwillim. Margam, 4 Nov. (Patent Roll,
20 Edw. II, m. 7.)
" Bex omnibus Ballivis et fidelibus suis ad quos etc. salutem
Sciatis quod de gracia nostra speciali pardonauimus Roberto ap
Meuric et Yniano ap Meuric sectam pacis nostre et quicquid ad
nos pertinet pro morte Yniani ap Guillim vnde rectati existunt
et eciam utlagarias si que in ipsos ea occasione fuerint promul-
gate et jSrmam pacem nostram eis inde concedimus Ita tamen
quod proficiscantur nobiscum in obsequium nostrum ad vadia
nostra contra inimicos et rebelles nostros ac alienigenas qui r^-
num nostrum liostiliter sunt ingressi et stent recto in Curia
nostra si qui versus eos loqui voluerint de morte predicta Ee-
stituimus eciam eisdem Roberto et Yniano terras et tenementa
bona et catalla sua ea occasione in manum nostram capta In
cuius etc. Teste Rege apud Morgan iiij*<* die Nouembris.
" :' per ipsum Regem."
Acquittance to Thomas Broun of £50 of his yearly Rent for the
Farm of the Manor of DrifiFeld. Margam, 4 Nov. 1326.
(Patent Roll, 20 Edw. II, m. 6.)
"Pro Thoma Broun. — Rex omnibus ad quos etc. salutem
Sciatis quod pro bono servicio quod dilectus vallettus noster
Thomas Broun nobis hactenus impendit et impendet in futuro
pardonauimus ei quinquaginta libras de termino Sancti Micha-
elis proxime preterito de iUis centum libris quas nobis annua-
tim soluere tenetur ad Scaccarium nostrum pro firma manerii
de DriflTeld' cum pertinenciis quod ei dimisimus vsque ad cer-
tum tempus habendum et ipsum de eisdem quinquaginta libris
tenore presencium quietamus In cujus etc. Teste Rege apud
Morgan .iiij. die Nouembris.
" per ipsum Regem."
EDWARD II IN SOUTH WALES. 179
Notice to the King's Ministers of Glamorgan and parts adjoin-
ing, that the King had assigned the Custody of all the Ports
on the Sea-Coast, between the Eivers TaflF and Tawe, to
John Juyl, Thomas Somery, Philip Goul, and Walter Cady.
Margam, 4 Nov. (Patent EoU, 20 Edw. II, m. 7.)
" Pro Bege de custodiendo omnes portos et loca per costeram
maris inter Teffe et Thawe. — Bex Senescallis vicecomitibus
Constabnlariis balliuis Ministris et omnibus fidelibus suis tam
Anglicis quam Wallicis de terra de Glamorgan et partibus ad-
iacentibus tam infra Ubertates quam extra ad quos etc salutem
Sciatis quod assignauimus dileetos nobis Johannem Juyl Tho-
mcmi Somery Philippum Goul et Walterum Cady coniunctim et
diuisim ad custodiendum omnes portus et loca per costeram
maris inter Toffe et Thawe contra hostiles aggressus inimicorum
et rebellium nostrorum ac alienigenarum qui regnum nostrum
hostiliter sunt ingressi si qui forsan terram nostram ingredi
voluerint per portus et loca supradicta Et ideo vobis omnibus
et singulis in fide et ligeancia quibus nobis tenemini firmiter
iniungendo mandamus quod idem Johanni Thome Philippo et
Waltero et eorum cuilibet in omnibus que ad saluam et securam
custodiam portuum et locorum predictorum pertinent cum toto
posse vestro intendentes sitis consulentes et auxiliantes quociens
et quando per ipsos sen eorum aliquem super hoc ex parte nos-
tra fueritis premoniti In cuius etc. Teste Bege apud Moi^gan
.iiij*<> die Nouembris.
" per ipsum Begem."
Grant to the Abbot and Convent of Margam of the Manor of
Kenton, Devonshire. Neath, 5th Nov. (Patent Boll, 20
Edw. II, m. 6,)
" Pro Abbate et Conventu de Morgan. — Bex omnibus ad quos
etc. salutem Sciatis quod ob affeccionem quam ad dileetos no-
bis in Christo fratrem Johannem Abbatem de Morgan et eius-
dem loci Conuentus gerimus et habemus dedimus et concessimus
pro nobis et heredibus nostris eisdem Abbate et Conuentui
Manerium nostrum de Kentone cum pertinenciis in Comitatu
Deuon' Habendum et tenendum sibi et successoribus suis in
augmentacionem sustentacionis sue et hospitalitatis et elemosi-
narum largicionis ac aliorum priorum operum que in eodem
Monasterio excercentur de nobis et heredibus nostris per ser-
uicia inde debita et consueta imperpetuum Et si contingat ali-
quem ratione iuris si quid in eodem manerio habuerit mane-
rium illud versus prefatos Abbatem et Connentum recuperare
tunc nos et heredes nostri eisdem Abbati et Conuentui de quin-
12*
180 EDWARD II IN SOUTH WALES.
quaginta libratis terre et redditus cum pertinenciis hixta verum
valorem eorundem alibi in loco competenti prouidere teneamur
vel si nos manerium predictum cum pertinenciis aliquo tempore
rehabere velimus tunc nos eisdem Abbati et Conuentui ante-
quam ipsi de manerio illo ammoueantur de quinquaginta libra-
tis terre et redditus cum pertinenciis iuxta verum valorem eo-
rundem alibi in loco competenti prouideri faciemus In cuius
etc. Teste Bege apud Neeth .\^ die Nouembris.
" per ipsum Eegem."
" Et mandatum est Custodi Manerii predicti quod Manerium
predictum dictis Abbati et Conuentui liberaret habendum in
forma predicta Teste ut supra/'
Minute as to Eemoval of KoUs and Inquisitions from the Castle
of Swansea to Hereford on 22 Nov. (Patent EoU, 20
Edw. II, m. 5.)
" Memorandum factum de rotulis Cancellarie in Wallia cap-
tis. — Memorandum quod die Sabbati in festo Sancte Cecilie
Virginis anno regni Regis Edwardi filii Regis Edwardi vicesimo
Willelmus la Zousche Johannes de Sancto Johanne et Edwardus
de Sancto Johanne milites deportari fecerunt in Cameram
Domine Isabelle Regine Anglie in palacio Episcopi Herefordie in
quo eadem Regina tunc fuit hospitata quatuor baggos in quibus
erant rotuli inquisiciones et alia memoranda de Cancellarie dicti
Domini Regis per ipsos captos in Castro de Swayneseye in
Wallia consignatos sigillo ipsius Willielmi qui quidem baggi
sic consignati liberati fuerunt Magistro Henrico de Clyfe Custodi
rotulorum dicte Cancellarie tunc ibidem presenti qui eos recepit
et secum ad hospicium suum deportari fecit."
Grant, in the King's Name, of the Custody of the Castle of Caer-
philly to Roger de Chaundos, and Order to John de Felton
to deliver up the same to him ; and of the Custody of the
Money, Arms, and other Effects in the Castle to Thomas de
London. 30 December 1326. Kenilworth. (Originalia
Roll, 20 Edw. II, m. 9.)
" De custodia Castri de KaerfiUy commissa. — Rex omnibus
ad quos etc. salutem licet nuper nos tunc existentes in Castro
de Kaerfilly commisissemus Johanni de Felton' custodiam Cas-
tri predicti cum pertinenciis et omnium bonorum nostrorum in
eodem Castro per nos dimissorum habendum quamdiu nobis
4)laceret Ita quod Castrum illud uxori nostre nee Edwardo filio
nostro nee alicui alteri ciuuscumque status seu condicionis ex-
EDWARD n IN SOUTH WALES. 181
isteret nisi nobis seu illi per quern literas nostras patentes pre-
fato Johanni dirigeremus quouis modo liberaret de fidelitate
tamen probata dilecti et fidelis nostri Bogeri de Chaundos ple-
narie confidentes commisimus ei custodiam Castri predicti et
bononim nostrorum iam existencium in eodem habendum quam-
diu nobis placuerit In cuius etc. Teste Eege apud Kenilworth
.XXX. die Decembris." ^
" Pro Eege de eodem Castro liberando. — Rex dilecto et fideli
suo Johanne de Felton' salutem Licet nuper nos in Ceistro de
KaerfiUy tunc existentes et ab eodem Castro pro quibusdam
arduis negociis nos et regnum nostrum tangentibus recedentes
diuersa bona nostra dimisissemus in eodem ac de fideUtate ves-
tra probata plenarie confidentes commisissemus vobis custo-
diam Castri predicti cum pertinenciis ac omnium bonorum nos-
trorum predictorum quamdiu nobis placeret Ita quod Castrum
illud vxori nostre nee Edwardo filio nostro nee alicui alteri
cuiuscunque status seu condicionis existeret nisi nobis seu illi
per quem literas nostras vobis specialiter certis intersignis inter
vos et nos stabilitis dirigeremus quouis modo liberaretis sub
pena trahicionis et forisf acture terrarum et tenementorum bono-
rum et catallorum vestrorum quorumcumque ad que quidem
Castrum et boiiia in forma predicta custodiendi, sacramentimi
corporale cum nobis super sancta Euangelia prestitistis Quia
tamen iam commisimus dilecto et fideli nostro Rogero de Chaun-
dos custodiam Castri et bonorum nostrorum predictorum haben-
dum quamdiu nobis placeret prout in literis nostris patentibus
eidem Rogero inde confectis plenius continetur vobis mandamus
sub forisfactura terrarum et tenementorum bonorum et catallo-
rum ac omnium aliorum que nobis forisfacere poteritis firmiter
iniungeutes quod eidem Rogero Castrum et bona nostra in eo-
dem existencia per indenturam inter vos et ipsiim inde confici-
endam sine dilacione aliqua liberaretis Non obstante quod
dicta intersigna sic inter nos et vos stabilita que certis de causis
subticemus ad presens in presentibus literis nostris non conti-
nentur volumus enim vos de Castro et bonis nostris predictis ac
de Sacramento per vos coram nobis prestito sicut predictum est
exnunc erga nos et heredes nostros totaliter exonerari In cuius
etc. Teste ut supra."
" De custodia Thesauri in Castro de KaerfiUy existente com-
missa. — Rex omnibus ad quos etc. salutem Sciatis quod com-
misimus dilecto clerico nostro Thome de London' custodiam
^ I recognise my error in supposing (vol. iii, p. 172) that the
King returned to Caerphilly, being misled by an abbreviation of the
record without date or teste.
182 OYSTERMOUTH CASTLE.
tocius thesauri nostri auri et argenti armaturarum victualium
et omnium aliorum bonorum et catallorum nostrorum in Castro
de Kaerfilly existencium habendum quamdiu nobis placuerit
Ita quod nobis inde respondeat Jn cuius etc. Teste Eege apud
Kenilworth tercio die Januarii."
"In Eotulo primo Regis Edwardi filii Regis huius in Item
London*. — Et mandatum est Rogero de Chaundos quod thesau-
rum aurum argentum armaturas victualia et omnia alia bona et
catalla predicta que ei nuper per Johannem de Felton' Constabu-
larium Castri predicti ad opus Regis Rex mandauit liberari cum
ea receperit prefato Thome per indenturam inter ipsos inde con-
ficiendum sine dilacione aliqua liberaret custodiendum in forma
predicta vult enim Rex ipsum Rogerum extunc erga Regem ex-
onerari Teste ut supra."
OYSTERMOUTH CASTLE.
William of Normandy, to secure a permanent posses-
sion of this island, encouraged his nobles and prelates,
by large grants of land, to erect fortified places.
Amongst the number erected in his own reign may be
named the Tower of London, Porchester, Canterbury,
Rochester, Dover, Colchester, Norwich, Ludlow, Corf,
Hedingham, Guildford, Oxford, Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
Bamborough, and Richmond. These, in plan, were
square or oblong. Of the round or polygonal, the fol-
lowing are the most important : Arundel, Conisburgh,
York, Tunbridge, Lincoln, Windsor, Durham, and Berke-
ley. A general idea of the plan of those buildings may
not be uninteresting, and may be of use to visitors
who may be examining such buildings at another time.
Generally an eminence near a river was chosen for
the site. The boundary-walls were often of great ex-
tent, and in plan very irregular, the form being dic-
tated by the position and levels of the ground. The
external walls were surrounded by a broad ditch or
fosse, which could in some instances be filled with
OYSTERMOUTH CASTLE. 183
water when required. The most advanced work beyond
the fosse was the barbican or watch-tower. It was
placed before the drawbridge and principal entrance as
a protection from sudden assaults. These outworks
were of great strength, and so planned that if the gate
were forced, those within could continue the fighting
from the turrets and embrasures whilst attacks upon
the drawbridge-entrance were being made.
Within the ditch or fosse the boundary walls of the
castle were built of great strength and thickness (Dover
Castle, in some parts, being no less than 24 feet thick),
and at the most commanding positions, such as the
angles, strong towers were built, in which the officers
of the castle resided. Inside the walls were the store-
houses, the apartments of the retainers, etc., and the
necessary offices. About 5 feet below the top of the
external walls, and on the inside of them, there was a
parapet or walk extending the round of the walls, and
leading to the several towers. This walk was protected
by battlements.
The principal entrance was protected by a portcullis,
a massive grating of framed wood and iron, that was
moved up and down in side-grooves by machinery.
Behind this were stout oak doors, either covered with
iron or protected by large nail-heads. The great gate-
way was flanked on each side with towers of strong
masonry, and above the gateway were rooms which
communicated with those in the towers.
Within the external walls was a large open space or
court containing the chapel. In some instances another
ditch and wall enclosed an inner court or ballium,
where the dungeon or keep was placed. This keep,
sometimes of three or four stories in height, was the
stronghold of the castle, and was generally built upon
an elevated spot of the ground. The walls were very
thick, and constructed in the strongest possible man-
ner. In them the passages or stairs were built. The
openings were small, mere loopholes, and admitted but
little light into the apartments. Here, too, were the
184 OYSTERMOUTH CASTLE.
apartments of the owner or constable of the castle ;
and beneath, the dungeons in which his prisoners were
detained. On the second floor was the state-room, or
hall for entertainments, and chapel. This mass of
masonry was made to contain provisions and ammuni-
tion for a long defence, in the event of the rest of the
castle being taken. The well was usually in the centre
of this tower. Those at Rochester and Conisburgh
may still be seen. The only admission to this tower
was by a door 15 or 20 ft. from the ground, approached
by a steep external staircase. The whole of this
strong building was surmounted by projecting battle-
ments and machicolations, through the openings of
which the defence was maintained by the use of
arrows, stones, and other missiles thrown on the assail-
ants.
I have thought this general outline of old castle
plans might be of assistance to us in examining this
beautiful example. Those of you who know Oyster-
mouth Castle will recognise points of similarity to the
general description just given; but there are differences
which are very marked, and worthy of our attention.
Not the least is the absence of the flanking towers at
the principal entrance, though the foundations of what
may have been round towers may be seen ; but the
height of them there is nothing in the external walls
to indicate. I refer to the smoothness and finish of
the walls of the main building, and the absence of any
signs of junction of such towers with the external
walls of the Castle, which, if they ever existed, would,
in good construction, certainly have been seen in what
is technically known as toothing.
Another peculiarity of this Castle, if tradition be
true, is the position of the well, said to have been in
the towers, at A, the entrance; and in confirmation the
two iron gates are cited. I can scarcely think the
wells, upon which the lives of so many people depended,
could be placed in such an out of the way position in
an age when the keep was resorted to after the outer
OVSTERMOUTH CASTLE.
Plan of
OYSTERAIOUTH CASTLE.
-l„ .. f , H , T .t,T,T,T,tr,T, T ""
186 OYSTERMOUTH CASTLE.
walls were carried, and in which the occupants may
have been besieged for long periods. I think we must
believe there was at least another water-supply within
the keep. I shall refer to the well when I speak of
the apartments of the keep a little later on.
Under the archway of the entrance may still be seen
holes, we are told by local guides, through which the
chains of the portcullis worked, but which I am inclined
rather to think worked a drawbridge, if chains were
there. The position can hardly favour the portcullis
being worked from it. Of course you will not be led
away by the appearance of the present portcullis, rusty
as it is, that it was the original barrier to the burglarious
attacks those lordly marauders made upon one another
in those times. This portcullis, together with all the
iron bars in windows, etc., date from 1847, and are the
kindly work of the late Colonel G. G. Francis, whose
name in connection with such works, particularly in
this district, is the first to be remembered.
At the right and left of the entrance into the open
court are found flights of steps leading to rooms over
the great gateway. The window-openings and the old
fireplace are in good preservation ; and from this place
of vantage and look-out the men-at-arms might lower
the portcullis, and stop the advance of a surprise-party
to obtain possession of the Castle, though no sign or
indication of such machinery for the purpose can be
seen. Here, too, is an opening in the archway, near
the fireplace where water might be boiled, and lead
melted, to pour upon the heads of those who were
engaged battering in the doors.
By a flight of steps from this room we arrive at
another story; but there is little here unless your
imagination helps you to see the " White Lady", who,
as the story goes, was, on a far-off morning long ago,
found lying in this room like a saint, with folded hands
on her breast, while the sun lighted up her face with a
glory that partook more of heaven than of earth. It
is said Earl Neville, in one of his raids, obtained her
OYSTERMOUTH CASTLE. 187
by force, and made her his wife ; but he behaved most
cruelly to her, and in his absence temporarily from the
Castle, she betook herself alone, one night, to the
vaulted dungeon in which had died a holy man, a pri-
soner of the cruel Earl, and who had so sanctified the
place by his presence that any one who in the dead of
night resorted thither and prayed, and paced around
the whipping-post the orthodox number of times, viz.,
nine, should have their wishes fulfilled ; and it is said
the " White Lady" did so, and her wishes for deliver-
ance were granted by death. I scarcely think this was
my Lady's room. I should rather think it was a
retiring-room for the oflBcers, hardly to smoke and read
the daily news in, but, doubtless, to plot and scheme,
and tell the merry tale, and talk of aoughty deeds, —
a by no means small part of the occupation of that
period.
Descending from this upper stoiy, we are on the
level of the parapet which surrounds the Castle, and
which was protected by battlements. There it was
the sentinel walked his rounds, commanding a view of
the base of the Castle walls, as also of the open country.
Descending to the coiuiiyard, on our left we find
the remains of apartments evidently used in the past
as kitchens. Those rooms, I think, must have been
covered by a lean-to roof sloping from the outer walls
to a lower parallel wall. At the west end of this room
is a large oven, in which many years ago the late Colo-
nel Francis found a lock and three spear-heads.
Another peculiar feature of this Castle is the steep
gradient of the open court rising from the great gate-
way to the entrance of the keep. The diflference in the
level between the two positions would fully bear out
what I said in my general description of the height of
the doorways to the keep, viz., 15 or 20 feet from the
ground. A fine example of such an approach may still
be seen at Conisburgh Castle, also at Swansea.
Still proceeding on the left, we come to buildings
with large accommodation, which may have been occu-
188 OYSTERMOUTH CASTLK.
pied by the retainers and men-at-arms. Near here
are the dungeons and basements of the keep. There
are no architectural features to detain you here,
more than the soundness of the work which for so
long a period has withstood the destroying hand of
time.
But before we pass to the keep and chapel, I should
like to direct your attention to a deep and narrow
vault, E, about 3 feet wide and 7 feet long, the only
admission to which seems to have been by a small door-
way about 10 or 12 feet from its floor. And again, at
the extreme north-west corner, are found two deep
vaults divided lengthways by a wall. They may have
been used for storage purposes. The dungeons are in
this part, and are curious and dark, the most noticeable
object being a central pillar of masonry (f) called the
whipping-post, and the holes in the walls said to be
the positions of the rings of iron to which the prisoners
were chained.
Returning by the left, we find a low, narrow, dark
passage (g), admission to which is obtained by a small
doorway. At the end of the passage is a narrow, awk-
ward, geometrical staircase leading to the large apart-
ments on the first floor of the keep. I call your atten-
tion to this staircase because access to it is obtained
from the open court, and because I shall refer to it
almost directly from another position.
I think that the doorway (h) looking south was the
principal entrance to the keep, and was approached by
a flight of external steps.
Passing through a strongly protected entrance of
outer and inner doors, we enter a spacious room, said
to be the grand banqueting-room ; and over it one ex-
isted of similar dimensions, the state apartment ; and
beyond, two similar rooms to those just mentioned, the
dining and drawing-rooms. On the first floor of the
first named rooms is a doorway (i) at the top of the
staircase just referred to as narrow and dark, which
was a means of egress and ingress to the first floors of
0Y8TERM0UTH CASTLE. 189
this part of the Castle ; but not the only one, for there
is a doorway (k) at the east end leading to the chapel
staircase, which is of very good masonry, and I may
say the only piece of good dressed stonework in the
Castle, if we except the chapel windows. This stair-
case communicates with the ground-floor, said to be a
kitchen, and from thence to the refectory or apart-
ments of the clergy, and to the chapel over them, and
also to the first-floor apartments in the keep. Again,
another difficulty which presents itself to us is that
there seem to be no steps, or the sign of them, from
the ground-floor rooms of the keep to the first floor,
without going from those rooms into the open, either
to the dark, narrow passage and stairs on the north-
west, or to the staircase leading to the chapel from
what is said to have been the kitchen.
At the west end of what is said to be the dining-
room is a broad flight of steps (l) descending to a dark
vault beneath, of large size. This has been called a
dungeon ; but I am inclined to believe it was used as
a store-room, and I should not be surprised if a well
might have existed here, for we have evidence that
there was a large hole in the roof of the vault until a
somewhat recent date, when it was filled in, I believe,
in consequence of its being the cause of an accident.
This certainly would have been a better place for the
well than at the outside of the Castle, though it might
have been enclosed by a tower.
Passing to the north-west corner of the building by
a narrow, dark, and what might be made a secret
passage over G, we arrive at a room over F, which on
account of its height (say 4 ft. 6 in. or 5 ft.) was a
puzzle to me for some time. It is situate over the
vaulted dungeons in which are the whipping-posts,
being of large area, and only about 4 ft. 6 in. to 5 ft. high.
I can assign no use to it unless it be for the storage of
arms, and to deaden the sound to the apartments above
of the noises made by prisoners when subjected to the
cruelties that in those days were so common. At the
190 OYSTERMOUTH CASTLE.
end of this part of the building there are signs, I think,
of both alterations a»d additions.
We come now to the chapel with its fine window
and old piscina. Whatever may be the age of the
Castle, the difference of the date of the windows and
the general style of the work are truly marked. I
should say those windows are of the Middle Pointed or
Decorated period, which prevailed during the reigns of
the first three Edwards, from about 1274 to 1377, and
was distinguished by the term Decorated. It is tra-
ditionally stated that this Castle was being prepared
for Eleanor, Edward I's Queen, but not being finished
in time, Carnarvon Castle was selected. I scarcely
think much reliance can be placed upon this statement,
for Britton, in his Architectural Antiquities, tells us
that Edward commenced Carnarvon Castle immedi-
ately after his conquest of the country in 1282; and
the fortifications and Castle were completed within the
space of one year by the labour of the peasants, and at
tne cost of the chieftains of the country, on whom he
imposed the hateful task. I think the period for the
windows may have been as late as 1330. The general
character of the walling is old, very old, for there is no
sign of dressed ashlar in any of the old arches. The
Castle itself may have been built very early, about the
middle of the twelfth century; and there are not a few
signs to confirm this opinion, viz., the arches to some of
the doors and windows, and all the old fireplaces, are in
the style of the earliest Pointed. Still there is no
great difficulty in believing that the chapel was built
in 1099, as it is said to have been. The chapel may
have been beautified by the insertion of those windows
and the piscina two hundred years afterwards, when
the Gothic architects were producing such splendid
examples of their genius, and when John de Mowbray
became possessed of the Castle by his marriage with the
daughter of William de Breos, who died in 1 326. The
roof of the chapel was evidently very flat; but the
windows are Decorated or Middle Pointed, one of the
OYSTERMOUTH CASTLE. 191
chief characteristics of which, as compared with the Early
Pointed or Early English, is the absence of the columnar
muUions, which continue in unbrok;en lines from the
sill to the curves and foliations of the Pointed arch.
The date of the Castle has been fixed a.d. 1099, and
is said to have been built by Henry de Newburg, Earl
of Warwick, who conquered Gower, and won it from
Caradoc ap lestyn. Afterwards it passed to Henry II,
conveyed to him by Henry Beaumont, another Earl of
Warwick, and remained in the possession of the Crown
till the fourth year of King John's reign, who granted
it to William de Breos. In Dillwyn's Swansea Charters
we find an abstract of pleas held at Swansea before the
King s justices. Of this William de Breos, the writ
recites that certain disputes and complaints existed
amongst the men and tenants of William de Breos con-
cerning the lordship of Gower and town of Swansea,
as presented to the King by WiHiam de Langton of
Kilvrock (Kilvrough) ; and others complain that Wil-
liam de Breos, with force and arms, came to the house
of William de Langton, at Kilvrock in Gower, and took
him by force out of his house, and carried him to the
manor of the aforesaid William de Breos, of *' Oyster-
mure" (Oystermouth), and there detained him against
his will until, by his deed in writing, he gave him a
general release of all actions, etc. This William de
Breos granted a charter to Swansea in 1305, and died
A.D.1326, leaving issue one daughter and heiress, Alina,
by Alina de Multon. This daughter Alina was married
to John de Mowbray, who in the right of his wife
became possessed of the Castle of Oystermouth. As
did the De Breos before him, he made this Castle his
place of residence, and there is still preserved a deed
of conveyance of a tenement at Pridwen, in the fee of
Loughor, from Alina de Mowbray, dated the 20th of
January, 2nd Edward III (1329), at Oystermouth, which
confirms this.
John Lord de Mowbray took up arms to assist the
Earl of Warwick, was defeated at Boroughbridge, and
192 PARK CWM TUMULUS.
beheaded at York. His wife, Elinor, died in 1360, and
is said to be buried at St. Mary's Church, Swansea,
The Castle has remained in the possession of this family
ever since, for the Lords Mowbray were ancestors of
the present owner, the Duke of Beaufort. The Castle
is said to have been occupied for five hundred years ;
it was besieged by Oliver Cromwell, who left his
marks upon its walls, and spoiled it as a habitation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PARK CWM
TUMULUS.
(From the Journal of the Ethnological Society of London
for January 1871.)
The Park Cwm Cairn is situated on the property of
my friend Mr. Vivian, in the parish of Peiimaen, and
in the celebrated peninsula of Gbwer. In the spring of
1869 Mr. Vivian was making a new road, and for that
purpose the workmen attacked a heap of stones which
stood conveniently, and the true nature of which was
not then suspected. After removing a certain portion
of the cairn on the north side, the men came upon some
large upright stones forming a creel or chamber, and in
the chamber they found portions of a skeleton. Upon
this being reported to Mr. Vivian, he at once ordered
that no more of the cairn should be removed, and he
asked me to come down and see it explored.
"The Red Lady of Paviland", and the successful
researches of Colonel Wood in the bone-caves along the
coast, have made the peninsula of Gower extremely in-
teresting to archaeologists. I gladly, therefore, accepted
my friend's invitation. We drove to the spot early in
the morning, on Saturday the 14th of August 1869,
accompanied by a party from the Cambrian Archseolo-
E'cal Association, under the guidance of their President,
:)rd Dunraven, and at once commenced operations.
PARK CWM TUMULUS. 1 93
The cairn is situated in a beautiful, woody comb or
delL about a mile from the sea, and almost at the foot
of the small cave known as "Cat Hole," It occupied
an oblong area of about 60 ft. in length by 50 ft. in
width, and was, when first noticed, about 5 ft. in height.
The general design of the building will be seen from
the plan. The direction of the cairn was north and
south ; the entrance, as usual, being to the south. The
entrance itself was funnel-shaped, 16 ft. in length, and
13 in width at the entrance, gradually contracting to
3 ft. 6. in. The sides were neatly built of flat stones
placed on their broad sides, and presenting the narrow
edges externally. The walls are not perpendicular, but
slope or batter outwards. The central passage or
avenue connecting the chambers is 17 ft. long, with a
uniform width of 3 ft. The sides were formed of ten
large stones ; but it is probable that there were origiur
ally eleven. They did not fit one another very well,
but the interspaces were built up by small fliat stones
arranged as in the entrance-walls.
The cairn itself extended some distance beyond the
avenue, towards the north. At each end of this passage,
and at right angles to it, are two square or somewhat
oblong chambers. The first (No. 1) was about 3 ft. in
width. Where it joined the central passage was a sill-
stone {d). Tlie sides were each formed of two large
stones, and there can, I think, be little doubt that it
was originally closed by a fifth. In this chamber we
found remains of three, if not of four, skeletons, and
one fragment of pottery. The second chamber (No. 2)
is 6 ft. in length by about . 2 ft. 6 in. in breadth, and
closely resembles the first, but is imperfectly divided
into two unequal parts by two low stones (6, 6). This
chamber contained the remains of two skeletons. The
third chamber much resembled the second, and like it
was imperfectly divided. The fourth, on the contrary,
like the first, had no division. It had been somewhat
disturbed, as was also the case with the second, by the
roots of an ash.
5t1I 8BR., VOL. IV. 13
194 PARK CWM TQMULUS.
At each end of the central passage was a long sill-
stone (a, c). The large stones forming the central
passage and side-chambers were very irregular in height,
and we saw no sign of any covering slabs. The inter-
spaces {fyf) were filled up with stones and earth ; the
latter probably arising from decomposed leaves, etc.,
and quite unlike the natural soil of the Cwm both in
colour and character. In all cases the large stones
were placed with their flatter sides inwards. On the
outside they were very irregular. None of them were
at all worked.
The upper part of the cairn had been removed long
ago, and the upper parts of the large stones had been
long exposed. It also appeared to me that the tumu-
lus had been opened at .some previous period, although
Mr. Vivian did not feel satisfied upon this point. The
bones were much broken, and in no regular arrange-
ment. There appeared to me to be at least twenty
skeletons. The bones were very tender, and the skulls
unfortunately were crushed into, small fragments. The
teeth, as usual, were ground flat, and showed no trace
of decay. The only bones of other animals were — a
tooth (I believe of a deer), found in the space on the
east side, at the spot marked {g\ and a few pigs' teeth
which occurred in the entrance, close to the sillstone
marked (a). We found some fragments of pottery ;
but throughout the mound we met with no ornament
or implement of any kind, no trace of metal, nor a
single bit of worked flint.
Mr. Vivian submitted the bones to Mr. Douglas,
whgse report is subjoined.
It appears, therefore, that this tumulus resembles in
its internal construction the one at Stoney Littleton,
in the parish of Wellow, Somersetshire, which was de-
scribed by Sir Richaid Colt Hoare in the nineteenth
volume of the ArchcBologia. The Stoney Littleton tumu-
lus, however, had three transepts, whereas ours had
only two. In this respect it resembled the one at
Uley in Gloucestershire. (See Somerset ArchcBological
E"
'PARX emit TVMVLVS
196 PARK CWM TUMULUS.
ayid Natural History Society's Proceedmgs, 1858, vol.
viii, p. 51.)
(Signed) J. Lubbock.
Report of Dr, D. M. Douglas on Bones from the Park Cwm
Tumulus : —
" Hafod VUla, 24th August 1869.
" Dear Sir, — I have examined the interesting relics which
you kindly sent to me for inspection. I found that they repre-
sented the distinctive remains of twenty-four individuals : seve-
ral of them, I have reason to believe, were females. They were
ftU adults excepting, I think, three, who were children probably
from eight to ten years of age. One individual had evidently
arrived at extreme old age; another, perhaps, was sixty or
seventy years old; and the rest comparatively young, say twenty-
five to forty-five years respectively. There are the remains of
two remarkable skeletons ; one must have been of gigantic pro-
portions. I was much struck with the enormous thickness of
some of the skulls, which are much thicker than we find in the
present age. The teeth are wonderfully preserved, very good
and regular ; there are only two that exhibited signs of decay
during life. The bones are well formed ; and the food must
have contained considerable quantities of phosphate of lime.
The very comminuted state of the bones rendered the examina-
tion difficult, and it was impossible to arrive at a precise con-
clusion.
" Case No. 1 contains distinctive portions of the remains of
six individuals; probably four males and one female, and a
young person. Enclosed separately will be found a considerable
number of teeth (I think I can make up five distinct sets almost
complete, and all in excellent preservation) ; a portion of the
shaft of a femur, the head of another, and portions of a very
thick skull, — ^the remains of a male of very considerable pro-
portions.
"Case No. 2 contains those of two individuals, male and
female probably. Enclosed separately are the portions of a very
thick skull.
" Case No. 3 contains those of at least ten individuals (these
bones were found in the central avenue), one of whom, I should
say, had reached an extreme age. Enclosed separately are the
condyloid ends of two femurs, representing a skeleton of
gigantic size, and a portion of a thick skull.
PARK CWM TUMULUS. 197
" Caae No. 4 contains those of four individuals. This case
possesses nothing of any note.
*' Case No. 5 contains those of two individuals. These bones
appear to me to be of far greater antiquity than any of the
others, and seem to have been a distinct interment, probably
male and female.
" Judging from the various stages of decay in some of the
other cases, I am strongly of opinion that the interments took
place at different intervals.
" I remain, dear Sir, yours faithfully,
" (Signed) D. Morton Douglas,
M.R.C.P., M.R.C.S.L.
I have but little to add to the concise and lucid
account of the Park Cwm Cairn by my friend Sir John
Lubbock, printed in the ArchcBologia Cambrensis, 4th
Series, Vol. ii, p. 168, and Dr. Douglas' report on the
human remains found therein, which follows Sir J. Lub-
bock's paper. The numbers given to the chambers in
those two reports do not agree, and it is well that I
should explain them.
No. 3 in Dr. Douglas' report is the central passage
which contained the remains of ten individuals. No
number is assigned to this passage by Sir J. Lubbock.
Nos. 1 and 2 coincide in both papers. Dr. Douglas'
4 and 5 correspond with Sir J. Lubbock's 3 and 4.
Before the Cairn was opened, it simply appeared to
be a heap of stones with a few bushes and old trees
about it, as at present. I think the top of only one of
the upright stones, viz,, the large stone to the right, or
east, appeared above the loose stones which covered
the whole of the chambers. I am quite convinced that
no covering stones were used. The extreme irregu-
larity of the top of the upright stones forbids the idea
that they were ever intended to carry covering stones.
Moreover, no vestige of such stones was found ; and it
is unreasonable to suppose that any one would have
taken the trouble to carry them all away. I would
198 PARK CWM Tuin/Lua
also remark that do earth was used in these inter-
ments. The comparatively small loose stones which
now surround the chambers appear to have been heaped
over them until they were hidden from view, and pro-
tected from wild animals. It is plain that such a
covering would effectually protect the bodies from such
attacks, while a covering of earth would not have done
so. The stones must have been brought to the spot
from the adjacent rocks designedly, and at no small
trouble. It is curious also to note that the interstices
between the upright stones were most carefully filled
with small, sharp stones. I was much puzzled at first
to account for this; but it seems to me that the object
must have been to prevent smaller animals, such as
rats and mice, from gaining access to the bodies.
I think it may also be stated with confidence that
the interments took place on the natural surface of the
Cwm, and that the bodies were placed in a sitting or
crouching position. As to the first of these conclusions
I base it on the fact that we dug down about 4 or 5 ft.
below the level of the surface, and that the ground
appeared never to have been disturbed, nor was any-
thing found in an excavation. I caused the remainder
of the bones, after taking such portions as were re-
quired for scientific purposes, to be reburied, each set
in their former resting-place, enclosed in the fire-clay
retorts which we use for the manufacture of spelter.
As to the position of the bodies, in no case did we
find the remains of a skeleton extended horizontally.
Each set of bones was found in a small, confused mass,
{'ust as would be the case if a body in a sitting position
lad collapsed, as it were, vertically within its own area.
The question as to whether the interments were
simultaneous, or at intervals, appears to me to be very
difficult to determine. I lean to the idea that they
were simultaneous, the sequence of some unusual de-
struction of life. If such a mode of burial were the
common custom of the people, it is clear that we should
have numerous cairns of the same nature, representing
PARK CWM TUMULUS. 199
the interments of successive generations ; whereas,
although I have examined every portion of the sur-
rounding property, I have never succeeded in finding
another. It is possible that the cairns on Cefn Bryn
may be of the same nature ; but I think I can say with
confidence that the Park Cwms, which, from their shel-
tered and attractive character, must always have been
a favourite abode of man, contain no other similar
cairns.
Further, if this Cairn were afi ordinary interment,
why should not the remains represent an equal pro-
portion of males and females. Dr. Douglas says that
he " has reason to believe that several were females";
that " all were adults, excepting three children between
eight and ten." This would not represent the average
interments of a tribe, in which the males and females
would be equal in numbers. He says that, with a few
exceptions, the bones are those of persons of from
twenty-five to forty-five years old ; not the age of
natural death. It also seems to me that intermittent
interments in open chambers of this nature would be
most offensive and inconvenient, and could not have
commended themselves to the common-sense of any
race of human beings, however uncivilised.
On these grounds I cannot, help thinking that this
tumulus represents interments consequent on some
tribal disaster, in which many more men in the prime
of life perished than women, children, and old men; and
that a special system of interment was adopted to
mark the event, and record it in the annals of the tribe
which then inhabited the Happy Valley, subsequently
selected by the great family of De Breos, lords of the
seignory of Gower, as their abode.
Immediately above the tumulus on the western side
of the Cwm, there is a circle of stones called Church
Hill. T have never been able to find any remains of a
church ; and the circle of stones is insignificant, and
only partially traceable.
The other objects of interest at Park le Breos, which
200
PAEK CWM TDMULUS.
I should suggest for iJie inspection of the members of
the Cambrian Archfeologtcal ARSOciation, are, first,
" Cat Hole." This cave is about 200 yards north of
the cairn, on the north-east side of the Cwm. It was
originally opened by the late Colonel Wood of South-
all, prior to my purchase of the Park estate. Unfor-
tunately I possess no record of the bones found in it ;
nor does Mr. Faulkner, in that portion of his work
which treats of the Gower Caves, make any mention of
" Cat Hole." I perfectly remember Colonel Wood tell-
ing me that the cave contained the bones of the same
animals as had been found in the other caves, such as
rhinoceros, bear, bra, deer, hyena, wolf, etc. There
were also two human skulls; one of a man of very low
type, and the other a woman of a much higher order.
PARK CWM TUMULUS. 201
The plan shows the position in which these skulls were
found.
I subsequently opened the smaller cave to the north,
which was found to connect with the larger cave.
Bones of animals and portions of a human skull were
found in the smaller cave. The latter exhibited the
same extraordinary thickness which Dr. Douglas re-
marked on as typical of those found in the graves.
Secondly, I would call attention to the remains of a
small dwelling at the top of the little valley which
leads up to " Cat Hole.''
Thirdly, to the rocky point at the head of Brock
Hill Bottom. A distinct vallum crosses the point, sepa-
rating it from the level country to the westward, and
isolating a small space of ground, upon which will be
found several circular depressions which, I imagine,
formed the site of beehive-huts made of timber and
boughs. It is a defensible, sheltered position, and
might well be the site of the encampment of a small
tribe.
H. HussEy Vivian.
23rd Angnst 1886.
202
LLANSAINTFFREAD, LLANHAMLACH, AND
LLANFIGAN CHURCHES.
During the past two years I have been professionally
engaged upon these churches. The parishes, which
adjoin each other, are situated on the banks of the
river Usk, in the county of Brecon ; and it may not be
uninteresting to the readers of the ArchcBologia Cam-
brensis to record a few of their architectural character-
istics and certain matters of antiquarian interest in
connection with these parishes.
LLANSAINTFFREAD.
According to Jones' History of Breconshire this is
one of the nineteen churches in Wales dedicated to
** Sancta Freda, Fefraid Lian, Bridget the Virgin, or
St. Bride or Bridget ; fur thus differently is she deno-
minated in the Latin, British, and English languages."
This church was placed in my hands, to rebuild
entirely, in 1884. It was then, and had been for some
years, in the most ruinous and dilapidated condition
possible. Much of the roof had fallen in, the walls
were cracked and bulged in all directions, and the
entire structure was in danger of falling. For some
time previously divine service had not been held in it.
It does not appear to have been in very good condition
at the commencement of the present century, when
Jones wrote hm History of Breconshire (published in
1809). He thus describes it : *'The steeple, or tower,
or whatever it may be called, containing one bell only,
has rather a grotesque appearance, and resembles a
beehive, or the bottom of a pot turned upwards. The
church was rebuilt in 10 90. It has two low aisles ;
the wall dividing them bulges considerably. To sup-
port it some poles have been placed across, which at
LuNSAiNTrrRAtD Church:-
LLANSAINTFPREAD CHURCH. 203
the same time that they are unseemly to the sight,
have pushed the outward wall out of its perpendicu-
larity, and will in process of time undoubtedly occasion
its fall."
This prophecy was certainly in danger of being ful-
filled, when, in 1884, Mr.Gwynne Holford of Buckland,
at whose sole expense the new church has been erected,
obtained a faculty to take down the old church, and
instructed me to prepare plans for rebuilding it. The
new church was consecrated by the Bishop of St. Da-
vid's on the I7th of November 1885.
The old church having been entirely swept away, it
will be of interest to preserve some record of its archi-
tectural characteristics and appearance in the pages of
this Journal, and some few facts of antiquarian interest
in connection with it.
With the exception of fragments of early windows,
none of which were in their original position ; some of
late Perpendicular and Jacobean date, and these in a
very shattered and dilapidated state, there was little
to retain, or that could be re-instated in the new build-
ing. A rude stoup that was fixed outside the inner
door of the porch has been replaced in a similar posi-
tion in the new church ; and one of the Jacobean
window-heads, of which a sketch is given, has been
built into the inside wall of the vestry. The date upon
this, 1626, does not agree with the date Jones gives
for rebuilding the church. The font, which has also
been replaced in the new church, is somewhat peculiar
in form, and is probably of the twelfth or thirteenth
century, and coeval with the original church.
It also contained a series of interesting monuments
to members of the families who have for some genera-
tions been the possessors of Buckland and Scethrog,
the two ancient mansions situated in the parish, toge-
ther with some very fine flat tombstones of the type
so common in Breconshire, with foliated crosses, armo-
rial bearings, and marginal inscriptions ; the earliest
one being to " David Morgan David Howel, who mar-
204 LLANSAINTFFJiEAD CHURCH.
ried William of Llanhamoloch ; and they
had issue one daughter called Denys. He died 2ud
June 1598.''
There were seven of these ancient tombstones. Jones
gives the inscriptions and arms upon six, viz., Howell,
as above; "Jane Mitchell, died 1712"; "David Wat-
kins, late of Skethrog. He dyed the 2nd day of Novem-
ber 1618, aged 88. He left issue, viz. : William, mar-
ried Elinor, daughter to Richard Herbert, Esqre. ;
Gwladys, married Thomas Madock, one of the Loras of
Skethrog ; and Edmund, an infant of 9 years old. This
Davidf his father and grandfather^ lived in St. End's
three hundred years! IT He further adds that he
believes " this stone has been either destroyed or dis-
placed since I visited the church." He also mentions
" the tombstone of John Perrott, Rector of Llansaint-
ffread, and Vicar of Llangorse, who married a daughter
of John Williams of Llangorse, who died 1 4 February
1635, with his arms. Also a stone upon John Frew,
Clerk, who held the same preferment, and died 9th
May 1 794. John Maddocks of , Nr. Sketh-
rog, gent., who married Jane, daughter of Howell Mor-
gan of Llandetty. They had issue, Catherine. He died
12 December 1632. Arms : 1, Vaughan ; 2, Bleddin
ap Maemarch ; 3, Wiston ; 4, Rhys Goch ; 5, a fess,
int. three escallops, for Pitchard ; 6, Einion Sais ; 7,
Hughes."
The whole of the monumental slabs have been care-
fully replaced in the south transept of the new church,
together with some other monuments of later date.
The very handsome marble monuments to members
of the Buckland family have been carefully restored,
and replaced in the north transept and chancel. The
earliest of these is to Games Jones of Buckland, who
died May 18th, 1681. He is described as late of Gray's
Inn, and Recorder of Brecknock, and died in the thirty-
first year of his age. The following quaint lines are
inscribed on this monument : —
QROUNU Pl-JkJJ
■■ifjANftAi^TrrKA^i3-r: mmCT--.- anEcowsHiffmi*
LLANSAINTFPREAD CHURCH. 205
"5<rty, Passenger,
" And know who lies beneath this stone :
One who was no man's foe ; no, not his own ;
Who lived as Adam h'ved before he fell,
Bat that no rib of his conspired with Hell ;
Who arts and manners, towns and men snrvey'd,
Bat beyond virtae and himself ne'er strayed.
So far beyond oar scantling that we knew
What he was then no more than what he's now.
The craggy fortress of the knotty law,
Like CflBsar, he did conqaer as he saw.
Learning and parts which seldom met elsewhere.
E'en with the strictest ties were married here ;
And yet his parts ne'er grew so nicely high
As with them Him that gave th§m to defy.
Nor was his carioas learning e'er employ 'd
In making of his own great charter void.
He died too soon, thoagh not too young, who in his own
could show
The age of sixteen hundred years ago.
In short, here lies a brother, friend, and son.
Of virtue a community in one.
Of each the best.
** Now, Fassejiger, begone.**
Is it not possible that these lines were written by
the poet, Henry Vaughan (" Silurist"), who was of the
family of Vaughan of Newton in this parish, descended
from Thomas Vaughan of Tretower, third son of Wil-
liam Vaughan, of Tretower, by Lady Frances Somerset,
daughter of Thomas Somerset, third son of Henry Earl
of Worcester. Henry Vaughan died in 1695, aged
seventy-five, and was buried in Llansaintffread church-
yard, where his tombstone (of which a sketch is given)
still remains.
The old church consisted of a nave, north aisle, and
chancel ; and on the north side of the chancel, which
was exceptionally wide, was situated the Buckland
family pew. Externally, the church had a south porch
with an obtusely pointed arch chamfered on both ex-
ternal angles, of uncertain date, and placed at the
extreme western corner of the nave ; the floor of the
nave being three steps above the floor of the porch,
206 LLANSATNTFPREAD CHURCH.
and rising towards the chancel-arch 2 ft. in its length
of 48 ft. 2 in.; the early builders having adapted the
level to the rise of the ground, which falls rapidly from
east to west, so as to save labour in excavating the
site. At the west end was a large circular bell-turret
with a domical, slated roof, having two round-headed
openings north and south. It had a peculiar-looking
stringcourse just above the roof-line, and it was not
inaptly described by Jones, in his History of Brecon-
shire, as " resembling a beehive"; and certainly belonged
to no known order of architecture. It was supported
on the west and north walls of the nave, and was par-
tially carried upon massive oak beams which were
much decayed. It was probably erected some time in
the eighteenth century, and not improbably when the
bell was founded, in 17 — .
In the wall of the north aisle, near the eastern corner,
was a small, obtusely pointed Early English window
that had, no doubt, been one of the windows of the
original Early English or late Norman church. About
midway between that and the west end was a square-
headed, two-light. Perpendicular window with a hood-
mould; a similar window was also inserted in the south
wall of the nave, nearly opposite ; and a third one in
the eastern side of that portion of the chancel which
was occupied by the Buckland pew. The chancel east
window proper, over the altar, was fixed very high up
in the gable, and was of much earlier character, and
might be described as late Decorated. In the north
wall of the chancel was the head of a plain trefoil lancet-
window of a type which prevailed throughout the Early
English period in Wales, and which gave me the key-
note of my design for the new church, being the only
bit of early work which could be satisfactorily identified.
The remaining windows of any interest were the
south window of chancel, and the remaining south
window of nave. The date of these two windows, both
exactly corresponding in style, is fixed by the head of
the latter having carved upon it the date 1626; the
LLAN3A1NTFFREAD CHURCH. 207
lettera being probably the initials of the churchwardens
and builder of that date. The priest's doorway, on the
south side of the chancel, was a plain, irregulariy
rounded arch, and may have been of any possible date,
probably coeval with the porch.
Internally, the nave was divided from the north aisle
by an arcade of four semicircular, arched openings rest-
ing on massive piers ; the opening next the chancel
being smaller than the others, with only a quadrant of
the arch abutting against the pier of the chancel-arch.
At the east end of the north aisle was a blocked-up,
semicircular archway which opened into the Buckland
pew. The chancel-arch was of similar character ; and
there can .be little doubt, I think, that when it was
found necessary to enlarge the original English church,
the builder simply broke the openings through the
north and south walls, turned rude arclies over them,
and chamfered oflF the angles of the quoins which he
inserted in the piers, the whole being then plastered.
In pulling down the old church, fragments of dressed
stone were found in the walls, evidently belonging to
an earlier church of plain late Norman or Early English
character.
It is my opinion that probably early in the sixteenth
century it was found advisable to enlarge the church,
and at that period a north aisle and a chancel of the
ordinary size were added, and that then the breaking
through of the walls mentioned above took place ; the
three earlier windows of Perpendicular type being in-
troduced, and the two Early English lancet-windows
referred to were removed and inserted in the north
wall of the aisle and chancel respectively.
Still later some further additions took place, pro-
bably about the date upon the Jacobean window of
1626. Whether this was the date when the chancel
was widened so as to admit of the Buckland family
pew being added, or whether these two windows were
merely insertions at that date, it is impossible to say,
as it is equally impossible to decide whether the Buck-
208 LLANSAIKTPFREAD CHURCH.
land pew occupied the site of a Buckland chapel. The
archway, which was blocked up, between that and the
north aisle, seemed to point to such a chapel having
existed, and there appeared to be some traces of a
screen which divided it from the chancel.
In connection with this question may be mentioned
a fact which might show that the enlargement of the
chancel took place at a still later date, viz., in the year
1745, when the eccentric Baronet, Sir John Pryce, of
Newtown Hall in Montgomeryshire, in that year re-
moved the organ which he had erected in Newtown
Church in 1731, and carried it to Buckland, and pro-
bably erected it in Llansaintffread Church.
Sir John Pryce married, on the 19th of December
1741, Eleanor, the widow of Roger Jones, Esq., of Buck-
land, who, as it appears by his monument, died in that
year at the age of fifty-one. Sir John had been twice
previously married, and he embalmed his two former
wives, and kept them in his room, one on each side of
his bed ; but this lady declined the honour of his hand
until her two defunct rivals were committed to their
last resting-place. A year or two after his last marri-
age he appears to have quitted Newtown, and taken
up his residence at Buckland, as his signature as
churchwarden of Newtown is not io be found in the
parish books after 1743.
An old manuscript diary of an inhabitant of New-
town records that "the organs'' which had been'* opened
to play .with" in July 1731, and had probably been
presented to Newtown Church by Sir John, *^were
taken down in y® year 1745, and carried to Buckland,
in Brecknokshire, by the ord" of S' John Pryce of New-
town." It is, therefore, not unlikely that the church
might have been enlarged, or at any rate considerably
altered, to admit of the erection of this organ. No
record, however, seems to exist as to this fact ; and I
think it may be not uninteresting to conclude this por-
tion of my paper by an extract from an article on " Sir
John Price's Will", by R. Williams, Esq., of Newtown,
LLANSAINTFFREAD CHURCH. 209
published in the Transactions of the Powys-Land Club,
vol. xvi, 1883, p. 283:
" With regard to Sir John's wives, I 'might have
stated that his first wife (who died in childbed) was
also his first cousin. His second, who, according to the
long inscription on her monument, composed, doubtless,
by her bereaved husband, * wanted nothing but y® ad-
vantages of a more refined education' to render her
perfections * illustrious in y® eyes of all her acquaint-
ance', was, as already stated, the daughter oi a farmer
at Berriew, Mr. John Morris of Wern Goch. There is
a tradition that he met her while taking shelter under
a tree during a storm, and taking a fancy to her,* mar-
ried her. Her epitaph refers to the ' cloud of infamy
which had been cast upon her character by envious and
malicious persons', and states that her decease *was
most unfortunately occasioned by their unjust asper-
sions'. It has been surmised that, owing to her humble
origin, Sir John, while she lived, kept his marriage
with her a secret ; and that it was generally supposed
that she was only a concubine, which preyed upon her
mind, and caused her death, of a broken heart, within
two years of their marriage.
" In the announcement in The Gentleman's Magazine^
of Sir John's marriage to his third wife, Eleanor, widow
of Roger Jones, Esq., of Buckland, the addition is
made (as usual in those days), of * with £15,000.'
"At the time of his death, which took place October
28, 1761, Sir John Pryce was on the eve of being mar-
ried to a fourth wife. Miss Martha Harries of Haver-
fordwest, * his most dear and most entirely beloved in-
tended wife', to whom he left, by his will, nearly all
the property he had power to devise ; for it seems that
he had conveyed the Newtown Hall estates to his son,
John Powell Pryce, many years previously.
" This will is a very curious document. Wastel Brisco,
Esq., Sir John's descendant, and the present owner of
the Newtown Hall estates, has obligingly supplied me
fiTH 8ER., VOL. IV. 14
210 LLANSAINTFFREAD CHURCH.
with an office copy extracted from the Carmarthen Dis-
trict Registry. It is dated June 20, 1760."
Here follows a copy of the will, which seems some-
what too long to insert at length. I therefore extract
only that portion relating to uie organ.
" I give and bequeath unto the Bishop, Dean, and Chapter (for
the time being) of the Cathedral Church of Saint David in Pem-
brokeshire aforesaid, and to their successours, for ever, my fine
church organ, consisting of a double row of ivory and ebony
keys, whicn command one thousand and four speaking pipes
disposed in eighteen stops, some of which are rare, curious, and
uncommon (more particularly those that are comprised in the
swelling and echoing parts thereof), and ornamented in the fore-
front with three towers of gilt pipes that are made to utter
sound, with three flates of the same intervening ; angels, with
trumpets in their hands, reclining, from the centre to the two
end towers thereof ; and a cherubim's head and wings over the
centre of the said keys ; and in the back front thereof, with two
flats of dumb gilt pipes between a centre and two end fluted
pilasters with Corinthian capitals ; all well gilt, and finished in
a workmanlike and beautiful manner; a step-ladder for the
more commodiously entering into the body of the said organ (as
often as necessity may require it), for cleaning, tuneing, repair-
ing, or otherwise rectifying the same ; a seat or cricket for the
organist to sit upon ; one chest of oak well wainscoated, contain-
ing twelve or more folios of imperial paper ruled for writing
church musick in them only ; one other oaken chest finished in
the like manner, and containing six surplices and several bands
for the choristers to wear in Devise (divine) Service ; all my
metal noozles and saucers, screws, screw-plates, and all things
thereunto belonging, for holding large candles of the size and
form of flambeaux, together with the mould for making them,
and the box lined with tin for securing them; all my large brass
snuflfers and snuflfer-pans which were used in my chapel only ;
all my brass tuneing horns, hammers, and other instruments
requisite for tuneing my said organ, which (at the first erecting
thereof) I dedicated, consecrated, and appropriated by solemn
prayer to Almighty God, to be employed solely in his secret
(sacred) worship and service, in what place soever I should at
any time choose to set it up for that use and purpose, and for
that use and purpose only ; together with all my anthem books
and service books both in print and manuscript, and all other
appurtenances thereunto belonging, which I do, therefore, hy
this my last will and testament declare to be no part or parcel
LLANSAINTFFREAD CHURCH. 211
of my personal estate, nor subject to any debt or debts of mine
which now are, or hereafter shall or may become due at any
time of my life or at the time of my decease : in trust, never-
theless, for the sole use of the choir in the said Cathedral Church
of Saint David, in Pembrokeshire aforesaid, for ever, and for no
other use, intent, or purpose whatsoever. I give and bequeath
unto my worthy friend, Mr. Matthew Phillips, the present
organist of the said Cathedral Church of Saint David, the summ
of ten guineas or (in case of his death or any other cause of
removal from his ofSce and employment in the said Cathedral
Church) unto Mr. John Propert, if he shall become his successor
therein, the like summ of ten guineas ; but (in case of his not
succeeding the said Mr. Matthew Phillips therein, or of his
death or removal afterwards) unto any person who shall happen
to be the organist of the same at the time of my interment
aforesaid, the sum of five guineas only for performing his part
upon the organ in the Burial Service before mentioned. I give
and bequeath unto the choir-men and choir-boys or choristers
who shall perform their respective parts in the said solemn ser-
vice at the time of my interment before mentioned, the summ
of one guinea each or apiece in consideration thereof."
" It appears that at the time of his death Sir John
Pryce was comparatively poor, his estates being heavily
mortgaged. Margaret Harries was, therefore, induced
to renounce the probate; and in lieu of the £1,000 and
£600 bequeathed to Elizabeth and Mary Pryce, the
latter agreed to accept £500 each, secured to them by
a deed of settlement made in 1765. It seems also that
Sir John Pryce's desire to be buried in St. David's
Cathedral was not carried out, for the Burial Register
of the parish of St. Mary's, Haverfordwest, records his
burial at the latter place on October 31st, 1761.''
With reference to the bequest of the organ to the
I Cathedral Church of St. David, the Very Rev. the Dean
I of St. David's has been kind enough to furnish me with
t the following extracts from the acts and orders of the
t Chapter of St. David's :
[ " 24th July 1762. Ordered that application be made to the
executors of the late Sir John Price, deceased, for y* organ be-
queathed by him to the Bishop and Chapter of this Cathedral
\ Church.'*
^ 14»
212 LLANSAINTFFREAD CHURCH.
" 26 July 1763. The said Chantor and Chapter desired Mr.
Matthew Philbps, their organist, to inspect and demand the
organ given them for said Cathedral Church of St. David's by
the last will and testament of the Honourable Sir John Price,
Baronet."
" 24 July 1765. The said Chantor and Chapter ordered that
Edward Davies, their Chapter Clerk, should acquaint the execu-
tor or executrix of the last will and testament of Sir John Price,
Baronet, that they have actually renounced and do hereby re-
nounce all their right, title, and interest in and to the organ
given by the will of the said Sir John Price to the said Cathe-
dral, and desired them to dispose of it as they shall think
proper."
The organ referred to, and which from its descrip-
tion seems to have been a costly and imposing struc-
ture, was doubtless the one which Sir John Pryce had
originally presented to Newtown Church, and had been
** opened to play with" in July 1731. What became of
it eventually cannot, perhaps, now be ascertained.
Sir John Pryce's son's (Sir John Powell Price) body
was conveyed from the Fleet Prison, where he died,
July 4th, 1776, to Newtown, and buried there ; but it
was about six weeks after his death. His wife, who
was a daughter of Richard Manley, Esq., of Earleigh
Court, Berkshire, also spent many of her last years in
the Fleet. She had, apparently, been a good and faith-
ful companion to him, but he had rewarded her con-
stancy by bequeathing to her one shilling. She lived
until 1805.'
Their son, Sir Edward Manley Price, was an officer
in the Guards, who squandered a good deal, and was
fleeced by bill-brokers of the remnant left him of this
^ His fate ipvas a melancholy one. Having, by some accident,
severely injured bis eyes, bis wife was induced, in tbe hope to faci-
litate bis recovery, to apply some powerful spirit or acid, wbicb
entirely destroyed bis sight Yet he is said to have been accns*
tomed, though blind, to follow the bonnds, and seldom to be last in
the chase. Want of prudence, or accumulated misfortunes, also de-
prived him of the bulk of his fortune, and he spent the latter part
of bis life in the King's Bench Prison.
LLANSAINTPPREAD CHURCH. 213
once fine estate. He died on October 28, 1791, in a
field at Pangboume, where also he was buried. He is
said to have died in great destitution, not having left
the means to pay for his interment. Dying without
lawful issue, and, as Yorke says, a bachelor, the title
became extinct at his death. This, however, has been
disputed, some saying that he married a daughter of a
Mr. Flinn of Norfolk Street, Strand, London, by whom
he had an only son, who died an infant in his father's
lifetime. At any rate, some years after his death, a
coffin enclosing the remains of a child was discovered
over the ceiling in the roof of a house at Chiswick,
with the following inscription on a plate nailed to it :
** Edward Manley Powell Price, only son and heir of
Sir Edward Manley Pryce of Newtown Hall, Mont-
gomeryshire, Bart. Died the 28th of April 1788, aged
five years and a half
Stephen W. Williams, F.R.I.B.A.
April 29, 1887.
(To he continued.)
214
LLYFR SILIN
YN CYNNWYS ACHAU AMRYW DEULUOEDD
YN NGWYNEDD, POWYS, ETC.
{Coniinuedfrom p. 146.)
LLOYD. TREWYLAN YN DEUDDWR.
Robert Lloyd, Sieffre Lloyd, Hugh a Sieflfre Lloyd
arall a verch oedd Plant William Lloyd ap Llew. ap
Owen ap Dafydd Lloyd ap Meredydd ap Llew. ap
Gruffydd ap Llew. ap Dafydd Llwch ap Ririd ap Cadw-
gan ap Madoc ap Eirid ap Kadwgan ap Madoc ap
lorwerth hilfawr ap Mael Maelienydd.
Mam Robert Lloyd a'i frodyr oedd Margred verch
Llewelyn ap Reinallt ap Sion ap Howel Gethin
ap Gruffydd Gethin ap leuan ap Gruffydd
drwyndwn ap Einion ap Cyfnerth ap Iddon
galed ap Trayhaem ap Tynhaern ap lorwerth
hilfawr ap Mael Maelienydd.
Mam Margred verch Llew. ap Reinallt oedd Kattrin
verch Howel ap Deio ap Meredydd ap Madoc
ap leuan ap Gruffydd ap Gwilym ap Ririd
fychan ap Kad. ap Madoc ap lorwerth hil-
fawr.
Mam Kattrin oedd Marred verch Llew. ap Dafydd
Lloyd Deuddwr ap Gruffydd fychan ap leuan
ap Madoc ap Owen ap Meiric ap Kyn. ap Pas-
gen ap Gwyn, etc.
Mam Marred verch Llew. ap Dafydd oedd Gwerfyl
verch Meredydd ap lolyn ap Madoc fychan ap
leuan ap lorwerth foeJ ap leva Sais ap Kyf-
nerth ap Iddon galed ap Trahaiarn ap Tynhai-
am ap lorwerth hilfawr.
Mam Gwerfyl oedd Mallt verch Gruffydd ap leuan
ap leuan Gethin «p Madoc Kyffin. Cais Ach
Swine.
LLYFR SILIN. 215
Mam Howel ap Deio oedd Myddefes verch Meredydd
ap leuan iychan.
Mam Llewelyn ap Reinallt oedd Dows verch Howel
goch ap Meredydd ap Madoc Heddwch. Gwel
Ach Pentre Pant.
Mam Reinallt ap Sion oedd Arddun verch Owen ap
Deio ap Meilir ap Sandde.
Mam William Lloyd ap Llew. oedd Kattrin verch
Llew. ap GruflFydd fychan o Deuddwr.
Mam hono oedd Gwerfyl verch Howel ap Madoc ap
lorwerth goch o Fochnant.
Mam Dafydd Lloyd ap Meredydd oedd Tangwystl
verch ac unig etifeddesau (sic) Dafydd ap leuan
ap Ririd foel o Flodwel.
Mam Llew. ap Gruffydd Fychan o Ddeuddwr oedd
Fall verch lolyn ap leuan Gethin ap Madoc
Kyffin.
Mam hono oedd Angharad verch leuan ap Einon ap
lorweth foel.
Mam Gruffydd fychan o Ddeuddwr oedd Gwenllian
verch Llew. ap Dafydd Llwch.
Mam Gwenllian oedd Morfyd verch Llew. ap Gruf-
fydd Lloyd oV Main.
Gwraig gyntaf Dafydd Lloyd ap Gruffydd fychan
oedd Elen verch Siankin Kinaston o Watle.
Ail wraig Dafydd Lloyd oedd Margred verch Philip
Milton ap Ririd Milton ac o hono hi y daetn
Llwydiaid y Trallwng.
Y SAENE YN LLANDEINIO YN DEUDDWR.
Richard Derwas ap John Derwas ap Owen ap Gruff-
ydd ap Reinallt ap Sir Gruffydd fychan ap Gruffydd
ap leuan ap Madoc ap Kadwgan Wenwys.
Mam Richard Derwas oedd Ann Langford.
Mam Sion Derwas oedd Ann Sae verch Hugh Sae
ap Dafydd Sae.
Mam Matthew Sae oed Kattrin neu Margred verch
Moris ap leuan Gethin ap Madoc Kyffin.
216 LLYFR SILIN.
Mam Ann Sae oed Elen verch William ap Gruffydd
Derwas.
Mam Owen ap Gruffydd ap Reinallt oedd Margred
verch Llew. ap leuan ap Gruffydd ap Dafydd.
Mam Margred oedd Margred verch Gruffjrdd ap
Llew. fongam.
Mam Gruffydd ap Reinallt oedd Ales verch Gruffydd
ap leuan Gethiu ap Madoc Kyffin.
A gwraig arall a f u i Reinallt ap Sir Gruffydd a el-
wyd Mallt verch Siankin ap lorwerth o EUyw
verch Gruffydd Derwas.
Owen Derwas a Roland Derwas oedd feibion i Sion
Derwas uchod a brodyr i Richard Derwas un
dad, oblegid Elen Lloyd verch Lewis Lloyd o
Foelfre oedd fam i Owen a Rolant ; yr hon a
fuase yn briod a Sion Lloyd o'r Rhandir ac yr
oedd fam i Roger Lloyd or Rhandir a Merch.
Plant Roger Lloyd o'r Rhandir oedd unig etifeddes
a bono oedd wraig Sion Fychan ap Howel
Fychan ap Owen ap Sion ap Howel Fychan.
Mai Ach Llwydiarth.
PENRHTN DEUDDWR.
Gruffydd Penrhyn ap William Penrhyn^ ap William'
Penrhyn ap Llew. ap Humffre ap Gruffydd Penrhyn
ap Llew. ap Gruffydd fychan ap Gruffydd Ddeuddwr
ap leuan ap Madoc ap Owen ap Meiric ap Cynn ap
Pasgen ap Gwyn ap Gruffydd Arglwydd Cegidfa ap
Beli ap Selyf ap Brochwel ap Aeddan ap Cyngen ap
Elissau ap Gwylawg ap Beli ap Mael Myngan ap Selef
Sarph Cadau ap Cynan garwyn ap Brochwel Yscyth-
rog.
Mam William Penrhyn ap William Penrhyn oedd
Ales verch Richard^ Sialway o Yslandffordd.
^ He married Alice, daughter and sole heiress of Evan ap Ham-
pbrej of Llandrinio.
2 Sheriff of Montgomeryshire, 1604.
^ Richard Sal way, son of Edmnnd Sal way, third son of Humphrey
Sal way, of Stanford, Worcestershire, was Sheriff for Montgomery-
shire in 1.j69.
LLYFR SILIN. 217
Mam Ales oedd Ann verch Roger Vychan o Rysyw
ap Watgyn.
Mam Ann oedd Elizabeth verch Sir Thomas Korwall
lor Kynlleth.
Mam William Penrhyn oedd Kattrin verch Dafydd^
ap Howel ap Llew. ap leuan Llwyd wane o
Gynlleth.
Mam Llew. ap Humphre oedd Ann verch Meredydd
ap William ap Gruffydd.*
Mam Meredydd ap William oedd verch Dafydd ap
Gutyn ap GruflFydd ap leuan Gethin.
Mam Humphre Penrhyn oedd Betri neu Cattrin
verch ac etifeddes William Kinaston ap Gruff-
ydd ap Siankin ap Madoc ap Philip ap GruffH^dd
ap Gruflfydd fychan ap Sir Gruffydd ap lor-
werth ap Meredydd ap Bleddyn ap Cyn-
fyn. Kyfnither oedd hi i Humphre Kinaston
WyUt.
Mam Gruffydd Penrhyn oedd Gwerfyl verch Howel
ap Madoc ap lorwerth goch ap leuan Foelfrych
ap lorwerth fychan ap lorwerth ap Madoc
fychan ap Madoc ap Urien o Faengwynedd ap
Eginion ap Lies ap Idnerth benfras o Faes-
brwk.
Mam lorwerth goch oedd ferch Madoc goch ap
leva ap Cyhelyn.
Mam Llew. ap Gruffydd fychan oedd Mali verch
lolyn ap leuan Gethin ap Madoc Kyffin.
Sieffre Penrhyn ap Owen ap Gruffydd ap Llew. ap
Gruffyth fycnan ap Gruffyth Ddeuddwr fal o'r
blaen
Mam Sieffre Penrhyn oedd Mali verch Sion ap Deio
ap William ap lorwerth fychan ap lorwerth ap
Dafydd.
^ David ap Owen ap Llew. ap Grtiffydd ap Ali of Mochnant.
(Lewys Dwnn's Fw., vol. i, p. 279, n. 9.)
^ Of Swjney. Lineally descended from Idnerth Benfraes of Maes-
bruok, ap Uchdryd ap Edwyn Tegengl ap Gronwy ap Owen ap
Howel Dda. (Lewys Dwnn, Vis., vol. i, p. 279, n. 10.)
218 LLYFR SILIN.
KRYW.
Thomas Lloyd ap Gruffydd Vychaix ap GrufFydd ap
Richard ap Howel ap Eniivs ddu.
Mam Thomas Lloyd oedd Sioned verch leuan Lloyd
o Abertanat ap Dafydd Lloyd un fam un dad.
Brawd un fam oedd Thomas Lloyd uchod i
Robert Lloyd o'r Bryngwyn a chefnder i Tho-
mas Tanat o Abertanat ; oblegid Sioned verch
leuan Lloyd a fuasai yn briod a Dafydd Lloyd
o'r Bryngwyn ac ydoedd fam i Robert Lloyd.
Graffjdd Yjchan was the first husband of Sioned Wen
verch leuan Lloyd, and by her he had also Jeffeiy Lloyd
and EliB Lloyd. (Glascoed MS.)— L M. .
Mam Gruffydd ap Richard oedd Gwenhwyfar verch
Adda ap Gruffjrdd ap Adda fychan.
TREFNANE.
John Mathews Ysw. ap James Mathews ap Mathew
ap Lewis ap Dafydd goch ap Dafydd ap Madoc ap
leuan ap Meredydd o'r Main ap Llew. ap Grufiydd
Lloyd ap Llewelyn Foelgrwn. Fel yr Ach nesaf.
GOLPA. PLWY LLANSILIN.
Jeffre fab Gruffydd ap Jeffre Gruffydd ap Lewis ap
Lewis ap Owen ap Madoc ap leuan ap Meredydd o'r
Main ap Llew. ap Gruffydd Lloyd ap Llewelyn Foel-
grwn ap Meredydd Lloyd ap leuan ap Llew. fychan ap
Llew. ap Madoc ap lorwerth fychan ap lorwerth goch
ap Madoc ap Meredyth ap Bleddyn ap Cynfyn.
Gwraig Jeffre Griffiths oedd Grace Lloyd verch
Richard Lloyd ap John Lloyd o Foelfre.
Mam Jeffre Griffiths yw Lowry verch Rys Lloyd o
Gownwy ap Dafydd Lloyd ap Meredydd.
Mam Gruffydd ap Jeffre oedd Elin Jones verch Robert
Jones ap John ap Thomas ap Lewis ap Llew.
ap Moris Goch. Cais Ach Esgwennant.
LLYFR SILIN. 219
MEIFOD Y MAIN.
Humphre Gruffydd ap Owen ap Owen ap Lewis ap
Owen ap Madoc ap leuan ap Meredydd ap Gruffydd
Lloyd ap Llewelyn Foelgwn o'r Main : fal or blaen.
Mam Owen ap Lewis oedd Margred verch Dafydd
Lloyd ap Howel ap Moris o Fodlith.
Mam Lewis ap Owen oed Gwerfyl verch Meredydd
ap lolyn ap Madog fychan ap leuan ap lor-
werth foel ap leva Sais.
Mam Gwerfyl oedd verch Madoc ap Meredydd ap
Adda fychan.
Gruffydd ap Owen a briododd Lowri verch ac eti-
feddes Sion Thomas ap Rys ap Gutyn o Langadwaladr,
ac y bu iddynt Humphre Griffith a briododd Elinor Wenn
verch Thomas Wyn ap Humphre o Gegidfa ; Elen gw-
raig Edward Tanad o'r Neuaddwen ; Margred gwraig
Dafydd ap Evan ap Robert o Fochnant; Kattrin gwraig
Arthur ap Edward o'r Rhiwlas; a Mary gwraig Thomas
ap Richard o Bont twired} yn y Rhiwlas uwch y Foel
Elen a Kattrin uchod a fuont feirw yn ddiblant.
TREVBDRTD: PLWT MEIFOD.
Nathaniel Moris fab Nathaniel Moris ap Thomas ap
Oliver Moris ap Moris ap Meredydd ap leuan ap Rys
ap Howel ap Gruffydd ap leuan Gethin ap Madoc
Kyffin.
Mam Nathaniel langaf oedd Elizabeth verch Richard
Herbert o'r Park.
Mam Nathaniel Moris yr ail oedd Elizabeth verch
ac etifeddes Edward Pryce ap Edward Pryce
o'r Eglwyseg.
Mam Thomas Moris oedd Ales verch ac etifeddes
Moris ap Lewis Kyffin ap Sion ap William ap
Moris ap leuan Gethin ap Madoc Kyffin.
1 Pontricket (?).
220 LLYPR SILIN.
DOLOBRAN.
Charles Lloyd ap John Lloyd ap Dafydd ap Dafydd
Lloyd ap leuan ap Owen ap leuan Tdg ap Deio ap
Llew. ap Einion ap Kelynyn. Mai ach Llwydiarth.
Mam Charles Lloyd oedd Kattrin verch ac un o dwy
etifeddesau Humphre ap Sion Wynn ap leuan
ap Owen ap leuan T6g. Mai y Paladr.
Mam Sion Lloyd oedd Ales verch Dafydd Lloyd ap
William ap Matthew o Elsbeth verch Edward
ap Rys ap Dafydd ap Gwilym o Eglwyseg ; ei
mam hithe.
Mam Kattrin oedd Mawd verch Oliver 'ap Thomas
o'r Neuaddwen yn Llanerfyl.
Mam Humphre ap Sion Wynn oedd Margred Kinas-
ton verch Humphre Kinaston Wyllt.
Mam Margred Kinaston oedd Elizabeth verqh Mere-
dith ap Howel ap Moris ap leuan Gethin ap
Madoc Kyffin.
Mam Elizabeth oedd Damasin verch Irland ap
Robert Irland ap Sir John Irland Arglwydd
Hwrt.
Mam Sion Wynn ap leuan ap Owen oedd Gwenhwyf-
ar verch Meredydd Lloyd ap GrufFydd ap
Meredydd ap Dafydd ap Gruffydd fychan ap
Gruffydd ap Einion ap Ednyfed ap Sulien.
Mam leuan ap Owen oedd Kattrin verch Reinallt
ap Sir Gruffydd fychan o Bowys.
Mam Owen ap leuan T6g oedd Mawd verch leuan
Blaene ap Gruflfydd ap Llew. fychan ap Llew.
ap Meilir gryg ap GruflFydd ap lorwerth ap
Owen ap Bledri neu Rodri ap Aeddan ap Broch-
wel Yscythrog.
Plant Sion Wynn ap leuan ap Owen o Fargred
Kinaston oedd Humphre a briododd Mawd
verch Oliver ap Thomas o'r Neuaddwen ; Da-
fydd Lloyd a briododd Kattrin verch Owen ap
Meredydd ap Llewelyn ap Tudr or Main ;
LLYFR SILIN. 221
William a briododd Elizabeth verch Harri ap
Meredydd o'r Main ; a Sion Wynn ; ac Elsbeth
fwraig Roger Lloyd ap Roger Lloyd o Nant-
ruba ; Sioned gwraig Humphre ap Owen o'r
Main ; a Sian gwraig tad John Dafydd ap Rys
o Gyfronydd ; hwnw oedd Dafydd ap Rys ap
Dafydd Bedo o'r Trallwng.
ESTYNCOLWYN.
Rys ap Thomas ap Rys ap Dafydd ap Ithel ap leuan
ap Meredydd ap Gruffydd ap Tudr ap Madoc
ap Einion ap Madoc ap G walla wr ap Eynnir
ap Lies ap Idnerth benfras ap Uchdryd ap
Edwin.
Mam Rys ap Thomas oedd Ales verch Sieffre Tanat
ap leuan Lloyd fychan ap leuan Lloyd ap Da-
fydd Lloyd o Abertanat ap Gruflfydd ap leuan
fychan ap leuan Gethin ap Madoc Kyffin.
Mam Rys ap uafydd ap Ithel oedd Kattrin verch
Owen ap leuan Teg ap Dafydd ap Llew. ap
Einion ap Kelynyn.
Mam Dafydd ap Ithel oedd Mali verch Madoc ap
leuan ap Meredydd ap Grufifydd Llwyd ap
Llew. Foelgrwn.
Plant Rys ap Thomas o Gaenor verch Sion Owen
Vychan o Lwydiarth oedd Doritie etifeddes
gwraig Lumle Williams ap Harri Williams ap
William Williams o Kychwillan.
Mam Lumle Williams oedd verch Thomas Salsbri o
Ddinbech ap Sir Sion Salsbri ap Sir Roger ap
Sir Thomas ap Sir Thomas Salsbri hfen.
Dafydd ap Ithel o Estyncolwyn yn Meifod a briododd
Lowri Grae verch Sion Grae yn ail wraig : ac y bu
iddi Ales verch Dafydd ap Ithel ag Eraill. A'r Ales
bono a briododd Owen Tad Thomas ap Owen o'r Main :
Ac i Thomas y bu Cadwaladr ap Thomas, ac i'r Cad-
waladr y bu Owen ap Cadwaladr sydd 'rwan 1645.
Y Lowri Grae uchod a fuase gyda leuan Lloyd
222 LLTFB SILIN.
fychan o Abertanat, ac i leuan y bu honi chwech o
Blant ; nid am gen Si on Lloyd o'r Bryn ; Dafydd Lloyd
o Dre 'r Prenol ; a Damasin Lloyd gwraig Lewis Lloyd
o Foelfre ; a thri eraill a fuont feirw yn ddiblant.
Mam Ithel oedd Dibod verch Gruffydd ap lenan
Gethin ap Madoc Kyffin.
Mam Kattrin verch Owen ap leuan T6g oedd Fedde-
fys verch Gruffydd ap leuan ap Dafydd Lloyd
o Abertanat.
Mam Owen ap leuan T6g oedd Fawd verch leuan
Blaene.
Mam leuan T6g oedd Feddefys verch Gruffydd
Deuddwr al mam hithe oedd verch Llew, ap
Dafydd Llwch.
LLAN St. FFRAID YN MECHAIN.
Thomas Moris fab Edward Moris ap Moris ap Mor-
gan ap Dafydd ap Sion ap Dafydd goch ap Meredydd
ap lolyn ap Madoc fychan ap leuan ap lorwerth Arg-
Iwydd Mechain ap leuan ap Cyfnerth ap Iddon ap
Trahaiarn ap Tinhaiarn ap lorwerth hilfawr o Halch-
dyn, &c.
Gwraig gyntaf Thomas Moris oedd verch Edward
Herries ; ail wraig Thomas Morris yw Eliza-
beth verch John Davies o'r Aithnen neu Bod-
ynfol chwaer Reinallt Davies, sydd heb Blant
ac Edward Moris ei nai ydyw Aer BodynfoL
Mam Thomas Moris oedd Ann verch Thomas Tanat
ap Bys Tanad o Abertanat ap Thomas Tanat
ap leuan Lloyd fychan ap leuan Lloyd ap
Dafydd Lloyd Barwniaid Abertanat ap Gruflf-
ydd ap leuan fychan ap leuan Gethin ap
Madoc Kyffin, &c.
Mam Ann oedd Margred verch Boger Kinaston.o
Hordle ap Edward Kinaston ap Hnmphre
Kinaston Wyllt ap Sir Boger Kinaston.
Mam Margred oedd Margred verch John Owen fychan
o Llwydiarth.
LLYFR SILIN. 223
Mam Roger Kynaston oedd Margred verch Edward
Lloyd o Llwyn y Maen ap Meredydd Lloyd.
Mam Thomas Tanat oedd Mary verch Thomas Wil-
liams ap Reinallt Williams o Wilaston o Flanse
verch Robert Powel o Grees Oswallt ei mam
hithau .
Mam Mary oedd Elizabeth verch John Price o Goger-
ddan.
Mam Thomas Tanat ap leuan Lloyd fychan oedd
Elizabeth verch Roger Thorns o Sielfroch o Sian
verch Sir Roger Kinaston ei mam hithe.
Mam Edward Moris oedd Elizabeth verch Edward
Tanat o Drewylan ap Sieffre Tanat ap leuan
Lloyd o Abertanat.
Mam Moris ap Morgan oedd Ann verch Howel ap
David ap Sion ap Siankyn fychan ap Howel ap
lenan o Fodfach ap Llewelyn ap Einion Barwn
o Llwydiarth.
Mam Rys Tanat ap Thomas Tanat oedd Kattrin
verch Matthew Goch o Drenewvdd,
Mam Dafydd ap Sion ap Dafydd goch oedd Elen
verch Humphre ap Dafydd ap leuan Lloyd o'r
CoUfiyn.
Mam Sion ap Dafydd Goch oedd Ales verch Llew.
ap Gruflfydd ap Dafydd Gethin.
Mam Madoc fychan oedd Gwladys verch Madoc
' fychan yn dyfod allan o Ynyr Arglwydd I&l.
Gwraig lorwerth Arglwydd Mechain oedd Angharad
verch ac etifeddes Owen fychan Arglwydd
Mechain ap Owen ap Madoc ap Meredydd ap
Bleddyn ap Cynfyn.
Mam Angharad oedd Gwladys verch Meredydd ap
Owen ap Gruffydd ap Arglwydd Rys ap Gruff-
ydd ap Rys ap Tewdwr.
LLAN St. FFRAID YN MECHAIN.
Howel ap Davydd ap John ap Jenkyn Vychan ap
Hoel ap leuan o Fodfach ap Llewelyn ap Einion ap
Celynyn.
224 LLYFR SILIN.
Plant Howel ap Dafydd oedd John ap Howel a
Dafydd ap Howel ac Ann gwraig Morgan
Dafydd.
Mam y rhain oedd Gwerfyl wen verch Llew. ap leuan
ap Howel o^ Foelyrch o Sian verch Sion Ed-
wards o'r Waen.
Plant Sion ap Howel ap Dafydd oedd Lewis ap Sion
a briododd Ales verch Dafydd ap Sion Dafydd ;
Katrin gwraig Hugh Gruff, o Llanfyllin ; ac
Elinor mort. Mam y rhain oedd Lowri verch
Dafydd ap leuan ap Thomas o Gwm Nantfyllon
ap Einion ap Gruffydd ap Howel ap Madoc ap
Heilin ap Gwyn ap Gruffydd ap Beli, &c.
Plant Lewis ap Sion o Ales uchod oedd Walter a
Rhys ; ac o ferched Elinor gwraig Edward
Parry ; Kattrin gwraig Sion Parry ; Margred
gwraig Richard Atkins ; ac Elizabeth gwraig
Salmon Burges.
Mam Ales verch Dafydd ap Sion ap Dafydd oedd
Kattrin verch Kobert Kyffiin o Swine ap Sion
ap Dafydd ap Gutyn ap Gruffydd ap leuan
Gethin ap Madoc Kyffin.
Plant Dafydd ap Howel ap Dafydd oedd Sion,
Humphre ag Owen : o ferched Ellen gwraig
Michael Derwas ap Owen Derwas ag Elliw.
Mam y plant hyn oedd Sian verch Sion Llwyd
o'r Rhandir o Elen verch Lewis Lloyd o Foel-
fre ei mam hithe.
Plant Jenkin ap Howel ap leuan o Bodfach oedd John ncbod a
William ap. Jenkin.
Plant John nchod oedd Dafydd nchod, Gruffydd Llwyd, a Lowri
gwraig Dafydd ap William ap Meredydd o Lanerch yr
Aur. — L M.
(To be continued,)
225
LLANDAFF CATHEDRAL: CHUECH GOODS.
We are indebted to Mr. R. W. GriflSth for these valu-
able records of church goods, transcribed from the Rolls
Court,
Land Revenue Records. [Removal of 1872.] Church Goods.
Bundle 1393. File 178, No. 1. Extracts.
"The accompte of George Herbert^ Rice Manscell* Knight.
Robert Gamege' comyssyon' authorised by vertue of a
Comyssion of o'^ late sov^aign Lord Kinge Edward the ... for
the sale of the churche goods w^'^in the Countie of Glam'gan by
their as here after foUowith made the viij*** day of Decem-
ber annis reguoru' Ph'i et Marie Ac. tertio et quarto Retorned
to the right worshipf uUe Will'm Banies Thomas Mildma ... &
John Wisman Esquiers Comyssyon's appointed for the same ...
Will'm Herbert* Will'm Bassett^ & Myles Mathewe*
^ This was probably Sir George Herbert of Swansea, second son
of Sir Richard Herbert of Ewiaa, knighted about 1570. He mar-
ried, first, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Berkeley : secondly,
Grace Bewring, widow of Geoffrey Newton, and had issue, — 1, Mat-
thew Herbert of Swansea ; 2, William Herbert of Gogan Pill ; 3,
John Herbert, who married Lady Perry ; and three daughters.
(Qenealogies of Glamorgan,)
^ Sir Rice Mansell, Knt., son of Jenkin Mansell of Oxwich, pur-
chased Margam Abbey from the Crown, and was Chamberlain of
Chester. Sheriff of Glamorgan, 1541, 1553. {Ibid.) He lived at
Cardiff Castle.
* Robert Gamage of Coyty, " who had a very celebrated law-plea
with St. John of Bletsoe and Basset of Beaupr6, coh. with him of
Sir John and Sir Lawrence Berkerolles, and Agnes Turberville, for
the possession of Coyty Castle." {Ibid.)
^ William Herbert of St. Julian's, lessee of Newport Castle, 1578.
A very learned man, especiaUy in divinity. Author of an Exposition
of the Revelations.
^ William Bassett, of Beaupr^, was son-in-law of Sir Rice Man-
sell, whose daughter Catherine he married. He was Sheriff of Gla-
morgan in 1558.
^ Miles Matthew of Llandaff, son of Sir Christopher, was Sheriff
in 1547. He married, as his second wife, Margaret, daughter of the
above Robert Gfamage.
5tu sjeu., vol. it. 15
226 LLANDAFF CATHEDRAL :
Esquiers Comyssyon's allotted to the hundreds of KaerfuUy
Uaiitrissent Denys powis & Kaerdif the said Will'm Herbert
was appojmted to receave the money for the Churche Goods of
the said foure hundreds and like wise appoynted to receve the
plate that was to be receavyd by force of the forsaid Comys-
syon I the said WiU'm Bassett & Miles Mathewe beinge p'sent
at the sale thereof | and also at the recevinge of the said plate
according to the forsaid Comyssyon
" Item the sayd Will'm Herbert receavyd vii challice w** ther
patents p'cell geilte weyinge Ixxj ownc' | Will'm Bassett &
Myles Mathewe beinge p'sent And also receavyd owt of the
Cathedi'all Churche of liandaff one sencer of silver ffotted w*^
brasse weyinge xxv ownc' And one paxe of silver w*^ a cristall
stone in hit weyinge viij ounc' & half a shippe of silver we3ringe
ix ownc' & a bell of silver gilte weyinge v ownc' & a half all
w*^*^ plate amounteth to a hunderte xix ownc' And for that the
said Will'm Herbert hadd not the sight of my Lords of the
Prevey CounsaiU is tres for the redelyverye of the same the
said Will'm Herbert deteyneth the same plate in his custodye
till suche tyme that the Comyshon's further pleasure be knowen
"It'm the said William Herbert receavyd one chesyble of
tynsill belonging to the Church of Llandaff w«^ the said Will'm
Herberte dothe yet deteyne for lake of sight of the Counsaill is
forsaid tres
" George Herbertt R Manxell
Eobert Gamage WiU'm Herbert
Myles Mathe Will'm Bassett
" Churche Goods in Com' Glamorgan w* the Counsells tres for
the delivery of the plate to the parishe Churches the In-
dentures wherof remayn in a box."
Land Revenue Records. [Removal of 1872.] Church Goods.
Bundle 1393. File 182, No. 1.
" Mr. John Broxholme* gentleman had the shryne of Seynt
Tobya^ in Landaf | the iij Seynts hedds* w* theyr mytors on
sylv' doble gylte
** It^m Doctor Smyth* now Archdeacon of Landaf & some
^ Brozholm was Chancellor to Bishop Holgate (infra).
^ St. TeliauB or Teilo, the founder and patron Saint of the Cathe-
dral.
' SS. Teilo, Dubritins, and Odocens.
* John Smith, LL.D., Archdeacon in the beginning of Queen
Elizabeth's time. (Browne Willis, p. 81.)
C^URCH GOODS. 227
tyme Tresorer ther had all the rest of the Jewls plat & stuffs of
the said Cathedral Church of Landaf
" It^m S^ John Gryffyty Clerk now Tresorer ther was prevy
to all the sayd spoyle don by Doctor Smyth forsayd
« [Indors*] The plate & juells of Llandaf/'
Land Eevenue Records. [Eemoval of 1872.] Church Goods.
Bundle 1393. File 180, No. 1.
" The sayde John Broxolme saythe that aboute the xxxij or
xxxiii yeres of the raygn of our late sov'aign lorde kynge Henry
theyght one Robart Holgate* then busshopp of Landaph & the
Chapyter of the Cathedrall' Churche of Landaph were possessed
of one Shryne called Sayntelyaves* Shyme standinge in the
saycL Cathedrall' Churche of I^daph as of theyr owne proper
gooddes Jewells & ornaments in the ryght of the same Churche
& they beinge so possessed one Henry Morgan and John ap
levan & other chan'ons resydencyaryez of the said Cathedrall
Churche hearynge that the sayd late Kinge of famous memory
had sent for dy vers shrynes w^ then lately stode in the Cathe-
drall Churches as out of Lyncoln Cantarbury & dyvers other
dyd pull down the sayd shryne & brake hyt in many peces &
p'te of the same dyd convaye awaye & torned to their owne uses
whereupon Thomas Baker beinge then Comyssary to the bus-
shoppe of Landaph & remaynynge in the dioc' by his Tres
* John Griffith, LL.B., Dean of St. Asaph. By his will, proved
FebruaiT 3, 1659, he appointed " his body to be bury'd in the Cathe-
dral of Salisbury, where, as A. Wood says, he was also beneficed."
(Browne Willis, p. 85.)
^ Robert Holgate, S.T.P., Master of the Order of Sempringham,
and Prior of Walton, being an active man in promoting King Henry
YIIl's measures, was, in recompense thereof, promoted to this see,
March 25, 1537, and had the royal assent, March 29 following.
Having obtained leave of the King to hold hisPriorship in commen-
dam^ he did so till the Dissolntion, armo 1540, in Which he showed
himself very forward, insomuch that in the year 1544 he was pro-
moted to the Archbishopric of York, which he held till Qaeen
Mary*s accession to the crown, who deprived him anno 1554, and
also imprisoned him. He was released after eighteen months, and
retired to Hemsworth, where he died before the end of 1556, as
appears by the probate of his last will and testament on December
4th that year. (B. Willis, p. 63.) Three Grammar Schools, viz.,
York, Old Mai ton, and Hemsworth, and a hospital at Hemsworth
(which was probably his birthplace), were founded by hioL
' St. Teilo (supra).
15 »
228 LLANDAPF CATHEDRAL :
uttered the same thinge to the sayd late busshoppe And as I
do rememV the sayd busshopp advertysed the Lord Cromwell
therof by Doctor Bellyces and so the sayd Lord Cromwell dyrect
his Tre to the sayd late busshoppe therby wyllyng & com'and-
ynge hym that he shulde send to the sayd Chapyter for the
sayd shrine to be brought to London w<»^ busshoppe delyv'd to
me then beinge his Cha'ncelo' in the said dyoc' of Landaph the
sayd letter & wylled me aswell for the same as for his other
afifayres to be dyspatched to repayre to the sayd Cathedrall
Churche and theyre to com'on w**^ the sayd Chapyter and bringe
the sayd Shryne up to London wherupon as the busshops mes-
senger & sVaunt in thys behalf I com'oned w* the sayd Chapy-
ter in the Chapyter house of the sayd Cathedrall Churche And
forthw*^ upon the syght of the sayd letter the Chansons resy-
dencyaryez making theyr Chapyter deljrv^ed unto me about four
or fyve hundreth ownces of gylted plate w** they sayd •was
theyr sayd & hole Shryne and for asmuche as I suspect a grett
p'te of the sayd Shryne was convayed awaye and that I wold
that they shuld fully knowe that I dyd nothinge but by the
said busshoppes comondment I delyv'ed them a byll^ testyfy-
enge the weyght by the nomb' of the ownces & the sorte of
kinde of the plate w*'^ I had R^ and that I B^ the same to be
delyv'ed to the sayd busshoppe and so brought the same plate
by me receyvd from Llandaph & dely v'ed yt here to the sayd
late busshoppe at London w®^ busshoppe afterward sold the
same to one Eede a goldsmythe in Chepsyde and as to any
other p*te of the plate of the sayd Churche the sayd John Brox-
olme sayth he neV receyvyd any no' knoweth not what yt was
no'* what became of hit but that all the other plate of the sayd
Churche remaynyd in the custodye of the sayd Henry Morgan
w®^ afterward told me at London that he had delyv'ed it to the
late Lord Cromwell to the use of the sayd late Kinge And
afterward dysplesure envye & malyce growen between the sayd
busshopp and the sayd Henry Morgan the same Henry com-
pleyned to the sayd Lord Cromwell that the sayd late busshopp
of Landaph had taken away the sayd Shryne neVtheles the
sayd Lord Cromwell answered to the s'vaunts of the sayd late
busshoppe that the same busshopp shulde endevo'' himself to
s've truly the Kings Ma^® in the North p'tyes & shulde not be
aflfrayed no' lettyd by such complaynts And afterward the sayd
late busshopp gave & sent unto the said Cathedrall Churche a
payre of organs & dy v's suyts of vestments as he sayd in recom-
pence of the sayd Shryne And furthe' the sayd John Broxolme
sayth that the sayd Cathedrall* Church of Landaph rev^ was
surrendred disolvyd o' otherwyse com'e into the season o' pos-
CHURCH GOODS. 229
sessyon of the sayd late Kinge Henry theight but that the same
churche styll' remaynes in her ascencyatt' body polytyque &
that Kinge Henry theight no^ no other Kinge no"^ Quene of this
realme were nev' seysed of the same Churche synce the tyme
out of mynd of any estate of frehold no"^ yet entytled to have
the gooddes & catalls of the said churche
" [Indors*] The aunswere of Mr. Broxholme concernyng
the Shrene of Landafif in Walls."
tt
Land Eevenue Records. [Removal of 1872.] Church Goods.
Bundle 1393. FUe 181, No. 1.
** South Wales. — A Remembrance of the plate remayning in
the Church of Landaf the tyme of the surrender and dis-
soluc* of the same and by whom it was from thence con-
veyed as Morice Mathewe of Landaf Esquier hath & doth
declare in mann' and forme folowing viz.
"Furst oon Shryne of St. Tilliar of silver p'cell gilte of the
coveringe in o' Lady Chapell^ of Landaf aforeseid
" Taken by John Braxholme and Baker.
It'm xij Apostles of silver with the Trinitie
It'm St. Elios hedde of sylver gylte an arme of the same Seynte
gylte St. Dubrice hedde of silver & an arme of the seyd
Seynte of silver And St. Odotyhe his hedde of silver and
an arme of the seid St. Odithe of silv'
" It'm a crosse of golde abouyht half a foote of lenght
" It*m ij other crosses of silver a pixe and ij candelstyckes of
silver
" It*m i j basons of silver, ij crewells of silver a paxe of silver a
litle sacringe belle of silver and a shippe to carry Frank-
ingsence of silver ij sencers of silver
" It'm xiij challesses of silver
" Taken by S*" Henry Morgan and brought to London
to be delyVed to the Lorde Crumwell as he harde
saye
" [Indors*] Myles Mathe
" Sowth Wales
*' Churche goods."
^ Note that the Shrine of St. Teilo was in the Ladye Chapel.
230 LLANDAFF CATHEDRAL
Church Goods. Land Eevenue Records, No. 678, m. 1.
" To the Righte Reverende Father in God Nicolas^ Archebyshope
of York Lord Chancellor of England
" Pleasithe it yo' Grace to be advertised that we the p'sons
subscribjd being five of the com'ission's namid and app^jntid
by the King and Quenes Ma** most hon'able commission herein
closed & to us by the righte reVend father in God Stephen* late
byshope of Winchester then Lord Chancellor of England ad-
dressyd for the hearing & exam'ing of the contents of the bill
herein lekewise enclosyd and to the saide com'ission anexyd
dyd according to o^ bonde' diwtye dilegently travell in and
abouts the hearing and exa'ing of the contents of the said bill
cheffely by thothes of the p'sons vicars curattes p'ishe clerkes
sextens chirchewardens & ij or more of thoneste & discretiste
p'ishen's as well of the Cathedrall Chirche of Landaff as of ev'y
other chirche w*^in somyche of the same dioces as lyethe in the
conte of Glamorgan ande their severall presentm'ts upon their
othes herein have putte in writing leke as by the cedules here-
into anexyd may appere ande tihe same do transmitte ande
sende unto yo' Grace Whom it may pleyse that suche farder
order may be therin taken as shalbe for the furtherance and ad-
vancem* of Goddes service the true executing of their said
Ma^ most hon'able and godly intente and procedings in religion
& to the grete ease and reliffe of the pore inh'itants of the said
sev'all p'ishes Written at Landaf foresaid the twelf day of May
in the seconde & thirde yeres of the raigne of o*" sov^aign lorde
and lady Phelippe ande Mary by the Grace of God of England
Spayne France Bothe Cicilly Jerusalem and Ireland King ande
Queue defenders of the Faythe Archedukes of Austry dukes of
^ Nicholas Heath sacoeeded Archbishop Holgate. He had been
Buccessively Bishop of Llandaff, Rochester^ and Worcester. Of thiB
last he was deprived by Edward Yl for refusing to take the oath of
supremacy ; but was restored by Queen Mary, over whom he had
much influence. He induced her to restore to the see of Tork the
Ripon lordship and seven manors which had been alienated from it,
as well as Southwell and five other manors in Nottinghamshire. On
the accession of Elizabeth he retired to Oobham, in Surrey, where
he had a small estate." (York, S.P.G.K., 331.)
" Stephen Gardiner, deprived in 1550.
CHailCH GOODS. 231
Burgunde Mellayn ande Brabande erles of Haspurgh Flanders
and TiroUs
" George Mathew^ Robert Stralyng*
Morgan Mathew* Roger Williams."
Church Goods. Land Revenue Records, No. 678, m. 2.
"Philippus et Maria Dei gra' Rex A Regina Angl' Franc'
Neapolis Jerusalem & Hib'n* Fidei Defensores principes Hispa-
niar' & Cecilie Archiduces Austrie duces Mediolani Burgundie
& Brabantie comites Haspugi Flandrie & Tirolis Dil'c'o A fideli
suo Geoi*gio Matho militi ac dil'c'is sibi Rowlando ap Morgan'
Rob'to Stradleng Edwardo Stradlyng* armig'is Morgano Matho
de Cardyf & Rog'o Williams gen'osis salt'm Sciatis q'd nos de
fidelitab' & p'vidis circumspecc'o'ib' Vris plenius confidentes
assignavim' vos ac tenore p'senciu' dam' vob' quinq' quatuor
trib' vel duob' v'r'm plenam potestatem & auctoritatem audiendi
& examinandi quandam mat'iam in quadam petic'o'e hiis p'sen-
tibus annex* content' & spificat' Et ideo vobis quinq' quatuor
trib' vel duob' v'r'm mandam' q'd ad iUos dies et loca quos ad
hoc p^videritis partes in eadem petic'o'e sp'ificat' ac alios quos-
cumq' testes quos p' testificac'oe vltatis mat'ie p'ae'e fore vide-
ritis evocand' coram vob' quinq' quatuor trib' vel duob' v^r'm
evocetis ac ip'os testes & eor' queml* de & sup' mafia p'd'c'a
sup* S'c'a Dei Evangelia diligent' examinetis examinac^o'esq'
suas recipiatis & in scriptis redigatis Et sup' hoc auditisq' hin-
cinde r'onib' ac aliis viis & modis quib' melius sciVitis finalit'
(si pot'itis) del'minetis et ideo vob' quinq' quatuor trib' vel duob'
vYm mandam' q'd circa p'missa diligent' intendatis ac ea fac'
& exequanimi cum efTc'u T* nob' ip'is apud Westm' ix die Maii
annis r' n' primo et s^c'ndo | | a Marten
" Tho. Marty."
Church Goods. Land Revenue Records, No. 678, m. 3.
" To the Right Reverende Father in Godd Stephen Byshope of
Winchester Lorde Chauncello' of Englande.
" In moost humble wiese shewith yo"" honorable Lordshipps
orato" the King and Queues Ma**®* faithfull and obedient sub-
^ Sir George Mathew, of Radyr, Ent., M.P. for Glamorgan. She-
riff, 1645.
* There were persons of this name at Sweldon in GaeraUi at
WhitweU, and at St Y Nill.
^ Preb. of Llantwit. A branch of the Stradlings of St. Donat*8.
* (Sir) Edward Stradling of St. Donat's. Sheriff in 1678, 1581,
1593. Knighted in 1575. A scholar, and the possessor of a fine
library.
232 LLANDAFF CATHEDRAL :
jects of the Coiintie of Glamorgayne in the dioces of LandafF
That wheareas in the latter daies of o' late soVaign Lord King
Edward the Sixte a comission was directed to s'tayne gentill-
men in that p'ties for the saile of churche goods I The said
comissioners by colour of the same have deteigned in there
hands and yet do deteyne the mooste p'te of the said goods
without any accompt made therof to the said King Edwarde or
to the Quenes Highnes or any restituc'on of the same to the
parysshes notwithstanding that yt pleased yo' good Lordship
and others of the Quenes most honorable Gounceill at the
humble suete of yo' said orato" to dyrect yo^ I'res for reforma-
c'on therof And wheareas the goods plate and Jewells and orna-
ments was worth two or thre thousand pounds by estimac'on
And wheareas also in the same churche was allwaies xij cannons
viij preestes iiij vicars and vj queresters w*** a sexton by whome
Godd was solemnly sVed with two masses by note every dale
to the great comfort of the inhabitants of thoese dioceeses The
cannons resident there and there freends have not only spoyled
conveyed and imbeslyd the said goods to there owne proper
uses so narowly as they have not omytted to plucke up and sell
the paving stones But also have withedrawen the proffites of
the same churche w®** went to the maintenaunce of Godds s'vice
so that thereis but oonly two preestes now w**out either vicare
or conduct and messe by note nor any song this thre or fower
yeres skarsly oon low masse a daye and that not verye s'tayne
For reformac'on wherof yt maye please yo' good Lordship to
direct the King and Quenes comission to som'e discrete gentil-
men in that p'ties to inquyer of all and singuler the premisses
and to certifie yo"^ Lordship therof That theruppon' such order
may be by yo' wisedome taken in that behalf as the King and
Quenes Highnes maye be aunswered as ap^etaignith and the
rest restored to parrysshes and churches from whens the same
was imbesoled and the said Cathedrall Churche restored to her
former state to the hono*^ and Glorye of Gk)dd and great comfort
of thole countrie who dayly thrust for the same And yo^ said
orato" for the long contynuaimce of yo' honorable estate shall
dayely praye."
Church Goods. Land Eevenue Records, No. 678, m, 6,
Schedule 3. Extract. Hondred de Cardiff.
" Ecd'ia Cathedralis Landaven\ — Presenters Sir John Singer
clerke p'ishe priste there Griffithe Thomas sexten Morgan Lewes
Lewes ap Morgan John Goche and Boger David substanciall &
honeste p'ishioners there who sayen upon their othes that Wil-
CHUKCH GOODS. 233
li*m Herbert Willi»m Bassett and Miles Mathewe esquiers
com^ssioners in the later dayes of King Edward the Sixte
emongeste others assigned did sytle iii thexecuting therof the
xvij**^ day of Julye a° Eegine Marie p'mo in the howse of Sir
Rice Manscell Knighte w***in the castell baylif of Cardif & then
& there dyd take from the Cathedrall Chirche foreseyd upon
pretence to make sales therof to thuse of the seyd late King
Edward the Sixt these p'cells foloyng that is to sey on cope of
clothe of gold wrought up'n grene
It'm ij copes of redde damaske w*** flowres and
branches of gold p^ce .... xxs.
It'm on cope of bliwe velet p^ce . . . X5.
It'm ij copes of redde silke embrodryd w*^ golde
a cope of redde velet .... iijs. iiijd,
It'm one cope of redde silke brodryd w*** redde
velet p*ce . . . . .vs.
Wm a cope of bliwe silke borderid abowte w*^
clothe of golde p^ce .... yjs, viijcJ.
It'm ij chesibles on of tessiwe thother of velet •
upon velet imbrodrid w'** golde . . vij«.
In p^'mis on sencer of silver p'cell gilte w*^ foure
or five cheynes weying unces . . , xxxli.
It'm a shippe of silver p'cell gilte for frankynsence
of whate weighte they can not telle
It'm a paxe of silver doble gilte weyng unces . vijlL
It'm a sanct® bell of silver doble gilte weyng
imces ...... vli.
the wc*** is co'tynually & kepte from the seyd Cathedrall
Chirche & no parte therof as yette to the same chirche by any
man' of menes restoryd Farder the p'senters foreseyd dothe
p'sente upon their seyd othes that on Broxelm Chancellor to
Byshope Robart ther byshope of Landaf & after wardes arche-
byshope of Yorke toke owte of the seyd Cathedrall Chirche of
Landaf on shrine of silver doble gilt and that Mr. Harry Mor-
gan clerke late canon resident of the sed chirche dyd take from
the seyd chirche in the sayde byshope Robarts time thre heddes
of silver w*** their mitera of silver wherof on of the heddes was
doble gilte and the armes of silver wherof on was doble gilte &
the same dothe yette deteyne frome the seyde chirche Farder-
more they sayen upon their seyd othes that all these p'cells of
plate juells copes vestm*" goods & ornaments werein the seyd
Cathedrall Chirche of Landaf at suche time John Smithe doctor
of the lawe now archedeacon there & late treasorer there at
suche time as he was firste stallyd treasorer of the same & that
ih
234 LLANDAFF CATHEDRAL :
p'ntly remaynithe in the seyd chirche no p'te nor p'cell tlierof
but by whome it is imbesillyd or taken awey these p'senters
cannot sey I In p'mis xiij imkges of silver doble gilte | It'm on
crosse of golde of xij ynches long | IVm eighte chaleces & on of
them leyde abowte the fote w*^ precius stones & whether the
chalece were pure golde or not they cowlde not telle | It'm on
other chalece doble gilte of silver that Mr. John ap Ieu*n gave
w*** XC8. in mone ( It'm ij basens of silver | It'm iiij criwets of
silver | It'm a grete crosse of silver doble gilte w*** xij bells of
silver doble gilte | It'm a lesser crosse of silver gilte | It'm a
crosse of silver ungilte | It'm ij pixes of silver | It'm a grate
pece of silver w**^ a cover gilte | It'm a grete ryng of golde with
a stone callyd the byshopes pontificall | It'm ij sensers of silver
on doble gilte | It'm a masar gilte | It'm an image of o' Ladye
of brasse doble gilte | It'm a shippe of silver | It'm ij paxes of
silver gilte | It'm Saynt Teloes boke^ wherin is the hole know-
lege of the Chirche w*^ an image of brasse on the on' syde therof
doble giltyd | It'm ij miters of silver thon leyde aboute w*** gold
& qtones | It'm girdles & bedes of silver gilte they knowe not
howe many | It'm Seynt Teyloes shoes silver beyd with stones
It'm on' cope of clothe of golde w*^ a hole siwte to the same
It'm a cope of clothe of tissue | It'm a cope of purple velet w
a hole sute to the same | It'm ij copes of blacke velet w*^ the
hole siwtes to the same | It'm iij copes of white silke w**^ thole
siwtes beyng lynyd w*^ sarcenet | It'm ij copes of Ray silke |
It'm ij chesibles of grene velet | It'm ij fronts on' redde &
thother white leyde abowte w*** a border of golde | It'm a pan'e-
a grete crocke a cawdron of brasse a lampe of brasse olde potts
of brasse foure grette farres of iron a grote of iron that was
aboute the shrine Ix yardes of canvas that lay abowts the highe
altare | It'm the iron of thre tonnes the thre iron barres wherof
on' made faste the gret dore vij barres of iron that was abowte
the highe aultare | It'm ij grete standers of brasse standing
before the highe altare | More they do p'sente that S'' John
Griffithe Gierke nowe treasorer of the seyd Gathedrall Chirche
oghte to fynd & mentej^ in the said chirche these things folow-
ing & the same hathe clene w^Mrawen & kepithe from the same
chirche that is to say a lampe bumi'g before the sacrament
alweys at service time & ij tapers upon the high altare & ij
standerts ev'y inferi' duplex and foure tapers ev'y principall &
^ This is the famous Liber Landavensu^ now in the possession of
Mr. P. Bryan Davies-Cooke at Owston, Yorkshire. A full aooount of
the MS. and its later fortunes, by the Bev. A. W. Haddan, is given
in 8rd Series, vol. xiv, p. 311.
CHURCH GOODS. 235
magis duplex and ropes for sixe bells and that there lackithe of
thaccustomyd ministers in the quere sixe ministers and theire
wages nowe co'vertyd in to sup'fluus fr'es given to newe devised
officers as a stiward & thre auditors w^^^ never before recevyd
any suche fees owte of the seyd chirche And more they sayen
that wheras heretofore was accustomyd to be hadde in the seyd
chirche thre masses that is to sey morowe masse our Lady
masse So highe and ev'y Sonday & festivall day five or sixe
masses and that there is now scante on' masse a day and that
there lackithe in the seyd chirche missalls antiphoner boks
processionalls bokes to redde the legens & a grayle so that God
can not be there servyd for lacke of bokes and that there lack-
ithe on' to kepe the organs | and that there is in the said Cathe-
drall Chirche but ij prists to serve the parishes & that whiles is
there never a on' to execute in the quere moreover the seyd
p'senters sayen upon their othes that the canons hathe lette
owte the moste parte of the fermes of the seyd chirche to their
frinds & hath demynished the rents of the seyd chirche & that
there was no ministers that recevyd wages in the seyd chirche
all the time of thenglishe service butt fowre & the sexten and
there is yette in the seyd chirche three altares unmade and that
there be two of the bells broken & decayde and that the vicars
choralls can not be payde of their wages quarterly as they were
wont to be and that there is no stranger that will or can there
abyde because they are so ill payde | and that thaforeseyd Mr.
Broxolm toke awey a bell & chalece from the chapell of Eley
belonging to the seyd Cathedrall Chirche.
" George Mathew Robert Stradling
Morgan Mathew Eoger Willi*ms.'^
236
TO THE EDITOB OF THE ABCHAOLOOU CAMBBENBI8.
NEATH ABBEY.
*
Sir, — I venture to offer a few saggestions for the elncidation of
the donbtfnl words which occar in the charters referred to ante, p.
96. As the charters cannot be referred to, we must be content
with the words as printed, making dne allowance for the yicions
orthography in the middle age MSS., arising from words being
disfigured by ^he change, addition, or omission of one or more
letters, the abbreviations, and the mistakes which arose from the
ignorance or inadvertence of the scribe or transcriber. Thus in
the word " Stevenfre" the letter " v*' would be written " u", and
might be read by a transcriber of a word which he did not under-
stand as " n". Turning to Spelman's Glossary, I find " steura",
signifying a tribute or exaction, a word which might have been
well used as regards a mill in connection with "fre"; another
reading may be ^'stenenfre" {stenen, A.S., a stone), or free of
charge for grinding.
" Stemnifreoch" is probably the same word as " stevenfre'*.
" Colfreoch" can only be read as " tolfreoch", toUfree, for it is a
recognised fact that in the MSS. of the thirteenth and fourteenth
centuries the letters " c" and "t" are generally confounded.
I remain, yours, "EL W. B.
LAND-MEASUEES IN WALES AND ON THE
BORDERS.
Sir, — I am engaged in an investigation into the ancient land-
measures of Wales, and am very anxious to obtain evidence as to
the various acres, differing in area from the imperial acre, which
were formerly in use in the Principality and its borders. In many
parts of Wales traditional or customary acres of this kind (as well
as other distinctive land-measures) are still either used or remem-
bered, and it is of these that I desire to get trustworthy and exact
information. The land-measures described in the ancient Welsh
laws are already known to me, as well as the definitions given in
the dictionaries of such names as "erw", "cyfar", "acre", "ystanc",
" paladr", and the like. What I want is precise information as to
the area of the various customary acres and other land'tneaewres
still actually used, or known to have been formerly used, in Wales
and the border counties of England, the names by whicti they are
MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES. 237
known, and the places in which they are employed. Particular
already obtained have yielded on comparison a great deal of un-
expected information, of which I cannot in this letter give an
accoant. Other cnrions historical results seem likely to emerge.
I have hitherto been able to get no returns from Pembrokeshire,
Carmarthenshire, Cardiganshire, Monmouthshire, G-loucestershire,
or the Vale ot Clwyd, and fuller information is wanted from other
districts. Any member of the Society who will help me by forward-
ing to the undergiven address such information as I am now
seeking will lay me under a great obligation.
Alfbbd Neobabd Palmer.
Chester Street, Wrexham.
f&imllmtous Boticta.
The Death of Prince Llewelyn.^ — To Maud Lnngespeye. Dec.
1282 :—
*' Frere Ian, par la suffraunce Deu erceveske de Canterbire, pri-
mat de tut Engleterre, a dame de graunt valur Mahaud Lungespeye,
saluz e la beneycun Jesu Christ. Ma dame, votre preyere sa acorde
bin a piete e reysun. Mes sachez ke Lewelyn, qui esteyt prince de
Gales, ne poet estre asouz se il ne mustra signe de repentaunce en
sa mort de sey amender e lesser sea folies. Dant si ceo est certeyne
chose, qe il fust repentant en sa mort, e aparayllez taunt cume en
luy esteyt de fere la asey a Seynt Eglyse, et see seyt prove devaunt
nus, nus ly frums ce ke dreyt serra enter ce, kar autrement saunz
tort fere ne puet estre asouz. Dunt nus luums ke vus e ses autres
amys travayllez enter co, ke aucuns de ceus ke furent a sa mort
veygnent par tens devaunt nus a mustrer les signes avaunt diz, kar
en autre maniere ni purrums riens fere."
Translation, — Friar John, by the permission of God, Archbishop
of Canterbury, Primate of all England, to the lady of great worth,
Maud Langespeye, greeting, and the blessing of Jesus Christ. My
Lady, your prayer agrees with pity and reason. But know that
Llewellyn, who was Prince of Wales, cannot be absolved unless he
showed signs of repentance at his death, to amend and leave his
follies. Therefore, if this is certain, that he was repentant at his
death, and ready, as far as was in his power, to make amends to
Holy Church, and this is proved before us, we will do what is right
about it; for otherwise, without doing wrong, he cannot be ab-
solved. Therefore we approve that you and his other friends should
labour about this, that some of those who were at his death should
^ Extracts from Archbishop Peokham's letters. Edited by C. T. Martin,
Esq., B.A., F.S.A., in the Becord publications.
238 MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES.
oome in time before us, and show the signs aforesaid ; for in any
other manner we can do nothing.
To Edward L 17 Dec. 1282 :—
" Domino Begi, — ^A tre chir seynor Edward Den grace rey d En-
gleterre, seynnr d Irlande, dnc d Aqnitaigne, frere Ian par la snff-
rannce Den erceveske de Canterbire primat de tat Engleterre,
saluz en grannt reverence. Sire, sachez ke cens ke farent a la mort
Aewelin traverent an pins prive la de snn cors menne choses ke
nns avoms veaes ; entre les autres choses ili ont nne lettre de gnisee
par fans nans de trajsnn. E par co ke vas seyez garni, nns enyeyam
le transerit de la lettre a le eveske de Ba, e la lettre meymes tient
Eadmand de Mortemer e le prive seel Lewelin e ces choses vas por-
rez aver a votre pleysir, e co vns manndnm par vns gamir, e nan
pas par ce ke nnl en seyt greve, 'e vns priams ke nnl ne sente mort
ne mahayn par nostre manndement e ke see ke nns vas maondams
seyt secr& Ovekes co, sire, sachez ke dame Mahaad Langespeye
nns pria par lettres ke nns voissams asoadre Lewelin, ke il peast
estre enseveli en la dedie, e nns li maandames ke nns ne frams
riens si len ne poet prover ke il mastra sygne de verraye repent-
ance avannt sa mort. E si me dist Edmand de Mortemer ke il
aveyt entendu par ses valles ke farent a la mort, ke il avet de-
maande le prestre devaant sa mort, mes sannz dreyte certeynete
nns nenframs riens. Oveke co sachez ke le jar meynes ke il fa
ocis, nn mnygne blaanc li chaanta messe, e mi sire Roger de Mor-
temer ad le vestemens. Oveke co, Sire, nns vas reqaerrams ke
piete vas prenge de clers, ke vas ne snffrez pas ke len les ocie ne ke
len lar ffice man de cors. E sachez, Sire, Diens vas defende de
mal, si vns ne le destnrbez a vostre poer, vas cheez en sentence, kar
snffrir co ke len peat destarber vaat consentement. E par co. Sire,
vas priams ke il vas pleyse ke li clerc qai sant en Snaadone sen
pnissent issir e qnerelar mienz oye lear biens en Fraance on ayl-
lars, kar par co ke nns creams ke Snaadone serra vostre, se il avi*
ent ke en canqnerannt on apres, len face mal as clers, Dieas le ret-
tera a vns, e vostre bon renan en serra blesmi e nns ensermms
tenns par lasches. E de ces choses, Sire, se il vns plest, maandet
nns vostre pleysir, kar nns imettram le canseyl ke nns parrams on
par aJer la on par antre voye. E sachez. Sire, ke si vus ne fetes
nostre priere, vns nns mettrez en tristar, dnnt nns nistrnm ja en
ceste vie mortale. Sire, Diens gard vus e kaant a vns apent. Ceste
lettre fa escrite a Penbragge, le leodi apres la Seynte Lncie."
Translation, — To my Lord the King. To his very dear Lord
Edward, by the grace of God King of England, Lord of Ireland,
Dnke of Aqaitaine, Friar John, by the permission of God, Arch-
bishop of Canterbnry, Primate of all England, greeting in great
reverence. Sire, Know that those who were at the death of
Llewellyn fonnd, in the most secret part of his body, some small
things which we have seen. Among the other things, there was a
treasonable letter, disgnised by false names. And that yon may be
MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES. 239
warned, we send a copy- of the letter to the Bishop of Bath, and
the letter itself Edmund de Mortemer has, with Llewellyn's privy
seal, and these things yon may have at yonr pleasure. And this
we send to warn you, and not that any one should be troubled for
it. And we pray you that no one may suffer death or mutilation in
consequence of our information, ana that what we send you may
be secret. Besides this, sire, know that Lady Maud Langespye
prayed us by letter to absolve Llewellyn, that he might be buried in
consecrated ground, and we sent word to her that we would do
nothing if it could not be proved that he showed signs of true
repentance before his death. And Edmund de Mortemer said to
me that he had beard from his servants, who were at the death,
that he asked for the priest before his death ; but without sure
certainty we will do nothing. Besides this, sire, know that the
very day that he was killed a white monk saog mass to him, and my
Lord Roger de Mortemer has the vestments. Besides this, sire, we
request you to take pity on clerks, that you will suffer no one to kill
them, nor do them bodily injury. And know, sire, 0t)d protect you
from evil, if you do not prevent it to your power, you fall into the
sentence, for to suffer what one can prevent is the same as consent.
And therefore, sire, we pray you that it may please you that the
clerks who are in Snowdon may go thence and seek^ better things
with their property in France or elsewhere. For because we be-
lieve that Snowdon will be yonrs, if it happen that in conquering or
afterwards harm is done to clerks, God will accuse you of it, and your
good renown will be blemished, and we shall be considered a coward.
And of these things, sire, if it please you, send us your pleasure, for we
will give thereto what counsel we can, either by going thither or some
other way. And know, sire, if you do not fulfil our prayer, you will
put us in sadness, which we shall never leave in this mortid life. Sire,
God keep you, and all that belongs to you.
This letter was written at Pembridge, Thursday after St. Lucy's
day.
Chained Books in Wales. — We shall be glad of information
upon this subject, as it bears upon the period when books were
rare and costly, and the readers few and far between. They form
a connecting link between the MS. and the printing-press. We
only know of three such books, but there may be many others.
1. Kerry Church, in Montgomeryshire, has a copy of the Welsh
Bible, 2. Hanmer Church, Flintshire, a copy of JewelVa Apology^
printed by John Norton, London, 1611, and of Fox's Booh of
Martyrs, in 8 vols., printed at London, 1632. 3. Llanfvllin
Church, Montgomeryshire, a copy of the folio edition of the Whole
Duty of Man, 1687. On the fiy-leaf is the following inscription :
" This piouse and worthy piece was bestowed by Arthur Weaver,*
^ Qttereler, to dispute, but is perhaps an error for querer.
^ Mr. Arthur Weaver, of Morvil, was connected with this county through
the Blayneys of Gregynog. Mr. John Blayney, a zealous loyalist, borrowed
240 MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES.
the elder, of Morvel, in the conntj of Salop, Esq., upon the churcli
wardens, of the gift of Llanyilling, in the coanty of Montgomery,
and their successors, to be by them placed npon a desk or some
convenient place in the church, that such as will may read it ; and
if any neighbouring minister or any person of quality shall desire
the loane of it, the churchwardens, with the consent of the minister,
may lend it for the space of six months, taking a Bond of Five
Founds from him, with one sufficient security, that it shall be
restored safe and unblemished within the sayed six months ; or, if
it be blemished, the like new book instead of it, or the penalty of
the Bond to be received, and another similar Book to be bought in
lieu thereof." And on the other side is given the form of bond to
be entered into by the borrower.
;£100 of Mr. Weaver ; and the great-grandson of the former subsequently
married the granddaughter of the latter, and her great-niece married
Henry, eighth Viscount Tracy, and their daughter married Charles Han-
bury, first Lord Sudeley.
(Jamlrrian ^t[cbH^0l00ipI ^»80i[iatiati.
STRATA FLORIDA ABBEY,
the Denbigh meeting of the Society a paper was
read by Mr. Stephen W. Williams, F.R.I.B.A.,
illustrated by a ground plan and detailed drawings,
as the result of his recent excavations on the site
of the Cistercian Abbey of Strata Florida, and it was deter-
mined, if a sufficient fund be subscribed, to continue the exca-
vation, clear away the accumulated soil and rubble from the
site, and store on the spot the mouldings and other details of
the church now hidden from sight, with a view to elucidate the
style and period of the building, and preserve its remains
under the care of a local committee for the inspection of future
visitors.
The only portions of the Abbey Church now visible are part
of the west wall, in which are the well-known Norman door-
way, designed with much Celtic feeling, and a transitional
window, and a portion of a wall in the north transept ; but in
many places the walls are still standing to a height from 6 to
ID feet above the floor level, although buried beneath the
present surface.
In order to show the importance of the proposed work in
an historical as well as in an architectural point of view, it
I -"-""^ ,.
may suffice to mention that Rhys ap Tewdwr, Prince of South
Wales, wa§ the founder of the Abbey in the latter part of the
nth century, and that the church was completed, if not entirely
built, by Rhys ap Griffith, Prince of South Wales, who subse-
quently, in 1 1 84, endowed it by his charter with large
possessions. Several of the Welsh princes and nobles were
buried in its Chapter house. During the war in Wales in 1295
the monastery was partially destroyed by fire by King
Edward^s forces, and a few years after restored with the
King's license. The Cambrian Annals and Brut y Tywysogion
unfortunately end about this period ; thereafter, down to the
time of its dissolution, we have no account of the Abbey.
Leland, in his Itinerary^ describes the church as large cross
aisled, and side aisled ; he adds that by it was a large cloister,
and that the Fratry and Infirmary were mere ruins. Buck's
view of the ruined church in 1741 exhibits the west wall in its
present state, fragments of finely proportioned arches supporting
the ruins of the central tower, and a wall of the south transept
with window openings in it.
Mr. Williams's excavations show that the church consisted
of a nave with side aisles, a central tower, transepts with
chapels on the east, and a presbytery, nearly equal in dimensions
to those of St. David's, and little inferior in an architectural
point of view. The stone dressings found are as true as when
they left the hands of the mason ; so there is every reason to
expect that the ruined arches and carved stonework now
buried will, when brought to light, disclose the architectural
history of a church which must have ranked as one of the
first in the Principality.
Forty years have now elapsed since the Founders of this
Society first made excavations on the spot, and expressed a hope
that means would be forthcoming to carry out the work which
the Society now proposes. Mr. Williams, with much zeal and
liberality, has offered to gratuitously superintend the excavations
under the direction of the Committee of the Association. It is
therefore hoped that the proposed undertaking will receive the
aid both of the Members of the Society and of those who take
an interest in the history of the Principality.
Subscriptions will be received by R. W. Banks, Esq.,
Ridgebourne, Kington, Herefordshire, the Treasurer of the
Society.
The present Subscribers are as follows .-^
The Marquess of Bute ...
The Bishop of St. David's
The Dean of St. David^s
The Earl of Powis
The Countess of Lisbume
Lord Tredegar
R. H. Wood, Esq.
R. W. Banks, Esq.
F. L. Lloyd Philips, Esq.
G. T. Clark, Esq., F.S.A.
J. Gibson, Esq. ...
Dr. Roberts
Colonel Picton TurberviU
John Percy Severn, Esq.
W. Richardes, Esq.
Archdeacon Thomas
J. Lloyd Griffith, Esq.
C. Waldron, Esq.
Sylvanus Lewis, Esq.
Archdeacon de Winton
Edward Laws, Esq.
D. L. T. Thome, Esq.
•••
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OAKR DBEWTN> NEAR CORWEN.
JtKhaffflffjgia €nmktmis.
FIITH SERIES.— VOL. IV, NO. XVI.
OCTOBER 1887.
COMPOUND WALLS IN NORTH WALES:
CAER DREWYN, PEN Y GAER, CRAIG Y DDINAS,
AND TRE 'R CEIRI.
CAER DREWYN.
It will be remembered by members of our Association
that during their stay at Bala, in the autumn of 1884,
circumstances prevented their visiting the ruins of
Caer Drewyn as at first proposed. In the summer fol-
lowing, under a feeling of regret that this curious old
Caer (one of the oldest we possess) should remain in
seeming neglect, I obtained the kind permission of the
Hon. C. H. Wynne of RhAg, the ovmer of the property,
to make a few tentative clearances along its wall, with
the object of ascertaining whether in structure it is
compound or otherwise. The small and imperfect
results of this very limited inquiry are here placed
before the reader.
Caer Drewyn is easy of access from Corwen, the
ascent to the ruin being short and pleasant, overlook-
ing the Dee where it winds brightly between pictur-
esque hills, and after gliding past tree and green
meadow at the foot of the Drewyn hill, takes its down-
ward course to Llangollen beneath overhanging woods
and rocks.
The gray wall of the fortress, when first seen,
5th scR.^yoL. IV. 16
242 COMPOUND WALLS IN NORTH WALES :
appears to be nothing better than a mound of stones
thrown together without order or method, its long cir-
cuit around the space enclosed alone indicating its real
character. When this unpromising heap is more closely
examined, and its loose surface-rubble has been care-
fully removed, we find underneath the remains of a
rampart from 15 to 20 ft. across, and well faced on
both sides. In many respects Caer Drewyn may be
classed with Carn G6ch, Caermarthenshire. Like the
latter stronghold, it rests on the summit of a broad-
surfaced hill, selected apparently with the special object
of enclosing a large area. The spaces walled-in are in
each instance remarkable for the absence of hut-ruins,
excepting in a few places near to their ramparts. At
their eastern and western ends are wide gateways, and
the upper faces of their respective walls are similarly
pitted here and there with circular and oblong hollows,
representing, it is supposed, the remains of apartments
of some kind.
Its fern-grown interior was measured by step only,
and the dimensions thus obtained are not to be re-
garded as accurate. According to this mode of com-
puting, it is 248 paces long from its western to its
north-eastern gateway, and 195 paces across in its
widest part from north to south. It thus appears to
measure in width as much as Carn G6ch ; but that
great work surpasses it in length by 418 yards, its ex-
tent, as given in the ArchcBologia Camhrensis, 3rd
Series, vol. vi, p. 102, being 666 yards.
The western rampart of Caer Drewyn is much re-
duced, and has evidently served the neighbourhood as
a convenient quarry whence stones for the construction
of farm-buildings and mountain-enclosures were easily
obtained. The lower gateway in this western wall is
distinctly formed, and shows the stony remains of its
return-defences curving to meet each other as they
recede inwards, with the object, no doubt, of narrowing
the passage, and of commanding, the approach in front.
These returns leave a space of 19 ft. from point to
CAER DREWYN. 243
point. For the purpose of further straitening the gate-
way, we find within the narrowest part of it, to the
right, the foundation-stones of two squarish huts,
measuring respectively 12 ft. by 8^ ft., and 11 ft, by
8 ft. ; and on the opposite side, to the left, the remains
of two circular ones, which together nearly blocked up
the passage, leaving for admission a width of not more
than 4 or 5 ft. These lodges, I think, did not form a
{)art of the original design. On the inner side of the
eft return are the ruins of another circular hut, conve-
niently situated for those who had to watch the gate-
way.
The other entrance is at the upper end of the enclo-
sure, and passes through its eastern vallum just where
it meets the northern, and with it forms an angle.
This was one of importance, as appears by the massive
ruins on each side, and the care taken in the arrange-
ment of flanking walls and lodges within it. In front
the ground slopes gradually away to a neck of land
connecting the fortified part of the hiU with a higher
ascent towards the east. This connecting ground
between the two hills serves as a natural causeway
leading up to the camp, which all had to traverse when
entering from the north or east.
South of this gateway, and extending along the
eastern wall, on the outside, there is a smaller enclo-
sure, as shown in the plan, containing a few hut-remains
snugly situated, where possibly a chieftain may have
resided ; one of the dwellings, with an interior diame-
ter of 23 ft., being considerably larger and better placed
than the others. This outwork is 1 6 yards south of
the gateway, for the defence of which, in a flanking
position, it is conveniently situated, but does not appear
to have been made with this object. It might rather
have been selected on account of its sheltered position
under the great rampart of the Caer. It is 72 paces
long by a mid-width of 22 paces.
East of it there is a broad trench, 12 ft. deep, which,
commencing at the outer front of the large enclosure,
16 «
244 COMPOUND WALLS IN NORTH WALES :
and running outside of the smaller one, is continued
58 paces further on to the neck of land mentioned
above, where it abruptly terminates. This trench, seem-
ingly an after-thought, adds materially to the security
of the entrance by protecting its front, and by narrow-
ing the pathway leading up to it. Pennant says of
the trench, " it seems part of an unfinished addition to
the whole"; a remark, the accuracy of which is fully
established by a small clearance at the southern end of
the lesser fortification, and still open, where it is shown
that the contents of the trench have been thrown up
to a preconstructed rampart. The principal vallum of
the Caer, like others of its class, shows no traces of an
outer collateral trench.
In a central part of this north-eastern gateway we
had the upper loose stones removed on each side, with
the object of bringing to view its masonry, and of ascer-
taining its width. At this point it measured, from
wall to wall, 18 ft., a width which became gradually
reduced to 10 and 11 ft. as we advanced inwards. On
the northern side of this entrance, the thickness of
stonework, from its outer to its inner face, is 25 ft.,
which seems to have been pitted or chambered ; and
the height of the whole mass of wall, with its displaced
stones, is 12 ft. on the outside. A tape passed from
the outer limit of the passage to its inner extremity of
flanking walls and huts gave an extent of 90 ft.
We next commenced a search on the northern and
outer side of this gateway, and cleared its facing in
two places. The first bit uncovered brought to view
good uncemented work with well placed stones, the
interior of the wall being filled with dry rubble. A
short distance further, towards the west, 18 ft. of the
same wall was cleared to the depth of 4 ft.; and here
we noticed a similar style of construction, but met with
no indications of terracing.
Discontinuing our search on its outer front, we tried
its interior, commencing immediately below the point
where the flanking works of the gateway terminate.
CAER DREWYN. 245
Here about 60 ft. of the rampart's length was cleared,
and it soon became evident that this part of the forti-
fication is compound, consisting of two or more lines
of masonry contiguously built. The present height of
the terrace next to the enclosure is 3 ft. Measured
across its top, its thickness varies from 4 to 5 ft., the
lines being very irregular. The second wall, as seen
at the back of the first, ascends 2 ft. higher ; and its
upper face has much the appearance of having sup-
ported another step or terrace, 4 or 4 J feet wide. This
appears from the fact that at a distance of about 4^ ft.
from the edge of the second step there is a continuous
line of stones closely and methodically arranged along
its upper face, and perceptibly higher than the rest of
the building, whilst beyond and parallel with it, at a
distance, in some places of 3 feet, and in others of 4 ft.,
there is another prominent arrangement of stones.
These courses combined seem to mark in outline a third
step based on the broad surface of the main structure,
their continuation downward as the faces of a distinct
wall being doubtful. On the further side of this sup-
posed third step there is the usual width of 5 ft.^ or
more for the continuation upwards of the outer part of
the wall to form a parapet.
The height and thickness of this northern rampart
near to the gate, and its continuation in similar strength
along the eastern front of the camp, imply that this
was the weakest point of the position, and that it was
from the north-east its defences were most easily ap-
proached and assailed. On its other three sides an
attacking force would have had to breast a steep ascent
under the missiles of the defenders.
We then moved to the opposite side of the area, and
eflfected a small clearance at the south-eastern curve of
the rampart, where it bends round towards the south-
west. Here we were fortunate in meeting with an
excellent specimen of a double wall, each face being
fairly built, and perfectly distinct. A length of several
1 The parapefc at Tre 'r Ceiri is 5 ft. thick.
246 COMPOUND WALLS IN NORTH WALES:
yards of the lowest step was uncovered, and its present
height was ascertained to be 3 ft., with a width at top
of 5 ft. Beyond and above this first terrace, the main
wall attains the height of 3 additional feet, from the
upper edge of which, across the ruin to its exterior
limit, is a width of 1 5 ft. It hence appears that the
thickness of the combined walls at this point is 20 ft.
or thereabout, The upper face of this 15 ft. of stone-
work may have been topped by a third terrace with an
outer parapet.
The purpose for which these several lines of masonry
were constructed, and to what height they were raised,
has not been ascertained. If intended as buttresses,
which seems probable, they certainly would have added
materially to the stability of walls of loose rubble kept
in position simply by rude facings put together without
cement. In this instance the addition is found on the
inner side of the vallum, and not on the one nearest to
the declivity; to account for which we may suppose
that in giving the outer face of the rampart a suitable
batter, the builders were neglectful of the interior, and
allowed it to overhang.
If designed as means of ascent to the parapet, their
width of 5 ft. seems to imply a further object ; such,
for instance, as standing space for a supporting party
ready to step into the places of their disabled comrades
in front, or to relieve them when required.
Mr. W. F. Wakeman,* in his paper on the antiquities
of Inis Murray, Ireland, describes its Cashel wall as
having on its interior face stepped inclines leading up-
wards from the ground, which he says ** led to the
summit of the wall, where there was, no doubt, anciently
a parapet or breastwork of some kind." He further
adds that '* this arrangement forms a striking feature
in the grand military fortresses of Aran, as in Dun
Aengus and Dun Connor, in Staig Fort, Kerry; in
Caher Gall, Galway ; and elsewhere/'
* Journal of tJie Royal Hist, and Arch, Assoc, of Ireland, vol. vii,
4fch Series, p. 200.
CAER DREWYN. 247
The inner terrace of Caer Drewyn is in position the
same as the stepped wall at Inis Murray ; but the lat-
ter seems to differ in not being continuous. It is broken
at even distances into triangularly-formed blocks of ma-
sonry describing in outline a sort of zigzag on the
inner face of the rampart. Up the inclines on each
side of these triangular bits of stonework the steps
ascend in a direction parallel with the main defence.
Some means of ascent there must have been at Caer
Drewyn ; but in its present low and ruined condition
it is difficult to imagine it was ever furnished with
flights of steps similar to those at Inis Murray. We
cannot foresee, however, what a careful clearance might
bring to view.
Along the top of the Caer Drewyn wall, where
least disturbed, are, as already mentioned, a number of
circular pits and hollows at irregular distances, some-
what broken in outline and thrown out of shape by
the falling in of masonry. These have been regarded
as the ruins of chambers, such as are now partly seen
and partly lost to view in the dilapidated and greatly
mutilated wall of Cam Pentyrch, Carnarvonshire. Pen-
nant, in his Notice of Caer Dreivyn, thus writes of it :
** in the thickness of the wall are evident remains of
apartments." On its interior side, and especially along
the line of its northern rampart, are remains of what
certainly appear to have been small chambers, some-
times projecting from its face, and at others inserted
deeply in its masonry. They are found similarly
situated in several of our hill-forts, and are met with
along the Carn G6ch vallum of nearly a mile in extent.
Besides the advantage of shelter thus obtained, their
occupants would have been conveniently distributed
along the defences to man them when required and to
act as sentinels.
These cells at Caer Drewyn appear to have been of two
kinds. Besides its larger chamber-like hollows, into
which men might have crept for temporary shelter, there
are smaller ones designed for some purpose unknown.
248 COMPOUND WALLS IN NORTH WALES:
About midway up the ascent from the western to the
north-eastern gateway are remains of four of these
smaller pits in line, not occupying a central position in
the rampart, but situated rather nearer to its outer or
northern face. The one nearest to the west, and first
noticed, retained a good part of its interior stonework.
The second was more perfect, and presented a complete
circle of inner facing to a depth of 2 feet, its further
descent being concealed by fallen rubble. The diameter
of this was from 3 to 3^ feet. The third, although
similar to the preceding in size and construction, was
considerably more dilapidated ; and the fourth was so
nearly effaced by rubble within and on its surface that
if not seen in connection with others it might have
been passed unobserved. The mode of entering these
pits, and their original use, will probably remain un-
known until clearances have been made to their found-
ations.^
Mr. Wakeman, in his paper noticed above, states
that the main wall of the Inis Murray Cashel, varying
in thickness from 7 to 15 feet, contains several chambers,
for what purpose intended he was unable to say. He
gives the measurements of a few. '*One was 7 ft. 6 in.
in length, by 5 ft. in breadth, and 4 in height. Near
to it is a second chamber, about 5 ft. square, and 4 in
height, lighted by windows looking outward. This
aperture is but 18 in. in height, by 2 ft. in breadth."
Another small room in the thickness of the wall is
noticed, "used at present as a receptacle of such of
the natives as die on the island. A fourth chamber of
the same kind, oval in form, and entered by a small
square-headed doorway, occurs immediately above."
These examples of mural apartments are introduced
here merely to show the general smallness of their
size, and to note the fact that they are met with in
the Irish cashel as well as in the Welsh caer.
^ Owing fco their small size, and the shattered state of the ruin,
they are not found without a degree of search.
CAER DREWYN. 249
There is one striking difference between the interior
arrangements of the Caer Drewyn and Cam G6ch
class of retreats and those of the Tre V Ceiri and
Braich y Ddinas type. In the latter the areas en-
closed are occupied principally by habitations, whilst
in the former there is a large space where huts do not
appear. The larger interiors of these were doubtless
intended for the reception of the outlying population,
with their herds and flocks, in times of threatened
invasion. Here, as Pennant observed, "they placed
their women, their children, and cattle, under strong
garrison ; or perhaps a whole clan or nation might
withdraw into them till the retreat of the enemy, who
could never subsist long in a country where all the
provisions were in this manner secured.'' Broad-
crested hills were probably fortified with this very
object, the live stock of the natives being to them the
most valuable of their possessions. The interiors of
Braich y Ddinas and Tre 'r Ceiri had not space for such
purposes, but outside of their walls there probably
were protected pinfolds for their confinement and
security. At the back of Braich y Ddinas — ^its north-
em gateway leading down to it — there is a flattish
extent of heathy ground, dotted with a few hut-
remains, which in extreme cases might have been so
used. It was beyond the reach of an invader until
the hill-top was gained and the town captured. Under
the walls of Tre 'r Ceiri there was ample space for
protected enclosures.
In his description of Caer Drewyn, Pennant pro-
ceeds to say : " This post is but one of the chain
which begins at Diserth and is continued along the
Clwydian hills into the mountain of Yale ; one on
Moel y Gaer, and another on Moel Forfydd ; and
Bryu Eglwys Church seems to have been placed in the
area of a third." He appears here to have disregarded
the difference in style of the Clwydian trenches as
compared with the stone-built rampart of Caer Drewyn,
a difference which probably tissigns them to different
250 COMPOUND WALLS IN NORTH WALES :
periods and to different races. It is, however, true that
in the earliest days of Caer Drewyn there may have
been on the Moel Famma range, as in other parts of
Wales, fortified retreats surrounded by walls from 4
to 6 or 8 feet thick, and Moel y Gaer is especially
likely to have been so occupied. Within its present
trenches are a few faint traces of early hut-circles,
which, if ever defended by an outer wall, it has
probably disappeared under the agger. I have been
led to think so by the fact that Mr. W. Wynne
Ffoulkes, in his Castra Clwydiana^ mentions some-
thing of the kind. At Moel y Gaer he found by
excavation, "in the centre of its innermost agger, a
quantity of stones roughly laid together, forming a
sort of wall which is carried down to the foundation/'
His description is illustrated by a drawing of the
stone-work.
I failed to discover at Drewyn any of those remark-
able sally-ports or posterns which occur so frequently
in the Carn G6ch rampart, and enhance its interest.
In the description of the latter in the Archceologia
Cambrensis no mention is made of the size of these
passages. I venture, therefore, to introduce here the
dimensions of one in its southern wall, as nearly as its
extent could be ascertained. Unfortunately it so
happens "that many large flat stones forming the
coverings or the sides of passages leading through its
walls are known to have been removed by the neigh-
bourmg farmers ; and indeed the whole line of wall
has served to construct houses and walls all over the
adjacent district."^
Four of these posterns were noticed, with traces of
others. On the eastern side of the one selected for
measurement there are three stones in line across the
rampart. The innermost and the largest measures 6
feet by 6 feet, and stands on edge, its smaller measure
of 5 feet representing the height of the postern. The
^ ArchcBoloffia Cambrensis, New Series, vol. i, p. 177.
^ Archceologia Cambrensis^ Third Series, vol. vi, p. 99.
CAER DREWYN. 251
second or middle stone is irregular in form, but attains
the height of 5 feet. The size of the third is 5 feet by
4 feet. Parallel with these, on the opposite side, are
three stones on edge, or in a standing position, and in
line. These are all that remain of the side sup-
Eorters of the passage, the others, with their covers,
aving been taken away. The commencement of its
southern entrance is somewhat obscured by masses of
fallen debrisy but its limit is probably marked by the
outermost of the remaining slabs, which would make
this postern's length to be from 15 to 16 feet, its
width 3 feet, and, judging by the height of the side
stones, it measured from floor to roof about 5 feet.
It has one peculiarity which remains to be noticed.
At its interior end, and occupying a central position
within the passage, stands a massive unhewn stone
pillar, about 5 feet above the present level of the
ground, from 12 to 13 inches square, and 13 inches
apart from the nearest jamb. The object of its posi-
tion is not exactly apparent, but the intention may
have been to block up this inlet entirely in emergent
cases by the addition of other stones now missing, or
otherwise to straiten it and make it more defensible.
Between it and the large side slab mentioned above,
which forms its eastern jamb, there is an opening 5
feet high and 13 inches wide, through which a man of
moderate size might edge his person with ease, as I
proved by experiment on the spot. On its other or
western side, the space between the pillar and the
nearest stone is 12 inches, thus completing, with the
pillar and other opening, the average width of the
passage, which is 3 feet. This stone, however, is not
large, and the wall at its back is a good deal broken
and efiaced, afibrding no positive evidence that the
aperture on this side of the pillar was straitened
equally with the other; if it was, the design would
have been obvious. Through these side apertures at
the entrance the garrison could have gone and re-
turned without difficulty, whilst a hostile party in
252 COMPOUND WALLS IN NORTE WALES :
pursuit, or in the act of passing through, would have
been for the moment at the mercy of the defenders.
It might likewise have served to prevent the straying
of cattle out of the enclosure, for which purpose it was
well contrived. In the northern wall a similar arrange-
ment may be observed, made with smaller materials.
In the centre of a passage-entrance is a stone fixed on
edge, with an aperture on each side, one of which
measured 2 feet across, and the other 1 foot 8 inches
across. **In the valley on the south side of this
fortress, rocks and stones lie about in the greatest
confusion ; but there can be made out amongst them
numerous remains of enclosures of no great size, and of
small circular habitations, which may mark the site of
a British village or settlement."^ In a north-westerly
direction there is likewise the lower camp or outpost
of inferior strength. It was for the convenience of
the dwellers in these exterior habitations, I am in-
clined to think, the passages were contrived, enabling
them to reach the interior of the camp by a short and
direct path through its side walls, without the neces-
sity of a circuitous course to its main entrances, often,
no doubt, barricaded. On its northern side may be
seen a passage so oblique in its direction through the
rampart as to seem unaccountable, until it is noticed
that it inclines more than otherwise towards the en-
trance of the lower camp, and that the pathway lead-
ing towards it from this postern is the shortest and
best.
PEN Y GAER.
An English antiquary, in his description of *^ Worle-
bury, an Ancient Stronghold in the County of Somer-
set", expresses himself as having received with con-
siderable hesitation my former statement, that at Pen
y Gaer, Llanaelhaiam, Carnarvonshire, there is a com-
pound rampart. The ruin was twice visited by me
last autumn, and I can safely affirm that the double
^ Arch. Camb., Third Series, vol. vi, p. 98.
TEN Y GAER. 253
construction of its wall is unmistakable, and in fact
clearer and more distinct than anything of the kind at
Worlebury, where, I regret to say, a change has taken
pUce within the last ten years. Its north-eastern
terrace, then so strikingly conspicuous, has disappeared
under a thick coating of rubble. Even the author's
own discoveries, arrived at, we may suppose, after
much patient search and labour, are not visible. For
some reason unknown, and disappointing to the visitor,
they have again been put out of sight, and covered
over.
Situated on its conical hill, and protected on all
sides by walls and steep declivities, down which stones
might have been hurled with deadly effect, Pen y
Gaer was strong in position, and not easily assailed.
Its small pear-shaped interior, with its narrower end
towards the south, measures about 110 paces in length
by 60 paces in its. widest part, and is occupied by
seventeen or eighteen hut-circles of the largest size,
their diameters being 18 feet and upwaros. The
terraced rampart extends along its western front only,
the remainder of its circuit having been fortified by
a single wall or breastwork, traces of which remain.
The terrace has fallen away in several places, and has
exposed to view the face of the inner wall at its back.
Between the gaps thus opened remnants of the outer
line of walling ascend to the height of 6^ feet above the
fallen ruins at their base, whilst on each side of them
appears the face of the interior wall in a perfect state.
We thus obtain alternate views of the two structures,
indicating in the most satisfactory and convincing
manner their separate construction. T3ie thickness of
the terrace, taken in three places, was in one part 4 ft.
8 in., and 5 ft. in the other two. The widtn of the
interior wall, similarly taken, was 8 ft., 8 ft. 8 in., and
9 ft. At the entrance, where the masoniy of these
strongholds is usually thickest, the terrace widens to
6| ft., and the inner wall to 11 ft., the two combined
being 1 7^ ft.
254 COMPOUND WALLS IN NORTH WALES :
In a former notice of Pen y Gaer I expressed a
doubt whether the terrace, as it then appeared, was
designedly made to be occupied by a first line of
defenders, whilst the more commanding interior wall
was manned by a second row of combatants, or whether
its step-like appearance was the result of dilapidation.
A more recent examination has satisfied me that origin-
ally it did not appear as a terrace. In one part,
although lower in others, it is only 4 or 5 inches
short of attaining the level of the inner wall. Hence
it seems probable that, being 5 feet thick, it was
originally continued upwards to form a parapet similar
to the existing example at Tre 'r Ceiri, which is like-
wise 5 feet across, and not more than four miles
distant from it. It mfty be well to observe here that
these so-called parapets imply by their width the pro-
bability that they were not designed as defensive
breastworks, but rather as platforms on which the gar-
rison arranged themselves and fought when assailed
from without.
CRAIG Y DDINAS.
There is in Carnarvonshire another work of a com-
pound character which requires consideration. It is
the inner vallum of Craig y Ddinas, on the right bank
of the Llyfni, described by Mr. Barnwell in the AtcJub-
ologia Cambrensis, vol. ix. Fourth Series, p. 217, to
which paper, with its illustrations, the reader is re-
ferred. With his usual accuracy Mr. Barnwell has
pronounced this rampart of stone to be British ; and I
venture to add that for no other purpose than the
protection of a permanent settlement would a wall of
such magnitude have been built or thought of in a
country where every hill and rock was available for
temporary defence. The loosely built habitations which
probably stood at its back have long since been re-
moved, and the land cultivated, as has been the des-
tiny of most of the similarly fortified enclosures in
CRAIG Y DDINAS. 255
Anglesey. Last summer men and carts were employed
in clearing away the remaining vestiges of Castellor or
Castell I6r, in the parish of Llansadwm, mentioned by
Rowlands, in his Mona Antiqua^ p. 107. The remains
dug up and removed were wall-foundations, floors,
querns, spindle-whorls, saddle-quern muUers, a basin,
a hatchet, with smaller implements, all of stone. An
enormous quantity of rubble and walling materials
were carted away from this enclosure, measuring in
length about 250 yards, by a medium width of about
60 yards.
The outer bank of Craig v Ddinas, consisting, as
has been stated, of earth and bouldera thrown up from
its outer and inner ditches, is, in respect to materials and
structure, so different from the inner one, that I think
we may regard it as having formed no part of the
original design. It is probably the work of a success-
ful invader. The inner bank is entirely of stone, and
from its structural remains we gather that it was
originally a broadly built rampart of considerable height.
Its ruined and broken crest, partly overgrown by grass
and weeds, with here and tnere scattered clumps of
gorse and briers, and an occasional young oak tree,
might lead some to suppose that its interior consists of
earth, which is not the case. If, instead of a lowland
position, it had stood on the summit of a hill, its stony
remains would have been as grey and destitute of
vegetation as the walls of Tre 'r Ceiri or Caer Drewyn.
In the sectional view of Craig y Ddinas, annexed to
Mr. Barnweirs paper, the position of the outer face of
the inner rampart is accurately traced under the letter
E. When last seen, I found of its masonry a length
of about 50 feet exposed, varying in height from 2 to
3 feet above the fallen stones which cover its lower
courses. Above it is a shelf-like space, measuring
across in one part 9 feet, and in another 7 feet 6 inches,
which terminates at the foot of a second line of wall-
ing. The length cleared of this second work is 18 feet,
and its height above the dShris at its base from 2 to 3
256 COMPOUND WALLS IN NORTH WALES :
feet. Inasmuch as it ascends to nearly the top of the
ruin, it probably formed a part of the central wall.
On the opposite or enclosure side of the same ram-
part a small clearance was effected, and we succeeded
in uncovering two wall faces. The length brought to
view of the lower one next to the interior was about
1 8 feet, and its height above ground from 1 to 2 feet.
Its width across measured in one part 4 feet, in
another 3 feet 8 inches, and further west 2 feet 6
inches. The reduced condition of this lower step was
attributed to the vicinity of a modern rubble fence,
for the building of which many of its stones were
probably taken. At the back of this first terrace rises
a second, now about 2 feet higher than the first, and
of which 21 feet were cleared. Whether this marked
the limit of a second step, or the commencement of the
central wall, we had not an opportunity of deciding.
The height of the rampart as it now stands was made
out to be 14 feet on the enclosure side, and 19 feet
from the bottom of the trench on its outer side ; and
the thickness of the combined walls at their base was
estimated by rough calculation to be 27 feet.
The highest part of this vallum towards the west
dips abruptly at the brink of the descent to the river,
as if terminating there, but is continued along the
edge of the declivity sos&e distance further in the. fonto
of a low and broad wall in ruins, with a few indications
of apartments in its thickness. The principal gate-
way is said to have been reached by rounding the
eastern ends of the two ramparts, where there is at
present a modern cartway, but seemingly without any
traces of old work. Besides this place of admission
there are, in the ruined wall just mentioned, evident
remains of an entrance, with a causeway leading
obliquely up to it from the river, and possibly from
the country generally. In some respects this gate
was well placed. Besides having the advantage of a
water-supply, the defenders, if hard pressed, might
through it have gained the river, and possibly a safe
TftE R OEIRI. 257
retreat amongst the wilds and fastnesses of the hills
beyond.
TRB 'r ceiri.
To the preceding number of hill-fortresses in North
Wales possessing defences of a compound character
Tre 'r Ceiri may be fairly added. Pennant, in his
description of its wall, says that it " consisted of two
parallel and contiguous parts, one higher than the
other, serving as a parapet to the lower, which seemed
to have its walk like that in the walls of Chester." It
is not clear that in this remark there is any allusion
to its compound character. To dispose of a doubt
long entertained, I lately ascended to the ruin, accom-
panied by an assistant, and, at a point a little to the
east of the sally-port, where the banquette is doable,
traced downwards the face of the upper walk or terrace
by removing the contiguous rubble of the lower one,
which was easily effected without much damage, the
stones of the lower walk being smaller than those
built into the face of the higher. We followed it
nearly to its foundation, and the result was satisfac-
tory, inasmuch as it disclosed the fact that the lower
terrace is but the top of a separate structure, added
possibly to support and strengthen the main wall, the
face of which is wavy and rugged, with a tendency to
overhang.
258 COMPOUND WALLS IN NORTH WALES :
With the outer part of the rampart we were not so
fortunate. In consequence of the large size of the
stones there used, their awkward proportions, the
vacancies between them, and their random arrange-
ment across the building with their ends out, we were
unable to satisfy ourselves that the inner face of the
parapet descended lower tlian the banquette. We
left the ruin, in fact, in a st^ite of doubt on this point,
and yet more than otherwise inclined to regard the
parapet as a part of the main wall continued upwards.
It is an interesting feature, however, as the only exist-
ing example connected with this class of remains I am
acquainted with in North Wales, and is of importance
as showing how, in other instances, these wide sur-
faced walls, such as the one at Caer Drewyn, were
carried upwards and completed.
The measure of the i-ampart taken where the clear-
ance was made is as folio ays : — Across the lower walk
it varied from 4 ft. 6 in. to 5 ft. The width of the
higher one was 5 ft. 3 in., and the parapet measured
5 ft. across, the width of the whole being about 15 ft.
The same line of rampart further towards the east
becomes apparently a single wall, and is reduced to a
width of 9 ft. at top.
The little I have been able to glean respecting the
stone-built caers of North Wales will suffice, I hope,
to show that the defences of some of them are com-
pound, the supposed absence of which peculiar feature
has hitherto been regarded as the main difference
between them and the duns and cahirs of Ireland. I
have shown that on the opposite sides of the Caer
Drewyn enclosure three wall-faces were uncovered, two
on the inner side, and one on the outer, proving with cer-
tainty that in parts the rampart consisted of two
parallel lines of masonry with indications of a third,
and that its wall, from 15 to 20 ft. wide, was spacious
enough for the admission of chambers such as those at
Inis Murray and at Carn Pentyrch. The existence of
a double or compound wall at Pen y Gaer has likewise
TEE 'r CEIRt. 259
been verified. It has been further ascertained that
the Craig y Ddinas rampart possesses at least four
facings, two on each side, establishing the fact that it
consisted of three collateral and contiguous walls, with
chances that further excavations might bring others to
view. Whatever the object of these additional struc-
tures, whether intended as supports to loosely-built
defences, which seems probable, or for some other
purpose, they are met with, as far as my observation
goes, where the bulwark is highest and broadest, and
are seemingly discontinued where the natural strength
of the position required no further protection than a
single wall or breastwork.
Those who have had opportunities of comparing the
Irish cahirs with the stone-built caers of Wales, agree
in regarding them as the works of the same race.
Differences may exist, but usually they are such as
may be accounted for by local circumstances, or by the
supposed higher antiquity of the caer. The early
course of migration across these islands is stated to
have been from east to west — from England to Ire-
land. Hence it seems probable that the caer preceded
the cahir, and is the older of the two.
Hugh Prichard.
17
260
THE CARMELITE PRIORY, DENBIGH.^
Before entering upon an account of this religious
house, or a description of its remains, it will be well to
premise a short notice of the order to which it belonged.
According to Mr. Mackenzie Walcott {Sacred ArcluB^
ology)y the " Carmelites or White Friars were an order
of friars who took their origin in a congregation of her-
mits on Mount Carmel, who were associated by Albei%
Patriarch of Jerusalem, in 1122. During tne Holy
War they came over to Europe, and were taken under
the protection of the Popes. Honorius IV gave them
the white cloak, which had hitherto been worn only
by the Praemonstratensians, and called them Brethren
of St. Mary. Innocent IV bound them under con-
ventual rule, and John XXIII exempted them from
the jurisdiction of bishops. Eugenius VI allowed
them to eat flesh. They were brought by Earl Richard
De Grey from Carmel into England c. 1260, and
established themselves at Alnwick, when they first
came into towns. In 1258 Alexander IV allowed
them to imprison all renegades from the order. They
usually had an image of St. John Baptist in their
cloisters, with the hope of gaining greater estimation
as under the protection of him who came in the spirit
of Elias of CarmeL Their chief was called the Pro-
vincial. They wear a cassock, scapular, patience, and
hood of brown and a white cloak. When the Saracens
recovered the Holy Land, white as a royal colour was
prohibited, and they adopted grey ; but when they
came to England they resumed the white over grey.
Their house at Coventry remains in almost complete
preservation."
Two points in this notice are of special interest in
connection with this foundation.
^ Read at the Annaal Meeting, 22 Augnst 1887.
CARMELITE PRIORY, DENBIGH. 261
1. The origin of the order in the Holy Wars ; for
inasmuch as Sir Thomas Salusbury, the father of the
founder of this house, had taken an active part in the
Crusades, was present at the siege of St. Jean d'Acre,
and had been made a knight of the Holy Sepulchre,
we may fairly infer that Sir John himself, also, had
not only imbibed, as with his mother s milk, the spirit
of the Crusaders, but most likely had been a personal
sharer in their fortunes ; indeed, his very title of
knighthood implies that he must have won his spurs
on the field ; and if, as may very likely have been,
present with his father at St. Jean d'Acre, he may
have personally witnessed the devotion and charity of
the new brotherhood founded on the adjoining pro*
montory of Mount Carmel.
2. The introduction of the order into England by
Earl Richard de Grey is also suggestive ; for it was to
his nephew, Reginald de Grey, that Edward I granted
the Castle of Ruthin and the lordship of Dyffryn
Clwyd, in 1281 ; and within three years this Priory of
Denbigh was founded. Sir John and Reginald de
Grey may have been companions-in-arms in that dis-
tant school of chivalry in Palestine, and may have
consolidated their early friendship in the home perils
of those early unsettled times. At all events, we
seem to trace a special reason why, in those days of
Cistercian foundations, this house should have been
founded as a Carmelite priory.
Just at the same time, then, that Henry de Lacy
was crowning the fair hill of Caledfryn, in Rhos, with
his beautiful castle. Sir John Salusbury was occupied
in founding the house of Carmelite Friars at its foot.
We can give no plan of the buildings then erected ;
but there still remain the chapel, and, on its south
side, what was probably the hall or day-room of the
friars, with their dormitory above. The graceful ogee
window of five lights, cinquefoiled, and with detached
mullions, in the north wall of the chapel — a corre-
sponding one, probably, on the south side, where a
262 CARMELITE PRIOHY, DENBIGH.
closed arch indicates a former opening — and the holy
water stoup of similar character in the same wall, near
the west aoor — all belong to this period of architec-
ture ; so too, I doubt not, do the double sedilia, with
detached or open mnllions, in the south wall, although
the cusps and foils have been destroyed. The piscina
has been walled up, but will most likely tell the same
story. The chapel would necessarily be the richest
and most ornamented portion of the foundation, not
only in virtue of its dedication to divine worship, but
also by reason of its secondary use as a burial-place
for the founder's family. Sir John himself was prob-
ably the first to be buried here; and a copy of the
inscription, on a brass plate, that once existed in the
chapel, is preserved among some MSS. at Combermere.
" Orate pro a'i'a Joh'is Salusburie Armigeri, qui quidem Joli'es
Salusburie obiit ii die Mensis Maiiii A.D, ] 289, cujus a'i'e p*pi-
cietur Deus."
•
Sir John's wife was' Katherine, daughter of Lord St*
Maur ; and hence, I suspect, the origin of its alternative
foundation by John de Sunimore (i. e., Sant Maur,
Seymour), the date 1399 referring to a subsequent
renovation, and the introduction of the Perpendicular
east window.
In 1373 Llewelyn ap Madoc, Bishop of St. Asaph,
bequeathed in his will twenty shillings to the Carmel-
ites of Denbigh, among others, " pro anima mea"; and
at the same time bestowed on the fabric of the cathe-
dral the vessels of silver {vasa argentea) which he had
bought of Henry de Salbri. This was probably the
Sir Harry Salnsbury, described as a Knight of the
Holy Sepulchre, who was buried in the chapel, and to
whose memory the Harl. MS. 2129 tells us there was
a tomb, with the inscription —
'' JJip jacet Henricus Salusburie, Armiger filius et heres Radul-
phi Sfi-lueburie Ar : qui obiit silicet (?) die mensis A® 1400. Et
Agnes ux. ejus filia et heres Joh'is Curteys, Amiigeri, qui obiit
pr' die Meueis AP 1400: quor* aU*b' p'picietur Deus. Amen."
CARMELITB PfilORY, DENBIGH. 263
Another stone commemorated another Henry, son of
Thomas Salusbury, who died the 2nd of October 1483,
and appears to have been the " Henry Salusbury of
Llanrhaiadr, who married Margaret, daughter and heir
of GruflFydd ap Rhys of Gloddaeth, and widow of
Howel ap leuan Fychan, Lord of Mostyn, by whom he
was the ancestor of the Sahisburies of Llanrhaiadr
Hall, represented, through the Baronet family of Lloyd
of Bodidris yn Rl and the Vaughans of Corsygedol, by
the co-representatives of the late Sir Thomas Mostyn
of Mostyn, Bart." {Powys Fadog, iv, 331).
Another brother, John,^ died on the 9th day of
March 1489, and was buried here. He was "of
Bachymbyd, which place he bought from Hugh ap
Madoc ap leuan ap Madoc of Plils yn Machymbyd.
He married Lowri, daughter and coheir of Robert ap
Meredydd ap Tudor, and was ancestor of — 1. The
Salusburies of Bachymhydy whose heiress, Jane, only
child of Charles Salusbury, of Bachymbyd, Esq., married
Sir Walter Bagot, Knt., ancestor by her of the Lords
Bagot. 2. The Salusburies of RAg, co. Merion. 3.
The Salusburies of Saeth Marchog" (Powys Fadog^ iv,
332).
The next memorial met with is a brass to Sir
Thomas Salusbury, Knt., who died in 1505, and Dame
Joan, his wife, who died in 1516. He was knighted
by Henry VII after the Battle of Blackheath, for his
valour against Lord Audley and the Cornish rebels.
His wife was Joan or Janet, sister of Sir William
Griffith of Penrhyn, Knt., Chamberlain of North Wales.
This is the last recorded funeral of a member of the
family in the Abbey chapel, as Sir Roger, the next
Baronet, directed, by his will, his body to be buried in
the parish church of Denbigh, that is, Whitchurch.
Most of these cases are mentioned in the following
extract, which we quote from Mr. Williams' Ancient
and Modern Denbigh (p. 325) : —
^ " Obitas Joli'is Salusbnrio Armigeri filii Thomsa Salusbury
qui quidam Joh'es obiifc ix® mensis Mercurii (sic) anno 1489. Cuj'
quidem a'i'e", &c. (Harl. MS., in Powys Fadofj, iv, p. 339.)
264 CARMELITE PRIORY, DENBIGH.
**By the kindness of Miss Angharad Lloyd, authoress
of the Antiquities of Mona^ we are favoured with the
following particulars : — ' Among some papers at Com-
bermere Abbey, I saw a copy of the inscriptions on
tombstones then in the Abbey,
" ' Inscriptions upon y® circumference brasse of y* broad marble
stone nexte y* altar in y® Chappell of y® Eeligious House in
Denbighe : —
" ' Orate pro dHaims Thomce Salusbury Militia et Domince Jo--
haruB vxoris ejus, qui quidem Dom: Thorn. Som: obijt die Janij
A.D. millesimo quingentesimo quinto et Domina Johana obijt
quarto die mens: Septr. A,D. MCCCCCXVI quor' aH'his Deus
propicietur. Amen'
*** Upon another brasse plate there is —
" * Orate pro alia JoKnis SalushurU armigeri qui quidem JoKnes
SaVs: obijt ii die Mensis m^rtii A.D. MilVmo: 1289. cujus a!i(z
propicietur Devs.'
** *Nota, That all y* words y** are underlined are now wanting,
being the Brasse taken away by y* barbarous hands of the soul-
diers in y^ late Civill Wars.* "
In the Rhyl MSS. there is an account of *' a frag-
mente of a Plate that doth memorie another Thomas
Salusburie, buried in y® Religious House at Denbighe.
Also, another Plate that hath Henry Salusbury, and
another Brasse that doth memorise the Dau. and Heire
of John Curt^is, Esq., and the Alabaster Tomb for Syr
Roger Salusbury and his Lady."
The burials of so many members of the family must
have been a source of no small profit to the Priory,
and these were enhanced by other gifts and bequests ;
but they bad more to do, as we gather from a later
inventory, with the services and adornment of the
chapel, than with the ease and enjoyment of the friars.
In 1535 Bishop Standish left them by will a sum of
twenty marcs *' pro edificio claustri", from which we
gather that either there was as yet no cloister at all,
or else that it had fallen into decay and needed
repair; and three years later Richard ap Howel ap
CARMELITE PRIORY, DENBIGH. 265
leuan of Mostyn, whose mother had married as her
second husband Henry Salusbury of Llanrhaiadr {supra^
oh. 1483) also made them a bequest.
The alliances formed by this powerful family were
further emblazoned in the painted glass of the fine
€ast window. For " in the great window in the
Chapel are the following coats of arms : !• Salusburie
cum ... a bend argent; 2. Salusburie, impaled with
argent, a bugle horn sable ; 3. Salusburie cum argent a
chev. guleSf between three errons' heads erased sa,,
beaks de or, Erdeswick; 4. Salusburie cum q'lie (quar-
terly) vairry de argent et g. et cum gules, a fesse
daunzetie argent, between six cross-crosslets argent;
5. Salusburie cum gules, a chevron argent, between
three halfaces {i.e., three Englishmen's heads in pro-
61e) argentj et argent pr. 2, 3, arg. ; 4 qr. gules, a
chevr. arg., bet. 3 stags' heads argent, attired or.
Vychan Camerarius WallisB Septentrionale.'^ (Harl.
MS. 2129, Powys Fadog, iv, 339.)
The appearance of the sanctuary must have been
imposing when the beauty of its architecture was set
out by carved marble, and painted window and richly
graven monuments.
'* Lie odidogacb, lie daw dugiaeth
Ni chae iarll yw roi no chdr lle'r aetb
Na brenbin yn etn wasanaetb — barddacb
Na gwledd degacb no'i gladdedigaeth."
From Tndur Aled*s Oiodl Farumad, Thomas Saitis-
hury Marchog Urddol.
But evil days were fast approaching for the monas-
teries ; and the turn of this Priory soon came. It was
granted, according to Tanner, 36 Henry VIII, to
Richard Andrews and William Lisle ; but in the grant
itself, dated 1539, as given below, only Richard Andrews
is mentioned. The Priory is also there described as
belonging to the "Friars Preachers"; but this was a mis-
take, as it belonged not to the Dominicans, but to the
Carmelites. From this grant we further learn that the
Priory and its property had been leased for ninety-nine
266 CARMELITE PRIORY, DENBIGH.
years to Robert Parfew, Bishop of St Asaph, in 1 537, at
an annual rent to the King of 12c2.»and to the Prior of
1 Os. The grant is as follows : —
Particulars for Orants, Hen, VIII, Andrews, Richard.
Sec. 6.
" Nuper domus siue Priorat' Fratrum predicat* do Denbigh in
Northwallia. Per fid'.
" Valor omnium et singulorum dominiorum maner' terr' tene-
ment' ac aF possessionum quarumcunque tarn Temporal' quam
Spiritual* diet' nuper Domui siue Priorat' pertin' sive spectan'
ad manus Domini Henr'octaui Dei gra'Anglie Lraunc* et Hiber-
nie ecclesie supremi capit' sursum redd' ut inferius sequitur
viz. :
"In Com' DenHgV Terr' et possession* qimecuynqiie p'd^
nuper domui pertin' valet in
" Firm' tocius scitus siue domus diet' nuper Priorat' scituat'
ex oriental' parte ville de Denbigh' vnacum omnibus et singulis
haulis, cameris, pincemia, coquinis, stabulis siue alijs edifieijs
quibuscumque eidem Priorat' pertin' siue spectan', necnon vno
pomario et vno gardino eidem annex' ac etiam omnibus et sin-
gulis tenement', cotagijs, terr', pastur' et prat' cum omnibus et
singulis advantagiJB proficuis et emolument' eidem similiter
spectan' et pertin' sic dimiss* Robert' Episcapo Assaphen' per In-
dentur* sub sigill' commune diet' nuper Priorat' dat' xij™<* die
Augusti anno ? r* Henr' viij^ xxix'*** h'end' eidem Ep'o et suc-
cessor' suis a die confeccionis presenc' vsque ad t'minuni
iiij"xix annorum tunc prox' sequen' et plenar' complend' Eedd'
inde ann**™ diet' Domino Regi pro decima premis' xijd. duratU^
termino pred' et diet' priori et convent' siue eo' succ' jls. eodem
termino durant' viz. pro premis'. Et pred' Episcopus exonera-
bit diet' nuper priorem et convent' et eorum success' de omni-
bus resolut' reddit' exeunt* de pr'mis' quequidem Indent' ac
omnia et singula in eadem content' per Cancellar' et Consilium
Cur* Domini R' Augmen' revenc' Coron' sue allor' Dat' apud
Westm' xxv*o die Aprilis anno regni pred' Domini Regis xxxj™**
per annum X5."
The establishment was small : in 1537, there were a
** capellanus capellse, and five or six priests", who, we
hope, received a pension. The commissioners appointed
to appraise the goods made out their inventory, which
CARMELITE PRIORY, DENBIGH. 267
we reproduce in full/ for the light it throws on the
nature and value of the church goods, and for the
glimpse it gives of the diflferent parts of the monastic
buildings.
"White Freers of Denbigh. — Stuife delyvered to the Bisshop
of Saynt Assaph (Rob. Purefoy) :
" The Quyer, ij gret candelsticks of latyn iJ5. ; ij small candel-
sticks, laten, pownsed, viijrf.; a lampe basyn" (a lamp in a basin
before the altar) " iiijd. ; a holy water stoppe iiijrf. ; ij cruets jrf. ;
vj aulter clothes viiijrf. ; ij white curteyns (costers for the altar)
viiijd. ; ij tables alybaster vs. ; ij sacry bells jrf. ; ij bells in y*
steple xs. ; a pelowe on y* auter iiijrf. ; a canape^' (canopy)^ " for
the Sacrament iiij^.
" The Vestry, a vestiment, syngle, white with flors" (flowers)
"and a redde crosse ijs. ; j olde vestment syngle, grene with a
red ofiTeras with starres iiijrf. ; a vestment of grene with a red
bfferas iiijrf. ; a chesable, yelow chamblet, with a blew offeras
vjrf. ; a chesable, grene silk with a violet offeras ; a chesable,
changeable taffeta, the offeras with imags" (images) " of gold ijs.;
iiij old chesables xvjd. ; j old tenakelF* (tunicle) " iiijrf. ; a grene
cope, silke stryped, ijs. ; an old albe iiijrf. ; an old surples jd, ; v
corporase cases with iij corporases yjd. ; a little clothe to hange
before the roode jrf. ; a crosse coper with a stafife coper iiijd. ; ij
sensers coper iiijrf. ; ii old cofers viijrf.
"The Chamber, a coveringe with imags viijd. ; a table with ij
formes iiijrf.
"The Hall, a table and fourme iiijrf. ; a steyned clothe iijd,
"The Kechyn, iij brasse potts and a posnet^' (a little basin or
porringer) " iiijs. ; a pan, a broche" (a spit), " and a paire of pot-
hooks iiijd. ; a paire of hengells ijd. ; a trevet ijrf.
"The Brevjhouse, a mashe-fat xvjrf. ; a lede" (lead) " \]8,
"The Buttre, a candelstick of laten, ]d. ; ij laten basyn and j
ewer vjrf. ; ij pewter disshes iiijrf. ; a table clothe and a towell
• • • • ^
iiija.
" Left in my Lordes handes a chales with a little crucifixe on
the cote" (side), "parcel-gilt, weyng x ounces xxxvjs. viijc^.
Theise forsaide parcells were praysed the xix day of the monthe
"* From the " Seven Inventories of Welsh Friaries", taken out of
the Pablic Record Office, by Mackenzie E. C. Walcott, Arch, Camb,^
1870, xliL
« Sacr, Arch.^ 692.
268 CARMELITE PRIOEY, DENBIGH.
of Auguste, the yere (of) our Kinge Henry the VIII, xxx, by
theise persones folowyug
*' Thos. Conwey,
Will. Wynway,
Jo. Barker,
Eob. Blake.
"Sum total iiij7i. iiijd.''
This visitation and surrender of the goods of the
Priory took place in 1538, the 30th of Henry VIII;
and the Thomas Conwy, who was one of the com-
missioners, was most probably of Bodrhyddan, eldest
son of John Aer Conwy (oh. 1544), and Janet, daughter
of Thomas Salusbury Hin (the elder) of Lleweni.
The parts of the Priory here enumerated are the
choir, the vestry, the chamber, the hall, the kitchen,
the brew-house, and the buttery. By the choir we
understand the entire chapel, as not only the altar-
cloths, furniture, and ornaments are included — e.g.^
curtains, alabaster tables, canopy, and candlesticks —
but also the holy water stoup, two sacring bells, and
the two bells in the steeple.
The vestry was rich in vestments — chesibles, copes,
and albs — of silk and other material, wrought with
images, stars, and flowers ; contained " a little clothe
to hang before the roode", a processional cross of
copper, and censers of the same material.
The chamber (perhaps the Prior's room) was scantily
furnished, with ''a covering with imags, a table and 2
fourmes."
In the kitchen was inter alia " a paire of hengells,
whatever that may mean ; while the furniture of the
other rooms was very meagre.
There was left, however, in the Bishop's hands " a
chales, with a little crucifixe on the cote, parcel gilt,
weying x ounces ', and valued at no less than 365. 8d.
This Bishop, Robert Parfew or Perfew, also called
Warbington or Warton, had been consecrated to the
See of St. Asaph on July 2, 1536, and held with it the
Abbacy of St. Saviour's, Bermondsey. The Abbey
OARMELITE PRIORY, DENBIGH. 269
being very rich, he was able to live in great state, and
much of his time and money were spent at Denbigh.
" DenbighcB plerumque", writes Godwin of him, " aut
Wrexamee vitam degere consuevit : ad Sancti Asaphi
raro aut vix unquam." In 1538 the freedom of the
burgesses of this town (Denbigh) was given to him
and his successors ; and the burgesses were freed from
appearing out of the limits of the borough in any
ecclesiastical cause. The Bishop, moreover, made great
efforts to have the Grammar School, which the Royal
Commissioners proposed to found (or re-found) at St.
Asaph, removed to Denbigh; and it is said that he
was anxious to have the cathedral also transferred
hither.
Williams, in Ancient and Modem Denbigh, p. 326,
quotes, from MSS. undescribed, a more full description
of the grant than that given by Tanner. ** The house,
stables, demesnes, terraces, gardens, orchards, etc., of
y* Priory of y* Carmelite Brothers att Denbighe, with
woods, fisheries, pastures, etc., was granted by H. 8,
in his 36 yeare reign, to Robert Andrews of Hayle, co.
Gloucester, and Geo. Lyseley.*' These names differ
slightly from those given by Tanner, ** Richard Andrews
and William Lisle''; but they are evidently members
of the same family, if not intended for the same
persons. Perhaps our North Wales Secretary and co-
Editor will be able to clear up the difference, and to
enable us to trace the subsequent devolution of the
property down to his own and his brothers hands, and
also to identify the grounds covered by the "stables,
demesnes, terraces, gardens, orchards, .... woods,
fisheries, and pastures", which indicate a somewhat
more extensive establishment and possessions than we
had been led to expect from previous notices.
It only remains to us now to describe, sadly and
regretfully, the present condition of this interesting
old foundation.
The chapel and a range of buildings on the south
are all that now survive. The latter probably repre-
270 CARMELITE PRIORY, DENBIGH.
sent the kitchen and hall of the "inventory"; but
their present use is that of barn and cow-house. Above
them the ancient dormitory, with its narrow and deeply
splayed windows, has been turned into a hayloft and
granary 1 We turn to the chapel, and find the fabric
still showing signs of its pristine use. Monumental
alabaster and graven brasses, altar and stalls, have
long ago disappeared; but the fine east window of
five lights, double transomed, with its lower portion
walled up. is enclosed in an arch within a string-
course which has angel terminations. There stands
out a bracket, on the south side of the altar, on the
east wall, on which once stood an image, it may be of
John the Baptist. The piscina on the south side,
previously indicated by the plaster, has now been
opened out ; and an aumbry on the north side is like-
wise indicated. Double sedilia, with pierced mullions,
remain on the south side. A five-light graceful ogee
window on the north, and a closed space correspond-
ing to it in the south wall, show the side-lighting;
while the stoup still occupies its old position. The
roof retains its early wagon shape and form ; and west
of the north window the wall-plate descends to about
half the height of the wall, and is there supported on
corbels, marking, it may be, the position of the rood-
loft and the division between nave and chancel. Buck's
view shows dormer windows on the north side ; but
these no longer exist.
We are told by Mr. Williams {Ancient and Modern
Denbigh, p. 325) that some years ago the late *' Mr.
Ignatius Williams of the Grove got up a subscription
for the purpose of exploring the floor of the chapel,
and permission was readily obtained from Mr. Owen,
the proprietor, and his tenant. The sexton was en-
gaged to see the vaults opened ; but nothing has yet
been done." Some few years ago I remember being told
by Mrs. Owen this anecdote about a former explora-
tion, and I recorded it as supplying a hint that may
be some day utilised. " Elias Jones, painter, says that
CARMELITE PRIORY, DENBIGFT. 271
his grandfather, whom he remembers well, vised to say
that a gentleman dressed in black came to him when
working in the fields near the Abbey, and asked hira
to come and dig for him at the Abbey itself, and that
he pointed out a particular arch in the east wall,
where he dug, and came upon * all kinds of things,
gold and silver , and that when he began to lay hold of
the things, the gentleman told him to close up, and
disappeared." Many tombstones, I was also told, had
been dug up in the ground, and, what is of more
importance, ** were re-buried", so that some day they
may yet be brought to light.
The semi-effigy in front of the Abbey house repre-
sents a female in the attitude of prayer ; an inscrip-
tion runs along the edge, but is illegible. It is said
that when found it carried a leaden cover, underneath
which was an antique key, which is now in the pos-
session of Mr. Richard Williams of Vale Street, late
town clerk of this town.
For greater ease in following this description, I append
a pedigree of the Salusburys of Lleweni, in so far as
concerns this. subject, compiled from J. Y. W. Lloyd's
History of Powys Fadog.
Adam de Salzburg,=p
came with the Conqueror
T
Adam de Salzburg, =pJoyce, d. of Sir William de Fontefract
Captain of Denbigh Garrison |
Alexander ae Salu8bury=T=
ThoB. Saluebury, Knt. of the Holy Sepulchre,=f Joyce, d. and coh. of Sir Wm,
at siege of St. Jean d'Acre
Mandeville, Knt.
Sir John Salusbury of Lleweni, founder of White Friar8,=i=Eatherine, d. of
Denbigh, and Abbey, "La Fleche", o&. 1289 L. St. Maur
Sir Henry Salu8bury=f=Ne8t, d. of Cynwrig Fychan
received Lleweni as a grant I ap Cynwric Sais
from Edw. I
272
CARMELITE PRIORY, DENBIGH.
<»r
William Salaabar7,=FMargaret, d. and h. of
M. P. for Leomin-
ster, 6 Ed. Ill,
of Lleweni
Dd. ap Cynwrig ap
Philip Phicdan
Alexander Salasbnry, snees*
tor of the Saluebuiys of
Gallt Faenan
Kalph SalasbarjFpMarg^aret, d. and h. of leuan ap Cadwgan, to
Llywarch Holbwrch
T
Henry Sam8bary,=r= Agnes, d. and h. of Sir John
buried in the
Abbey, 1400
Goortois or Cartels, Knt.«
oh. 1400
I
John Salnsbniy
Jane=John Eyton of
Eyton
Thomas Salii8bnry,^Elen, d. of Sir John Donne of Utkintonf
fell in the battle of
Bamet
Cheshiie
Sir Thomas Salasbanr,=Fjanet, d. of
Knt. Banneret, fought William Griffith
at Blackheath, oh. 1505, of Penrhyn,
buried in the Abbey Chamberlain of
N.Wales
2, Ffoulk S., Dean of St. Asaph
3, Henry S. of Llanrhaiadr
B Margaret, d. of Gruff, i^
Bhys of Glodaeth, wid. of
Howel ap leuan F^chan of
Mostyn
4, John S. of Baohymbyd
5, Bobert S. of Llanxirst
Sir Boger Saluabury,^-!, Elizabeth, d. and coh.
knighted at Bouen; of John Hookes,
will, 1550 ; to be bur. oh. «. p.
in par. oh. of Denbigh
8r2* Elizabeth, sister of Sir John
Puleston of Bersham
Ffoulk S., Dean of St.
Asaph (?)
Thomas S., of Flint,
i,e», Leadbroke
Sir John Salusbuxy, Chancellor and Chamberlain,qFjane, d. and ooh. of David
and M.P. for co. of Denbigh, Knight of the Carpet, Myddelton, Esq., Mayor
oh. 1578 ; bur. in Whitchurch of Chester^ ob. 1588
John SaluBbury=FCatherine, d. and h. of Tudor ap Bobert Fychan of Berain.
She subsequently married, — 2, Sir Bichard Clough of Bach^
egraig ; 3, Maurice Wynn of Gwydir ; 4, Edward Thelwal
of Plas y Ward. Interred at Llanneiydd, 1 Sept. 1591
Thomas Salusbury,=T=Margaretjd. of Sir John Salusbnry,=T=Ur8ula, d. of
implicated in the
Babington Plot
Maurice Wynn
of Gwydir
"The Strong", Esq.
oftheBodytoQ. Eliz.,
M.P. for 00. Denb.
Margaret — Edward Koireys
of Speke, oo. Lancas.
Henry Earl
of Derby,
ob. 1691
CARMELITE PRIORY, DENBIGH.
273
\
«l
1
8ir HeDry Sa1aBbui7,=f Hester, d. of Sir Thos.
Bart., 1619
Myddelton of Chirk
Castle
Sir Thomas Salasbnryy^Hester, d« of
2nd Bart., Jesus Coll,
Ozf., ob, 1618
Sir Edw. TJrrrel
2, John, Capt.
3, William
4, Ferdinando^
Daughters : Arabella «
John Jones of Helygen;
Urioina—John Parry of
Tywysog
Sir Thomas
Salasbary,
3rd Bart.,
oh. 1657
Sir John » Jane, d. of Hester SalusbnryiBjsSir Bobert Cotton
Salusbury, Hugh heiress to her
4th Bart., Williams brothers
ob, B. p.
of Combermere,
Bart.
I
Sir Bobert Salusbury Cotton, sold Lleweni to the Hon. Thos. Fitzmanrice.
^ Ferdinando died at Lleweni on his return from the war in the Pala*
tinate, and on his male issue (if any) would appear to have devolved the
representation of the male line of the house of Xloweni on the death of Sir
John Salusbury, the fourth and last Baronet.
5tH 8SB., VOL. ir.
18
274
NOTES ON THE OLDER CHURCHES IN THE
FOUR WELSH DIOCESES.
BT THE LATB
SiE STEPHEN RICHARD GLYNNE, Bart.
{Continued from Vol. Hi, p. 281.)
BRECON, PRIORY CHURCH OF ST. JOHN.
1836.
This is a fine church, in the form of a cross, consisting
of a nave with side-aisles and north porch, large tran-
septs, each of which has an aisle on the east end,
and a fine choir without aisles. In the centre of the
cross is a low but massive tower. The exterior is rather
plain. The Early English style greatly predominates,
and in the choir (internally) is of the finest and most
elegant quality. The clerestory of the nave has a plain
battlement. Its south windows are Decorated, of two
lights, with varied tracery ; the northern less good.
The aisles have sloping, tiled roofs, and no parapets.
The windows of the north aisle are of three lancet-
lights within a general arch. There is a singular kind
of gable over part of the north aisle, containing an ele-
gant Decorated window of three lights, with transom :
a very uncommon arrangement. The west window of
the nave is a large and fine Decorated one of five
lights ; that of the south aisle is of three lights, also
Decorated. The aisles are narrow, and the south aisle
does not extend quite to the west end. The north
porch is plain, with a small double window in the
gable, and tiled roof. The tower is low and plain, with
a battlement, and a turret at the south-west angle.
The nave is divided from the north aisle by four large
pointed arches springing from vast octagonal column!;
from the south aisle by only three, but simUar in
NOTES ON THE OLDER CHUBCHES, ETC. 275
character. In the north wall is a fine ogee arch with
elegant mouldings, feathering, and finial ; in the
mouldings, two courses of ball-flowers ; and beneath
the arch, the recumbent eflSgy of an ecclesiastic in the
attitude of devotion. The tower rises on four large
pointed arches of Early English character, opening to
the nave, transepts, and choir, having good mouldings
and clustered shafts with moulded capitals. The
tower is open to the interior of the church, above the
great arches, and exhibits on each side double lancet-
windows on shafts with mouldings. The nave and
transepts have coved roofs with ribs, forming paneled
compartments. The choir has a flat, paneled ceiling
with pierced tracery above the beams. The south
transept has on its east side two pointed arches spring-
ing from shafts attached to a central plain pier. One
of these arches is closed ; the other opens to a small
chapel which communicates with the choir, and has a
good triple lancet- window with shafts. In one of the
piers on this side is a trefoil-niche. Both the tran-
septs have a large triple lancet-window at the end,
with a gaJlery in the thickness of the wall across it.
That on the north has shafts ; but on the south they
are destroyed. There is an Early English arch from
the south transept to the south aisle of the nave, and
both transepts have lancet-windows in a clerestory.
The north transept has two Early English arches on
its east side, resembling those on the south, and open-
ing to a large chapel ranging north of the choir, to
which it opens by a small Early English doorway; and
there is near the door a very fine Decorated arch with
delicate mouldings containing ball-flowers, flanked by
crocketed pinnacles. There must have been a tomb
beneath this.
There is a wooden screen entirely dividing the choir
from the nave. The choir presents a beautifiil internal
appearance. At the east end is a window of five un-
equal lancets, gradually diminishing from the centre,
with very rich mouldings upon clustered shafts with
18 •
276 NOTES ON THE OLDER CHURCHES
moulded capitals; some containing the nail-head orna-
ment, and the shafts banded round the middle. On
each side of the chancel are three compartments, of
which three (internally) contain triple lancets, unequal,
and very lofty and finely proportioned, the centre only
pierced for a window. The mouldings and shafts
resemble those of the east window, and the nail-head
appears in several of the capitals. The western com-
partment on each side has a deeply moulded doorway
opening to a chapel ; that on the south has a later
window above it. There are three sedilia with tre-
foil heads and shafts on the south of the altar, and in
the east wall two niches with trefoil heads. Exter-
nally, the lancets of the choir are quite plain. The
font is Norman, but mutilated. The bowl is a circular
cup. Round the upper part is a band of scroll-work
with beads ; and round the middle a band containing
medallions with figures of birds, etc.; the base circu-
lar. The nave has been newly pewed. The east end
of the north aisle is made into a vestry.^
ST, MARY IN BRECON.
17 Sept. 1847.
A large church, built of a coarse red stone, and
somewhat irregular in form. It has a nave and
chancel, with south aisle running parallel with both ;
a chapel on the north of the nave ; north and south
porches ; and lofty plain tower at the west end of the
nave. There are various styles. The tower is late
Third Pointed, embattled, and having an octagonal
stair-turret. The belfry windows of three lights, and
a large west window of five. There is no west door,
^ The choir of this fine church was restored, under the direction
of Sir Gilbert Scott, by the Marquis Camden, the proprietor of the
Priory. The trustees of his grandson, who succeeded to the mar-
quisate on the death of his father, on May 4th, 1872, provided the
present stalls and fittings. An organ on an adequate scale is now
(1836) being added to the church.
IN THE FOUR WELSH WOCESES, 277
and the arch opening from the tower to the nave is
lofty and elegantly moulded, but without shafts. The
interior is much encumbered with pews and galleries,
which render it very dark, and the west gallery being
advanced considerably into the nave, the western
arches are much hidaen. The nave has an arcade of
five wide arches ; the arches of the chancel very low,
and no chancel-arch. The three western arches of the
nave are wide, of pointed form, with circular pier
between them having octagonal capital. The next
pier eastward is square, and against it is what has
evidently been an altar with stone paneling about it.
The two west arches are First Pointed, low and plain^
without mouldings, having between them a low circular
column with an early capital having the abacus. The
next pier eastward marks the division of the chancel,
and has an obtuse arched opening. The chancel has
two First Pointed arches opening to its aisle, plain
and without moulding, the pier circular with octagonal
capital. The arcade of tnis church is low and un-
graceftil : its division by intervals into three is to be
found elsewhere ; and though the arches diflTer slightly,
they all seem to be First Pointed. Even without the
galleries the church would be heavy and gloomy
within. The north chapel opens to the nave by two
rude First Pointed arches rising from a low circular
column with early capital and abacus, above which is
an obtuse-headed niche. The roof of the nave is coved,
with intersecting ribs. There is no clerestory, and a
range of stone corbels runs above the arcade. Some
windows are Middle Pointed, that at the east end of
the south aisle of three lights, and another on the
south side of two lights. Another on the south side
has three lancets under a containing arch, a form not
uncommon in Herefordshire and parts of South Wales.
Over the south door is a square-headed window of
two lights, more of Third Pointed character. The
east window of the chancel is late Third Pointed, of
five lights, with transom ; to the north and south of
278 NOTES ON THE OLDER CHURCHEST
it are Middle Pointed ones of two lights, of early
character. Under the southern one is a Pointed
piscina with stone shelf. On the south side of the
chancel is another recess in the wall. In the eastern
pier of the chancel arcade is a curious small arched
recess, set very low down, and trefoiled. The north
chapel has Middle Pointed windows of two lights, one
of which has two trefoil-headed lights within a seg-
mental arch, and sills coming down low. The chancel
is pewed quite to the altar-rails. The pulpit has
stone steps and a carved sounding-board. The north
side is closely encumbered with houses, and has very
few windows. An organ is in the west gallery.^
BRECON, CHRIST COLLEGE CHURCH.
June 12, 1869.
This interesting building, now in excellent con-
dition, and judiciously restored by G. G. Scott, is the
choir of the ancient college church, the nave being
disused and in ruins. The latter, however, can be
easily traced, and seems to have had a north aisle
only, of which the arcade is destroyed, all but the
eastern respond, which is octagonal ; and there seems
to have been a large west window, now gone. The
eastern portion of the south aisle, however, remains,
but excluded, and contains a double piscina and an
east window of three lights. The choir is a fine
specimen of Early English, lofty and elegant; has had
a new roof, ribbed, of cradle form. On the north side
are seven simple lancet windows, closely set, upon
shafts, and string beneath ; but there are no windows
on the south (save in the eastern portion), on which
side-buildings appear to have been attached. There
is, however, seen on this side a wood-doorway placed
high up, The east window is of five lancets, beneath
^ This cbnrob has been restored and reseated, the pews and gal-
leries having been removed. A new orgf|.n, a recent gift, stands at
the west end of the south aisle.
IN THE FOUR WELSH DIOCESES; 279
a general pointed arch. On the south side of the
altar is a double piscina, the arch trefoiled, and set
upon detached shafts ; also four sedilia, and a kind of
magnum sedile through which is a hagioscope. Over
these are some lancet windows, not extending further
westward. In the north wall is what appears to be
an Easter sepulchre, and just on the nortn of the east
window is a moulded bracket. The altar is raised,
and the sacrarium laid with new tiles. There is also
a new reredos and stone pulpit, and the choir is fitted
with chairs for divine service. Much of the ancient
building of the College still remains in the adjacent
school and Martin House. The fiinds of the College
have been most judiciously applied to the erection of
a good school, some of the ancient work being in-
corporated with the new, and the whole most credit-
ably executed.
LLANAVAN FAWR (sT. AVAK).
June 14th, 1869.
This church has an entirely modern look, but possibly
the walls may be original, though all ancient features
have disappeared. It stands within a vast church-
yard on an elevated site, commanding fine views of
the Epynt mountains. It is a long church with nave
and chancel, but no division between them, though
there is a kind of distinction in the roof between that
of the nave and that of the chancel ; and a western
tower, which is coarse and heavy, and without but-
tresses, and was, according to an inscribed tablet,
built by the parishioners in 1765. The doorway
within the south porch has an obtuse arch. All the
windows are modern ; the interior bare and cold.^
^ The tower of this church has been recently renovated, and is in
good condition. The rest of the church is now beiug rebuilt, the
dimensions, wMch were ezoessiTe^ being curtailed.
280 KOTfiS ON THE OLDER CHURCHES
LLANUANTEN (ST. CATHARINE?).
June 14tb, 1869.
This small church is situated far from anything like
a village, and consists of a nave and long chancel, with
wooden belfry over the west end. The walls may
perhaps be ancient, but no ancient feature remains,
unless the narrow single east window, of slit form,
with square top. The other windows are modem.
There is no west window. There is a south porch,
and a slight change in the roof marking the chancel.
The churchyard has a pretty site near the Ithon.^
LLANELLYW (ST. ELLYW).
June 13th, 1869.
This small church is in a lonely site in a retired
valley, bounded on one side by the Black Mountains,
and is in a sad state of neglect, the roof being so much
out of repair as to make it unfit for the performance
of service. It comprises nave and chancel only, with
south porch, and a dilapidated wooden belfry over the
west end. There is no chancel-arch, but a curious
rood-loft and screen ; the loft is unusually wide, and
has a double front on both east and west sides ; the
screen has three pointed arches with plain spandrels,
the whole retaining the ancient painting, the colour
red with white flowers, and on the west side a cross.
The boarding of the loft is carried quite up to the
roof, and has several pierced quatrefoil openings ; the
roof over the loft is coved and boarded. One satis-
faction in the present condition of the church, bad as
it is, is that there has been no modernising as yet,
and the original features remain. The east window
and north-eafit are long narrow single lights with
square head, but the internal face within has a pointed
arch. One south window is similar ; another has a
single pointed light. On the north are no windows
in the pp,ve. . At the west is a Perpendicular one of
^ This church has been recently rebuilt.
IN THE POUK WELSH DIOCESES; 281
two lights, square-headed. The chancel has a priest's
door on the south, a pointed recess in the east wall,
and on the south trace of piscina and aumbry. The
font has a plain octagonal bowl on a stem. The roof
open, now in wretched state. The walls are extern-
ally whitened. The churchyard is very large, and the
scenery beautiful. There are some rude old open
benches. The following epitaph occurs in the church-
yard :
*' earth of earth, obsenre this well !
That earth to earth must come to dwell ;
Then earth in earth must close remain
Till earth from earth doth rise again." (1800.)
LLANO Alf MARCH, BRECON.
May I8tb, 1851.
A mean church situated on an abrupt eminence.
There is no steeple nor belfry, and the windows are
wretchedly modernised. There was once a north
aisle, of which the arcade is visible, built into the
wall; the arches are pointed, and very rude; the
piers octagonal. There is a south porch. ^
LLANLLEONFEL.
Jaly 3rd, 1867.
This church presents a most deplorable object, con-
trasting painfully with the next (Llanwrtyd), being
literally m a state of ruin, with roof fiiU of holes,
interior dismanUed, windows unglazed, and long aban-
doned as unfit for divine service.* It consists of a
nave and chancel, undivided, with a wooden bell-cot
over the west end. There is literally no architectural
feature deserving the name. The wiiidows have wooden
muUions, and are modem. The porch has been de-
stroyed. One window, of lancet shape, south of the
chancel, is questionable. There is a debased wood-
screen, separating the chancel, of three-arched com-
^ This church has heen restored or rebuilt in mean style.
^ The church has been rebailt fairly welL
282 NOTES ON THE OLDER CHUUCHEd
partments. The graves are torn up, and everything^
in a state that defies description. The font modem,
but upset ; altar removed. On the east wall are three
monumental wooden tablets, painted with inscrip-
tions, respectively to Howel Gwynne of Bringoye, oh.
1708 ; Marmaduke Gwynn de Garth, jurisconsultus,
1712; and another Marmaduke Gwyn, with laudatory
inscription in Latin.
LLANWRTYD (ST. DAVID).
Jalj 2nd, 1867.
This church, of the common Welsh form, has lately
been nicely restored, and is in good condition. It has
nave and chancel, with south porch, and over the
west end a bell-cot for one bell in open arch. The
nave is long, and there is no chancel-arch. Some
of the original windows remain ; on the north, one,
square-headed and labeled. Perpendicular, of three
trifoHated lights. Some others are new, of like cha-
racter ; but the east window is a new Decorated one
of two lights. The benches are all open and new.
The font modem. The wall projects externally on
the south side near the east end of the nave, but there is
no indication within. There is a closed west door, but
no west window. The porch is very large; the outer
doorway rude, with continuous arch. The site is
charming, looking over the Irvon, amidst sylvan scenes,
with hanging woods and much fern.
PATRISHOW (ST. ISHOW).
19 May 1864.
A very interesting little church, from the ecclesiolo-
gical curiosities which it contains. Its secluded but
very beautifid position has probably been the cause of
its having been so little disturbed. As a building it
is not particularly remarkable, except for the curious
chapel added to the west end. It nas, in great mea-
sure, escaped modern alterations, but no part seems to
be earlier than Perpendicular in period.
The plan is merely a nave and chancel with south
IN THE FOUR WELSH DIOCESES. 283.
porch j and a western chapel not open to the nave.
Over the west end of the nave is a wooden bell-cot.
The chapel, as seen from the south, seems as if it were
a later appendage ; made, as is sometimes the case, for
a school. The whole of the exterior walls are white-
washed. There are no windows on the north, which
is often the case in small, remote churches. Those on
the south and at the east end are square-headed and
labeled, of two lights (one of three), and one has been
badly altered. There is a small window at the west
of the nave, now mutilated and closed, and placed to
the north of the western chapel, which is not equal to
the nave in width. The roof is open, coved, and ribbed,
with bosses. The chancel-arch is pointed, on octagonal
columns. The chancel has an ugly, modem ceiling
encroaching on the arch.
The great ecclesiological curiosities are the rood-loft
with its appendages, and the two stone altars which
stand on its west side, in the angles, besides the ori-
ginal altar in the western chapel.
The rood-loft and screen are fairly complete, though
out of repair. The screen has had some of its tracery
broken. The loft has some very good open tracery,
and fine bands of foliage, and a course of Tudor flowers.
The two altars placed against it are plain, wholly of
stone, and some marks of the original crosses may be
discerned on the slabs. In the north wall is a small
projection containing the steps which lead to the loft,
and are pretty perfect. They are approached through
a pointed doorway, and lighted by small slits. There
is a small window of three lights with square head and
label, giving light to the rood-loft on the south.
Against the east wall of the chancel are two stone cor-
bels set low. The font has a circular bowl on a low
stem.^
The western chapel is about coeval with the church,
and is entered on the south by a plain, pointed door-
^ For tbo carious inscription aronnd the rim, see Third Series,
vol. ii, p. 286.
2S4 NOTES ON THE OLDER CHURCHES
way. It has a solid wall to the east, a^inst which is
a third original stone altar ; to the north of which, in
the wall, is a pointed, trefoiled niche and two stone
steps. Ob the south is a single-light window, trefoiled,
and on the west side an obtuse-headed, small window,
closed. The south porch contains a etoup. On the
south side of the chancel, externally, is the plain stone
ledge seen also in Vonchurch and other churches of
the neighbourhood. There is a curious old poor-box
of wood. The interior is flagged, and poorly fitted up,
and very dark.
Fatrlghoir Foau
There is the shaft of a cross in the churchyard,
which has a lych-gate.
The situation is striking, on an' eminence so steep
that the latter part of the ascent is more like a stair- j
I
IN THE FOUR WELSH DIOCESES. 285
case, and inaccessible to carriages. The view is lovely
over the neighbouring beautiful valley and woody hills.
TALACHDDU (ST. MARY).
22 AngUBt 1861.
A small church having only chancel and nave, with
south porch and a wooden cage for a bell over the west
end. The walls outside are whitewashed. The porch
has stone seats and a good arched roof of timber. The
outer doorway is plain and pointed ; the inner has a
flat arch. Part of the west end is cut oflF to be used
as a school, and the interior is choked with pews. The
pulpit closely adjoins the altar. The chancel-arch is a
rude pointed one, without imposts. There is a fair
coved roof, ribbed, with bosses, both in the chancel and
nave. The windows are mostly poor, late, and square-
headed ; that at the east has three lights, without
foliation or label.
TALGARTH, BRECON.
May 19, 1851.
A large church for Wales, consisting of nave and
chancel, each with south aisle, a transeptal chapel on
the north, and a tall western tower. The whole appears
to be Third Pointed of rather a coarse and ordinary
kind. There is a very large south porch, the door-
arches of which are continuous, and within it a stoup.
The tower has a battlement absurdly whitewashed;
most of its apertures are merely slits, but the belfry-
windows are of two lights. There is no original west
door, and there are two horizontal strings of division.
The walls of the nave are whitewashed* The arcade
within is of five bays, one within the chancel ; the
arches wide and low, of rather plain kind ; the piers
octagonal. The roofs are coved, the south aisle paneled,
the nave has tie-beams. A singular appearance (by no
means happy) is produced by the raising of part of the
tiled roof in a domical form, — evidently a modern alter-
ation. The windows are, some square-headed, of two
286 :hotes ok the older chueches
and three lights, some pointed. The tower-arch to
the nave is plain and stilted. The transept has been
entirely modernised, and is now used as a school ; but
a low arch upon square piers, apparently original, opens
from it to the chancel. The east window of the south
aisle is Third Pointed, of three lights ; that of the
chancel appears to have been altered, but also of three
lights, which are trefoiled. The font has a cylindrical
bowl on similar stem. There are remains of a rood-
screen in the chancel, and part of the corner of the
rood-loft may be seen. There is a barrel-organ.
In the churchyard are fine yew-trees and a lych-
gate. At Easter this church is dressed with box-
branches.^
TRALLWNG (ST. DAVID).
29 Jane 1855.
This little church, though situated on an eminence,
can scarcely be seen until the churchyard is reached,
the edifice being extremely low, and masked by trees.
It has an undivided chancel, and nave without aisles ;
a north porch, and a mean bell-cot, of wood plastered,
over the west end. The walls are whitewashed. On
the north side is a window of two trefoil-heaxied lights
and one single one ; on the south of the chancel a
double one, similar, but more acute. The east window
has three obtuse lights trefoiled. The interior is truly
wretched, — dark, and pewed up to the east end, and
the western portion is separated in order to form a
schoolroom. The roof is ceiled. The porch is a rude
mixture of wood and stone.
The view from the churchyard is very fine, command-
ing the Beacons.
^ This chnroh has been well restored.
IN THE FOUR WELSH DIOCESES. 287
CRICKADARN (ST. MARy).
April 24th, 1865.
This church is on an eminence, and comprises a
wide body without distinct chancel, western tower,
and south porch. The walls externally whitewashed,
except the tower. It is of the usual rude Welsh type,
and not an unfavourable specimen. The walls are
rather low, and seem to lean outwards. The roof is
ceiled, but just over what is the boundary of the
chancel there remains a beam with rude timbers above
it. On the north of the nave is one single lancet, and
near the east end on the same side a double lancet,
but of doubtful period. Two windows on the south
are square-headed, of two lights, with rather a Deco-
rated look. The east window. Perpendicular, of three
lights. The interior has a dark and comfortless look,
but is fitted with new open seats. The altar is a
chest, on the south of it a rude arched recess. The
font has an octagonal bowl. There is a slate mural
monument, 1649. The tower-arch is of Tudor fonn,
plain, and very wide. The tower has no buttresses,
but the swelling base, and a battlement, belfry win-
dows of two obtuse lights, and some plain slit-like
openings. At the north-east a square stair-turret,
embattled, and rising above the parapet of the tower.
The porch is of wood, and has a good old open timber
roof with foliation. There is an enclosed pew with
wood-carving, a.d. 1666.
EURAL DEANERY OF GOWER.
ILSTON (ST. ILTYd).
AnguBt 1851.
An interesting specimen of a church of Gower,
lately put into a creditable state of order and repair,
and beautifully situated on a sloping bank finely shaded
288 NOTES ON THB OLDER CHUBCHES
by trees. It comprises a chancel, with south chapel,
nave, and a tower on the south side of the nave.
The latter is peculiar, being low and rude, and un-
usually large and massive, partaking quite of a castel-
lated character. It has no openings, but mere slits,
and no stringcourse ; a plain battlement, which in
the centre of the south side rises into a low gable ;
and the roof is of saddle form. The east and west
faces have corbel-tables under the battlement. The
tower is vaulted within, and opens to the nave by a
rude low obtuse arch. The chancel-arch is Pointed,
springing immediately from the wall, without mould-
ing. The west end of the nave has a Middle Pointed
window, of two lights. On the north is a lancet,
trefoiled, and one Transitional, from First to Middle
Pointed, of two lights, with foiled circle above, and
no hood. There seem to have been no windows
originally on the north. The east window has three
lancet-lights beneath a Pointed arch, the hood having
crowned heads for corbela On the north of the
chancel is a lancet restored, if not quite new. The
ground being very uneven, causes an unusual ascent
eastward, and there are two sets of steps in the
chancel. The chancel-arch is not in the centre, whence
arises a crooked look. The font has an octagonal
bowl on similar stem. In the noi'th wall of the
chancel an arched recess.
PENMAEN.
80 Aagnst 1861.
This church has been almost wholly rebuilt, but in
a meritorious manner, not out of keeping with the
prevailing character of the district. It has now a
nave, with short north aisle (which is a recent addition),
and chancel, and south porch. Over the west end a
pretty new bell-cot. The walls are old. The arcade
to the aisle has two Pointed arches on octagonal
pillar. The chancel-arch is Pointed, on shaft corbels.
IN THE FOUR WELSH DIOCESES. 289
In the nave the windows have the common two lights
with trefoil head. In the chancel are lancets on the
south; and the east window, more ornate, has shafts.
The font has an octagonal bowl on stem. The pulpit,
a new one, of stone. The seats all open, and there is
a harmonium. From the churchyard is a splendid view
of Oxwich Bay.
PENNARD (ST. MARY).
August 1851.
This church is more modernised than most others in
Gower. It has only a chancel and nave, a small north
transept, with a small steeple at the west end, crowned
by a modern spire. The said turret is oblong, the long-
est sides being east and west; has a battlement with
corbel-table, and a slit-like opening in the belfry-
story. There is also a second corbel-table lower down.
No buttresses. On the west side, a double window of
two ogee-headed trefoiled lights, now closed. There
are no windows on the north of the chancel, and those
on the south of the nave are modernised. The chancel-
arch is an obtusely-pointed one, on imposts, and very
plain. The chancel has on the south a low lancet
window, closed, and another lancet with a hard mould-
ing of bold toothed ornament. The east window is
Third Pointed, square-headed, of two lights, and
labeled. Over the east gable is a large cross. The
roofs are modem and slated ; the whole is in a neat
state.
(To he continued,)
8th ser., vol. ir, 19
290
1
KEPORT ON EXCAVATIONS AT STRATA
FLORIDA ABBEY, CARDIGANSHIRE.^
The Cambrian Archaeological AssociatioD, at their last
annual meeting, having made a grant of £6 towards
the expenses of exploring the ruins of Strata Florida
Abbey, I have now the pleasure of reporting to the
Association the result of the excavations that have been
made. Work was commenced in June last, and within a
week I had cleared enough of the ground to enable
me to define the general outline of the abbey church ;
and during the past week I have, thanks to the kind
assistance of one of our members (to whom I am
indebted for further aid), been able to so far continue
the excavations that I am now in a position to lay
before you a general plan of the church and chapter-
house, and some details of the very beautiful archi-
tecture of one of the finest ecclesiastical buildings in
Wales. To give you some idea of its size, I will place
before you the relative dimensions of some Welsh
cathedrals and abbeys which can be compared with
the dimensions of Strata Florida Abbey.
Total
Length
Breadth
of Nave
length of
TranaeptB,
inclnding
Central
Tower.
u
Square of
Lantern,
Central
Tower.
Length of
Choir.
1^
Name.
Length.
of Nave.
and
Aiales.
Bread
Trana
Bread
CbC
Strata Florida Abbey
213' 0"
132' 0"
61' 0"
117' 3"
28' 0*
28' 0"
62*6-
28" 0-
St. David's Cathedral*
208 10
127 4
51 3
116
27 8
27
63 6
30 3
St. Asaph Cathedral* .
—
86
68
108
—
29 6
—
—
Bangfor Cathedral*
ii—
116
60
96
—
-—
—
~—
Llandaff Cathedral^ .
..
107
70
—
.^
—.
~—
Abbey Cwmhir* .
—
242
69 10
135 8
32
—
—
—
Brecon Priory Church
170
107
34
114
—
29
84
29
Neath Abbey
^■"
110
^^^^
110
•^~
"~*
— "
^ Read at the Annual Meeting at Denbigh, August 2drd, 1887.
' As built by Bishop Peter de Leili.
^ Other dimensions not known.
* Ditto. * Ditto. No transepts.
^ Never completed.
EXCAVATIONS AT STRATA FLORIDA. 291
This abbey was founded by Rhys ap Gruffyrdd, Prince
of South Wales, and not by Rhys ap Tewdwr, his
grandfather. I believe the establishment founded by
Rhys ap Tewdwr was the *' Hen Mynachlog", or old
abbey, situated on the banks of the river Flfir, some
distance from the site of the abbey founded by his
grandson, which is situated on the strip of land
between the rivers Teifi and Glasffrwd, and was prob-
ably commenced about the year 1150, when Rhys ap
Gruffydd was a young man, and completed about 1203.
Rhys ap Gruffydd's charter was given and confirmed by
him, in 1184, in the church of St. Bridget at Rhayader,
and therein he speaks of it as '^ the monastery he had
built'*. There is not time this evening to go care-
fully into the records that exist of this abbey ; but
the following important events in connection with its
history may be mentioned.
A.i>. 1164. The monks appear to have first entered
into possession.
A.D. 1204. This year the monks entered upon their
new church, which it is stated in the records " was
handsomely built".
The same year, on the eve of St. James the Apostle,
died Gruffydd ap Rhys, the founder of Strata Florida,
having assumed the religious habit, and was buried
there. Then follows, in the Chronicles of the Welsh
Princes, a long list of illustrious princes and nobles
who from time to time were buried in the abbey and
chapter-house.
In 1239 all the princes and great barons of Wales
assembled at Strata Florida, and there swore fealty to
David ap Llewelyn ap lorwerth. In 1247 Gruffydd,
Abbot of Strata Florida, made peace with the King in
respect of a debt long owing from the monastery, the
King forgiving them half the amount, viz., 350 marks,
on their undertaking to pay the remainder at certain
specified times.
1254. The great bell was brought to Strata Florida,
and consecrated by the Bishop of Bangor. It is a
19«
292 EXCAVATIONS AT STRATA FLORIDA.
tradition in the district that at the dissolution of the
monasteries, in the reign of Henry VIII, this great
bell was removed to St. Paul's Cathedral in London.
In 1295 (23 Edward) the monastery was partially de-
stroyed by jBre during the wars between King Edward I
and the Welsh. The King, in his charter dated 30th
March 1300 (28 Edw.), gave the monks permission to
rebuild, together with a grant of £78, upon condition
that they cut down the woods and repaired the roads
in the vicinity under the direction of his Justiciary of
West Wales.
From that time until the Dissolution, in the reign
of Henry VIII, all records have perished, and it is to
the building itself, or what remains of it, that we must
look for the subsequent history of this magnificent
foundation, which may fairly be described as the West-
minster Abbey of Wales.
At the period of the dissolution of the monasteries
the abbey was visited by Leland, and the following is
his description of the building : —
" The church of Strateflere is larg, side ilid and
crosse ilid. The fundation of the body of the church
was made to have been 60 Foote lengger than it is
now. By is a large cloyster, the fratry and infirmitori
be now mere ruines. The Coemeteri wherein the
cunteri about doth buri is veri large and meanely
wauUid with stoone. In it be xxxix great hue trees.
The base court or camp afore the abbay is veri fair
and large."
The plan accompanying this report shows in black
the portions of the walls which were above ground at
the time when I commenced the excavations, and
the part which is etched shows the general outline of
the foundations so far as they have been determined
up to the present time. Careful measurements were
made as the work pi'oceeded, and from these measure-
ments I have been able to deduce the plan accompany-
ing this report, and, in addition, accurate drawings
have been made of all mouldings and carved stone-
1
EXCAVATIONS AT STRATA FLORIDA. 293
work that have been found. The principal portion of
the ruins visible above ground before the commence-
ment of the excavations was a fragment of the west
wall of the abbey church, comprising the great west
doorway and the west window of the south aisle.
The former is in a very good state of preservation,
and in design is probably unique, as I am not aware
of any example in England or Wales at all like it ; it
consists of a deeply-recessed semicircular arch with
five nook shafts set in square jamb moulds carried
completely round the arch without any break, and
with bold moulded bands, six on each side, and one in
the line of the centre of the keystone, terminating on
the wall-face with a richly-sculptured ornament re-
sembling a pastoral staff, the carving being very good,
and the ornament well designed, the keystone orna-
ment being double and reversed.
On the right of the doorway is the space occupied
by the western buttress of the south arcade, which I
found corresponded with the line of piers, and south
of that is the west window of the south aisle of the
nave, a plain and very early Pointed Transitional or
semi-Norman window, which apparently was not glazed
originally, there being no grooves for the glass ; but
it was recessed for a shutter, and the holes are still in
existence, showing how the window was probably
glazed at a later period. The rear arch of this win-
dow has been destroyed ; it was probably moulded
and carried upon attached shafts. The rear arch of
the western doorway is modem, having been inserted
by the late Col. Powell of Nanteos some years ago,
with a view to protect the western doorway from
further dilapidation.
At the north-west angle of the north transept still
stands a fragment of the wall, about forty feet above
the ground-level; internally, a small portion of the
moulded stringcourse remains, and there are traxses of
an angle-shaft with its carved capital ; externally, at
about the same level, is a fragment of a stringcourse.
294 EXCAVATIONS AT STRATA FLORIDA.
which in all probability was the base of a great three-
light window, which lighted the northern transept.
During the last winter a considerable portion of this
fragment fell, and the remainder will soon follow
unless some steps are taken to preserve it. With the
exception of the fragments mentioned above, nothing
whatever remained above ground, and the entire site
of the abbey church was a mass of shapeless mounds
and dSbris ; the site of the monastic buildings being
partially covered by the modern farmhouse, and of
these very few traces remain. I found that the
threshold of the western doorway was buried beneath
about three feet of accumulated earth, and my first
step was to clear this away, and thuH ascertain the
level of the floor. From the centre of the doorway I
set out a line through the building, and, by means of
a trench cut through the eastern wall of the choir, I
ascertained the total length to be 213 feet within the
walls. The line of the western wall of the north transept
was then followed until I came upon the north-eastern
angle of the north wall of the nave, where I found the
respond of the arch between the north aisle and tran-
sept; continuing the excavation in the same direc-
tion, I was fortunate in finding the north-western pier
of the great central tower, and at the level of the
floor was discovered the first piece of tiling in situ in
the floor of the north transept, just inside the archway
from the porth aisle. Having thus ascertained the
situation of these important points, I was enabled to
set out and sink down to the south wall and the
north-western angle of the nave, giving a total width
of nave and aisles of sixty-one feet. The general
direction of the piers of the nave was ascertained, and
suflSciently excavated to show that there were seven
arches in the nave arcade. Fragments found in the
immediate vicinity of the piers which have been un-»
covered lead me to believe that the nave arcade was
of pointed arches richly moulded, and carried on square
piers with semicircular attached shafts on the line of
EXCAVATIONS AT STRATA FLORIDA. 295
the arches carrying the inner members, and with
three-quarter nook shafts in square recessed jamb-
moulds carrying the outer members of the arcade ; on
the outside of each pier was a respond, apparently-
intended to cany an arch, and with the intention
eventually of vaulting the aisles ; but I have not yet
been able to discover a corresponding respond on the
north and south walls of the aisles. I do not think
the nave or aisles were ever vaulted. The whole of
the piers of the great central tower have been par-
tially uncovered, and it will be noticed, upon reference
to the plan, that they do not correspond, the western
piers corresponding with the line of the nave arcade,
and the eastern piers with the line of arcades which
opened into the eastern chapels of the north and south
transept, the effect of whicn, when perfect, must have
been very grand. I have not yet uncovered enough
of the ruins to speak with any degree of certainty as
to the arches which formed the lantern of the great
central tower, but I am inclined to believe they were
pointed, and, from some fragments that have been found,
they were evidently richly moulded. The shafts support-
ing the inner members of the lantern arches were semi-
circular, and attached to the square piers, the outer
members being carried on three-quarter nook shafts.
The bases are of late Norman or Transitional type.
In continuing the excavation along the line of the
north transept wall, I came upon the respond of the
arcade of the north-eastern chapel of the north tran-
sept, and immediately beyond found a circular turret
staircase, which evidently was the approach to the
triforium and the upper stages of the central tower ;
continuing on this line I came upon the north-eastern
angle of the chapel, and by following it in a southern
direction, I was enabled to trace the three eastern
chapels of the north transept, and further excavations
revealed a corresponding series of chapels in the south
transept. These chapels were evidently groined, as I
found fragments of the groin ing-ribs, and there was a
296 EXCAVATIONS AT STRATA FLORIDA.
striDgcourse, about eight feet above the floor-level,
running round each chapel ; and in each angle a three-
quarter shaft, springing from an elegantly carved
bracket, carried the groin-ribs. I found in the south-
eastern chapel of the south transept one of these
brackets quite perfect^ and in the adjoining chapel a
fragment of another in situ. Tn this chapel I also
found a fragment of beautiful dog-tooth moulding,
and tn situ a most perfect specimen of the exquisite
glazed incised tiles, which have been used throughout
the building ; these were alternate squares of heraldic
griffins and dragons. Unfortunately, some visitors
from Aberystwith were stupid and ignorant enough to
break up this fine piece of work for the sake of carry-
ing away some hsdf-dozen or so of the tiles, a proof
that it will be necessary, when once the excavations
are completed, to place the ruins under the care of a
local committee, who will doubtless appoint a proper
custodian to see that no damage is done.
At the extreme eastern end of the choir I found
that the original level of the floor had been raised 1 ft.
6 in, at some later date, and an inferior class of tiles
used, and in so raising the floor the base of the angle-
shafts in the north and south-east angles of the choir
were buried ; the further excavation of the choir will
probably throw some light upon this alteration.
During the progress of the works, considerable
quantities of moulded stonework were turned up, por-
tions of arches, shafts, bwes, and caps of piers, and
fragments of carved work ; amongst the latter a very
artistic head of a monk, carved in a fine-grained stone,
either Caen or Bere stone ; the whole of the carved
work found is of the highest artistic character.
I found traces in every direction of the action of
fire upon the building ; fragments of charred wood
and melted lead turned up amongst the debris, llxe
walls had been plastered, and had been painted in
fresco at an early date — I should say before the fire in
1295 — as in one of the chapels I found the traces of
I -^■■^"V „
298 EXCAVATIONS AT STRATA FLORIDA.
two coats of plaster, the earlier one of which had
been painted in a kind of diaper pattern. The stone-
work of the chapels had also been painted, as I found
fragments of small mouldings which had evidently
been coloured with vermilion. After the restora-
tion, in 1300 or thereabouts, the monks had appa-
rently whitewashed their church, to hide the action
of fire upon the stonework, and the custom appears
to have continued, as I have found fragments of
mouldings with several coats of whitewash thereon.
Four kinds of stone were used for the piers, shafts,
mouldings, bases, and capitals, and other dressed stone-
work throughout the building, viz.: 1, a coarse kind
of hard sandstone, which appears to come from the
millstone-grit formation ; 2, a very fine-grained yellow
sandstone, from the new red sandstone series, much
like Grinshill stone, but which I think must have
come from somewhere on the South Wales coast,
where that class of stone is found ; 3, a fine purple
sandstone of a rather slaty texture, which I believe
came from the same quarries, at Caerfai, near St.
David's, as that used for St. David's Cathedral ; 4, a
considerable quantity of the work is executed in oolite,
or Bath stone, probably brought from Gloucestershire
or Somersetshire, and varying in texture. ^
The work appears to have been done in alternate
bands of coloured stone, as at St. David's Cathedral ;
and throughout the building there seems a wonderful
resemblance, in point of plan and general design, to
that portion of the cathedral built by Bishop Peter de
Lei&, who was consecrated in 1 1 76.
The fragments of tile pavements which have come
to light during the excavations are very beautiful, and
display great harmony of colouring; they consist of a
variety of patterns, which I shall illustrate fully in a
more detailed paper which I hope to prepare when the
excavations are completed.
In closing this report, I venture to hope that the
good work commenced of clearing away the accumula-*
PENNY CRICK TUMULUS. 299
tions of rubbish and dihris^ which covers what is left
of this magnificent building, will ere long be com-
pleted, and I would suggest that no time should be
lost in doing so. When the building has been cleared
and properly fenced, a local committee will be willing to
take over the care of it, and place a proper custodian iu
charge, and I feel certain that when the entire surface is
cleared, very many most interesting remains will be
discovered, illustrating the architecture and art of the
period when this abbey was founded.
Stephen W. Williams, F.RI.B.A.
PENNY CRICK TUMULUS IN GOWER.^
There is historical evidence to show that at or near
this spot there once existed an ancient British church,
called Llan-Pencrug (the church at the head of the
mound, or grave). This church was the subject of a
great dispute between Oudoceus, Bishop of Llandajff,
and Bivan, Abbot of Llantwit, and, after much con-
tention, it was granted to the Bishop and the Altar
of Llandaff for ever. The account is to be found in
the Liber Landavensis. We therefore know that this
tumulus existed in the sixth century, the time of
Bishop Ondoceus, and probably long before.
I should mention that Penny Crick is only a very
slightly corrupted form of the Welsh word Pen-y-crug
(the head of the mound or grave). The vitality of
these old names, and the way they sometimes linger
on, is truly wonderful, and in the present case has
been of the greatest service, enabling us to trace back
the history of this particular tumulus. Had the name
not lived on in the way it has, the site of Llan-Pen-
^ Head on the visit of the Association, Angnst 25th, 1886.
300 PENNY CRICK TUMULUS.
crug would never have been known, nor should we
have been able to fix an approximate age to this
tumulus. The notice of Llan Pencrug in the Liber
Landavensis is therefore of the greatest importance to
archaBological science, as it is direct evidence to show
that this form of burial is certainly as old as the sixth
century, and goes even further back. What renders
it all the more certain that we are right in identifying
Penny Crick with the Llan Pencrug of the Book of
Llandaff is the fact that Penny Crick is quite close to
a place called at the present day Crickton, again a
slight corruption of the Welsh Crug town (the heap,
i.e., the grave town), a locality which seems to have
terminated very appropriately with Pen-y-crug, And
as Llan Pencrug is stated to have been a church in
Gower, there is no reasonable doubt that the identity
of the place is sufficiently proved.
J. D. Davies.
301
LLYFR SILIN.
TN CYNNWYS ACHAU AMRYW DEULUOBDD
YN NGWYNEDD, POWYS, ETC.
(Continued from p. 224. j
PEN Y GARTH YN ABERTANAD.
John Meredydd ap Hugh Meredydd ap Thomas ap
Meredydd ap leuan ap Deio ap Madoc ap EiDion ap
Gruffydd ap Einion Barwn o Abertanad.
Mam Deio ap Madoc oedd Efa verch ac etifeddes
Gruffydd ap Bleddyn Llwyd o'r Bryn yn swydd
Groes Oswallt.
Mam Meredydd ap leuan ap Deio oedd Margred yr
hynaf o fercned ac etifeddesau Howel Goch ap
lolyn ap leuan Gethin.
Mam Hugh Meredydd oedd R verch Robert
Tanat o Flodwel fechan.
Mam John Meredydd oedd verch ac etifeddes
Richard Lloyd yr Aer. Cais Ach Llwynymaen.
GLANTANAT.
Moris Lloyd ap Simon ap William ap Dafydd ap
William Lloyd ap Thomas ap Reinallt ap Gruffydd ap
Howel ap Madoc ap lorwerth goch o Fochnant.
Gwraig Simon Lloyd yw Sian verch Moris Mathews
o r Bystock.
Gwraig Moris Lloyd yw Cattrin Davies verch John
Da vies o'r Glasgoed yn Llansilin.
Mam William Lloyd ap Dafydd oedd Ann verch
Moris Wynn o Foelyrch ap Llew. ap leuan ap
leuan Fychan ap leuan Gethin ap Madoc
Kyffin.
302 LLYFR SILIN.
Mam Moris Wynn oedd Sian verch yr hfin Sion Ed-
ward o'r Waun ap lorwerth ap leuan ap Adda.
Cais Ach Sion Edward.
Mam Dafydd Lloyd ap William oedd Lowri verch
Owen ap leuan ap Dafydd o Fochnant.
Mam William Lloyd ap Thomas ap Reinallt oedd
Elen verch Dafydd Lloyd ap Dafydd ap Mere-
dydd : chwaer un fam un dad a Pirs Lloyd o
Glanhavon.
Mam Elen oedd Mallt verch Howel fychan ap Howel
ap Gruffydd ap Siankin o Llwydiarth.
Mam Reinallt ap Gruffydd ap Howel oedd Angharad
verch Dafydd Vychan ap Dafydd ap Madoc
Kyffin.
Mam Ann verch Morys Wynn o Foelyrch oedd Gwen-
hwyfar Lloyd verch Dafydd Lloyd ap Thomas
o Fodlith.
Mam Gwenhwyfar oedd Sioned verch Edward ap
Rys ap Dafydd ap Gwilym. Cais Ach Eg-
Iwyseg.
Plant Thomas ap Reinallt o Elen verch Dafydd Lloyd
oedd Wilham Lloyd, Robert o'r Keel yn Llan-
gedwvn, Hugh, Moris a Reinallt gwr o'r Gard :
ac o Arched, Sina gwraig Moris ap Meredydd
o Lloran ; Sian gwraig Oliver ap David; a Gwen
gwraig leuan ap Thomas ap Gruffydd Lloyd,
mam Robert ap leuan o Lanhafon.
Dafydd Lloyd ap Dafydd ap Meredydd \ oeddent
Howel Lloyd ap Dafydd ap Meredydd J Frodyr.
lorwerth Goch o Fochnant ^ oeddent Feibion i
leuan Crach > leuan Foelfrych ap
ac leuan Caereinion ) lorwerth fychan.
ABERKYNLLETH. BRON 'R ATHRO.
Thomas Wynn ap Richard^ Wynn ap John' ap
^ Jane, bis wife, baried at Llangedwjn, Oct 12, 1698.
^ Born Jan. 1634; baried at Llangedwyn, May 24, 162^2. His
wife, Sarah, was baried at Llangedwyn, Jaly 31, 1683 ; his mother,
Gwen Qraffyth, was baried at Llangedwyn, Oct. 30, 1640.
LLYFR SILTN. 303
Richard^ ap Moris* ap Sion^ Wynn ap Sion ap Sir Rein-
allt ap leuan ap Gruffydd ap Howel ap Madoc ap lor^
werth Goch o Fochnant.
Thomas Wynn a briododd Mary verch a bu
farw yn ddiblant o honi hi ; ond fe gafodd etifedd o un
arall sef Elizabeth verch o Fron y r Athro.
Mam Richard Wynn ap Moris oedd Siwsan Eanaston
verch Edward Kinaston (mal Hordle).
Mam Moris Wynn oedd Margred verch Hugh ap
Hugh ap Moris ap leuan ap Howel ap loTyn ap
leuan Gethin ap Madoc Kyffin.
Mam Sion Wynn ap Sion oedd Margred verch ac
etifeddes Mathew ap Dafydd ap Madoc ap leuan
ap Meredydd ap Llew. ap Gruffydd Uwyd ap
Llew. foelgrwn o'r Main.
Mam Sion ap Sir Reinallt oedd Kattrin verch y Badi.
Mam Sir Reinallt ap leuan ap Gruffydd ap Howel
oedd Ales verch Meredydd ap lolyn ap leuan
Gethin ap y Kyffin ; a merch arall i Meredydd
ap lolyn oedd gwraig Gruffydd fychan ap
Dafydd ap Rys o Werklys.
Mam leuan ap Gruffydd ap Howel oedd Angharad
verch Dafydd fychan ap Dafydd ap Madoc
Kyffin o Gartheryr.
Mam Margred verch Hugh ap Hugh oedd Lowri
verch ac un o ddwy etifeadesau Sion Wynn ap
Meredydd ap Tudt ap leuan Llwyd ap Llew.
goch.
Mam Hugh ap Hugh oedd Damasin verch Edward
Trefor Constabl Croesoswallt ; a'r un Damasin
a fu yn briod a Dafydd ap Gruffydd ap Madoc
ac ydoedd fam i Edward ap Dafydd o'r CoUfryn.
Hugh ap Moris a fu farw o'r comwyd cyn geni
Hugh ap Hugh.
^ Baptised at Llangedwyn, May 21, 1602.
' Oh, April 27, 1635 ; buried at Llangedwyn. Hia wife, Joan
Kinaston, was buried at Llangedwyn, Feb* 17, '*anno regni Regis
Caroli octavo, 1632."
* Buried at Llangedwyn, Oct. 6, 1611.
304 LLYFR SILIN.
Mam Hugh ap Moris oedd Damasin verch leuan
Lloyd ap Dafydd Lloyd o Abertanat.
Mam Damasin oedd Mawd Wenn verch ac etifeddea
Dafydd Lloyd ap leuan ap Gruffydd ap leuan
ap Madoc. Nai, fab Brawd oedd Dafydd Llwyd
i Sir Gruffydd fychan o Bowys.
Mam Mawd Wenn oedd Ales verch Gruffydd Han-
mer ap Siankin ap Sir Dafydd Hanmer.
Moris ap leuan ap Howel \ oeddynt
Howel ap leuan ap Howel J Frodyr.
GLANHAVON,
Oliver Lloyd ap Peers Lloyd ap Howel Lloyd ap
Dafydd ap Meredydd o'r Bala, ap Howel ap Tudr ap
Gronw ap Gruffydd ap Madoc ap lorwerth ap Madoc
ap Ririd Flaidd Argl. Penllyn.
Mam Peers Lloyd oedd Mali verch Howel fychan ap
Howel ap Gruffydd ap Siankin : chwaer un fam
un dad a Sion ap Howel fychan.
Mam Howel Lloyd oedd Lowri verch Dafydd ap
Llew. ap Einion ap Gruff, ap Llew. ap Cynfrig
o'r y Deirnion.
Mam Lowri oedd Margred verch Sion ap Robert ap
Richard ap Sir Roger Pilston.
Gwraig Peers Lloyd oedd Kattrin verch ac etifeddes
Gruffydd ap Thomas ap Howel ap leuan Lloyd
ap Dafydd fychan ap Gruffydd ap Ali ap lor-
werth ap Heilin.
Mam Kattrin oedd Tanw. verch Dafydd ap leuan ap
Dafydd ap Einws.
Brodyr un dad oedd Howel Lloyd ap Dafydd ap
Meredydd a Ehydderch ap Dafydd ap Meredydd,
ond nid un fam. Cais ymhellach yn Ach Lewis
Gwyn o'r Bala.
GLANHAVON.
Robert Lloyd ap Thomas Lloyd {ob. 1680) ap Robert
LLYFR SILIN. 305
ap leuan ap Thomas ap Gruffydd Lloyd ap leuan ap
Gruffydd fyclian ap Gruffydd ap leuan ap Heilin ap
leuan ap Adda Goch Argl. Mochnant to Brochwel Ys-
gythrog.
Gwraig Robert* Lloyd yw Elizabeth^ verch Harri
Thomas ap Dafydd ap Sion ap Dafydd ap leuan
ap Owen ap leuan fychan ap leuan ap Heilin
ap leuan ap Adda fal o'r blaen.
Mam Robert Lloyd oedd Margred verch ac etifeddes
Sion ap Dafydd ap Thomas ap Howel ap Bedo
ap Siankin o Rhiwargor. Fel Ach Eunant.
Mam Thomas Lloyd oedd Sioned verch ac etifeddes
hynaf Sion ap Edward ap Thomas o'r Rhiwlas
ap Eys ap Gutyn ap Gruffydd ap leuan Gethin
ap Madoc Kyffin.
Mam Robert ap leuan oedd Gwen Lloyd verch Tho-
mas ap Reinallt ap Gruffydd ap Howel ap Madoc
ap lorwerth Goch o Fochnant.
Mam Gwen Lloyd oedd Elin verch Howel ap Dafydd
Lloyd ap Dafydd ap Meredydd : chvvaer un
fam un dad a Peers o Lanhafon.
Mam leuan ap Thomas ap Gruffydd Lloyd oedd
Margred verch Owen ap leuan ap Dafydd
Fychan ap Einion ap Sir Gruffydd Foel, brawd
i Heilin oV Frongoch neu Gelynog y rwan.
Mam Thomas ap Gruffydd Lloyd oedd Margred verch
leuan ap Gruffydd o Trewern, ap Howel ap
Madoc ap lorwerth Goch.
Mam leuan ap Gruffydd fychan oedd Tangwystl ferch
Gruffydd ap leuan Gethin.
Plant Thomas Lloyd oedd Mr. John Lloyd^ a briododd
Catrin ferch Mr. Watkin Kyffin o'r Glasgoed,
a hi a fu farw heb blant ; ac wedyn efe a brio-
dodd ferch ag etifeddes Edmwnt Lloyd
o'r Drefnant, ac a fuont feirw heb blant.
Mr. Robert Lloyd a briododd Elizabeth verch Harri
Thomas fal o'r blaen. Gwen Lloyd a briododd Mr. John
1 Died before 1731.
2 Oh, 1731. Llanrhaiadr yn Mochnant Register. • Ob, 1684.
5th BKli., VOL. IV. 20
306 LLYFR SILIN.
Hughes mab Humphrey Hughes,Werklys ; Jane Lloyd
a briododd Mr. Egerton Wedgwood o StaflFordshire ;
Mary a briododd Panton, Cheshire ; Elizabeth a
briododd ; Sarah a briododd John Ellis o Himant.
[Thomas, son of Robert Lloyd of Glanhavon, married
Mary, daughter and heir of Robert Trevor of Trevor,
Esq.; and their daughter and heir, Mary Lloyd, mar-
ried John Lloyd of Pentrehobin, co. Flint, Esq. —
LM.]
MAESMOCHNANT.
m
Robert Wynn fab Robert Wynn ap Eichard ap Ro-
bert ap Moris Wynn ap Sion Wynn ap Meredydd ap
leuan ap Robert ap Meredydd ap Howel ap Dafydd
ap Gruffydd ap Cariadog ap Thomas ap Rodri ap Owen
Gwynedd.
Mam Robert Wynn langa yw Elizabeth ferch John
Jones o Ddol y Moch fab Richard Jones ap
John ap Richard ap Rys o'r Craflwyn.
Mam Elizabeth oedd Ann verch John ap Hugh ap
John ap Robert o Fraich y Bib.
Mam Robert Wynn yr ail oedd Sian verch Edward
ap Dafydd ap leuan o Llanwddyn ap Sion dda
ap leuan Crach.
Mam Richard Wynn oedd Kattrin verch ac etifeddes
Dafydd Lloyd ap William ap Dafydd Llwyd o
Benllyn ap Dafydd ap leuan fychan ap Gruflfydd
ap leuan ap Gruffydd ap Madoc ap lorwerth
ap Madoc ap Ririd Flaidd.
Mam Dafydd Lloyd ap William oedd Elen verch
Howel ap Dafydd ap Meiric fychan. Cais Ach
Nanne.
Mam Elin oedd Elin verch Robert Salsbri o Llan-
rwst.
Mam Kattrin verch Dafydd Lloyd ap William oedd
. . . verch ac etifeddes leuan Lloyd ap Gruffydd.
Mam Robert Wynn oedd Sian verch Sir Richard
Bwckle.
LLYFR SILIN. 307
Mam Moris Wynn oedd Elen verch Moris ap Sion
ap Meredydd. Cais ach Clenene neu Porkynton
A'i mam hithe oedd Angharad verch Elisse ap
Gruffydd ap Einion.
LLANIWRCH : MOCHNANT IS RHAIADR.
Henry Morgans fab Richard Morgans ap Henry Mor-
gans ap Richard ap Morgan ap Sion ap Rhytherch ap
Ithel ap lorwerth ap Einion ap Llewelyn ap Kynwric
ap Osber ap Gwyddlach larll Desmwnd yn y Werddon.
Mam Henry Morgans yw Gwen verch Elis ap Hugh
ap Morgan o Ben Machno.
Mam Gwen oedd verch Sion ap Morgan fychan
o*r Bryn Celynog ap Morgan ap Sion ap Rhyth-
erch.
Mam Richard Morgans iangaf oedd verch Gruff-
ydd ap Rys ap Meredydd o Fochnant Uwch
Rhaiadr.
Mam Henry Morgans hynaf oedd verch ac eti-
feddes leuan ap Dafydd ap leuan ap Einion o
Llaniwrch.
Mam Richard Morgan hynaf oedd Lowri verch Wil-
liam Beddkelert.
Mam Morgan ap Sion ap Rhytherch oedd Ales verch
Llewelyn fychan o Harddlech ap Llew. ap
Howel ap Ynyr ddu.
MAES MOCHNANT.
Edward Williams ap Thomas ap William ap Sion ap
William ap Meredith ap lolyu ap leuan Gethin
ap y Kyffin.
CAE HOWEL. Y MARCHOG GWYLLT.
Mr. Dafydd ap Rys ap Sion ap Roger ap Richard ap
Madoc ap Morgan ap Philip ap Gruffydd ap Gruffydd
fychan ap Sir Gruffydd ap lorwerth goch ap Meredydd
ap Bleddyn ap Cynfyn.
20 »
308 LLTFR STLIN.
CAE HOWEL.
George Clive, Esq ., ap Thomas ap Thomas ap Edward
Clive (o Warverton).
Edward Clive a briododd verch ac etifeddes
Thomas Lloyd ap Sion Lloyd ap Dafydd Lloyd ap
Llew. ap Deio ap Ririd ap Gruffydd ap Ririd ap Madoc
ap Ririd Flaidd.
Mam Sion Lloyd oedd Gwen verch ac un o etifeddes-
au Dafydd Lloyd ap Siankin ap Richard ap
Madoc ap Morgan ap Philip ap Gruffydd ap
Gruffydd fychan ap Sir Gruffydd (y Marchog
Gwyllt) ap lorwerth goch ap Meredydd ap
Bleddyn ap Cynfyn. Hon oedd Aeres Cae-
howel.
Mam Thomas Lloyd oedd Ann verch Tasper Kinaston
ap Piers Kinaston ap lenkin Kinaston. Fel
ach Fransis Kinaston.
Mam hono oedd Margred verch Sir Rondl Briwton.
Mam Gwen verch Dafydd Lloyd oedd Gwenhwyfar
verch Madoc ap Meredydd ap Adda fychan.
Mam hono oedd Mallt verch Gruffydd ap leuan
Gethin.
Mam lasper Kinaston oedd Margred verch Edward
ap Morgan. Gwel ach Otley neu Watle.
A Thomas Clive a werthodd Cae Howel i Ffransis
Bradox o Cae Howel.
G ARTHERYR : KEFN Y BUARTH.
Moris Wynn ap Sion Wynn ap Sion ap Sir Reinallt^
Person Llanarmon Dyffryn Ceiriog ap leuan ap Gruffydd
ap Howel ap Madoc ap lorwerth Goch o Fochnant.
Cais Ach Abercynlleth,
Mam Sir Reinallt oedd Ales verch Meredydd ap lolya
ap leuan Gethin ap y KyfRn.
Mam leuan ap Gruffydd oedd Angharad verch Dafydd
fychan ap Dafydd ap Madoc Kyffin o Fochnant.
Mam Sion ap Sir Reinallt oedd Kattrin verch y Badi.
1 Sector of Llanarmon Dyffryn Ceiriog, 1537-68.
LLYFR SILIN. 309
Plant Sion ap Sir Reinallt oedd Sion Wynn ap Sion
ap Reinallt o Aberkynlleth.
EUNANT NEU CYNON.
Rys Wynn brawd Theodor Wynn ap Edward ap Rys
ap Edward Wynn ap Sion ap Davydd Fychan ap Bedo
ap Siankin ap Evan Caereinion to Idnerth Benvras
Catherin verch ac etifeddes Rys Wynn a briododd Mr.
John Hanmer o Bentrepant. Cais Ach Ben trepan t.
Mam Rys Wynn oedd Susan ap Theodor Morgan ap
Morgan ap John ap Rhydderch ap Ithel ap lor-
werth ap Einion ap Gruffydd ap Llewelyn ap
Kynwric ap Osber ap Gwyddlach.
Mam Edward Wynn ap Rys Wynn oedd verch
Howel fychan ap Sion ap Howel Fychan. Cais
Ach Llwydiarth.
Mam Edward ap Sion ap Dafydd fychan oedd
verch Meredydd ap leuan ap Rys o Llorau
ucha chwaer gwbl i Moris ap Meredydd.
EUNANT NEU CTNON.
John Lloyd ap John ap Richard Lloyd (Captain) Fel
Ach Llwyn y Maen.
Mam John Lloyd y'r wan (1723) yw verch Rys
Wynn o Gynon.
Plant Eunant y' rwan (1728) yw John uchod, ac
Edward, Meiric a Chattrin.
GLAN KYNLLETH NEU PEN Y BONT.
Edward Maurice, Esq., ap David Maurice ap David
Maurise ap Edward ap David Maurise ap Moris ap
Meredydd ap leuan ap Rys ap Dafydd ap Howel ap
GruSydd ap leuan Gethin ap Madoc Kyffin ap Madoc
Koch ap leva ap Kyhelyn ap Rhun ap Einion Efell, &c.
Mam Dafydd Maurice ap Edward Maurise oedd Ales
verch Andrew Maredydd o Lantanat.
Mam A lis oedd Dorithy verch Sion Owen Fychan o
Llwydiarth.
310 LLYFR SILIN.
Mam Edward Maurise oedd Katherin Mul vercli
Thomas Mill ap Robert Mul o Rhuthyn.
Mam Dafydd Maurise ap Meredydd oedd verch
Thomas ap Reinallt ap Gruffydd ap Howel ap
Madoc ap lorwerth Goch o Fochnant.
Mam Moris ap Meredydd oedd Ales verch Gruffydd
Lloyd ap leuan gwyo ap GruflFydd Fychaa : fel
Ach Glanbafon.
Plant Mr. Edward Moris o Ales verch Andrew Mere-
dydd o Lantanat oedd Dafydd Moris, Edward
Moris : ac o ferched Kattrin gwraig Edward
Lloyd o'r Maesmawr ; Dorithy, Damasin, Jesse,
Mary, Jann ag Ales.
LLORAN ISSA.
Dafydd Lloyd ap Thomas Lloyd ap Oliver ap Thomas
ap Dafydd Lloyd ap Thomas ap Dafydd Lloyd ap
Howel ap Moris ap leuan Gethin ap Madoc KyflSn.
Mam Dafydd Lloyd oedd Elizabeth verch Sion Hol-
and ap William Holand oV Hendre fawr ap
Dafydd ap Gruffydd ap Dafydd ap Robyn ap
Hoelkyn ap Thomas ap Sir Thomas Holand
Marchog.
Mam Sion Holand oedd Sian verch Meredydd Lloyd
ap Sion ap Owen o'r Ddiserth ap Sion ap Robyn
ap Gruffydd goch o'r Rhos.
Mam Sian Lloyd verch Meredydd oedd Kattrin
Konwy verch Hugh Konwy fychan ap Reinallfc
Konwy ap Hugh Konwy hSn, Esq., ap Robyn
ap Gruffydd goch o'r Rhos.
Mam Kattrin Konwy oedd Annes verch Owen ap
Meirig, chwaer un fam, un dad a Lewis ap
Owen ap Meiric.
Mam Meredydd Llwyd ap Sion ap Owen oedd Lowri
verch Moris ap Sion ap Meredydd ap leuan o
Efionydd. Fel Ach Klenane.
Mam Lowri verch Moris oedd Angharad verch Elisse
ap Gruffydd ap Einion.
LLYFR SILIN. 311
Mam Reinallt Konwy ap Hugh Konwy hen oedd
Elizabeth verch Thomas Salsbri h^n ap Harri
ap Rowling Salsbri. Cais Ach. Lleweni.
Mam Hugh Konwy hSn oedd Erddylad verch leuan
ap Tudr lap Dafydd ap Einion fychan ap Einion
ddu ap Kynfrig fychan ap Kynfrig ap Gwgan
ap Idnerth ap Nethan.
Mam Erddylad oedd Mallt verch Rys ap Grufiydd
ap Madoc Gloddaith.
Mam William Holand o'r Hendrefawr oedd Ales
verch Sir William Gruffydd hynaf o'r Penrhyn.
Mam Ales oedd Elizabeth verch Robert Grae Con-
stabl Rhuthyn.
Mam Elizabeth verch Sion Holand oedd Margred
verch William ap leuan Lloyd o Llansannan ap
Dafydd ap Meredydd ap Dafydd Lloyd Gruf-
fydd ap Kynwric ap Bleddyn Lloyd ap Bleddyn
Fychan ac i Hedd Molwynog. Fel Hafodunos.
Mam Margred oedd Kattrin verch ac etifeddes Dafydd
Lloyd ap Moris o Llansannan.
Mam Dafydd Lloyd ap Moris oedd Sabel verch Sir
Gruffydd Person Llanufydd.
Mam Thomas Lloyd ap Oliver Lloyd oedd Elin verch
Moris ap Meredydd ap leuan ap Rys ap Dafydd
ap Howel ap Gruffydd ap leuan Gethin ap
Madoc Kyfl&n.
Mam Elin oedd Sina verch Thomas ap Reinallt ap
Gruffydd ap Howel ap Madoc ap lorwerth goch
o Fochnant.
Mam Sina oedd Elin verch Howel ap Dafydd Llwyd
ap Dafydd ap Meredydd, chwaer un fam un
dad a Peers Lloyd o Lanhafon.
Mam Moris ap Meredydd oedd Ales verch Gruffydd
Lloyd ap leuan ap Gruffydd fychan ap Gruffydd
ap leuan ap Heilin.
Mam Oliver Lloyd oedd Lowri verch Robert ap
Reinallt ap Gruffydd ap Rys ap leuan ap Llew-
elyn ddu o'r Deirnion.
Mam Lowri oedd Elizabeth verch Reinallt Konwy
312 LLY FR SILIN.
ap Hugh Konwy, Esq., ap Robyn ap Gruffydd
goch.
Mam Elizabeth oedd Mallt verch William ap Gruffydd
ap Robyn o Gochwillan.
Mam Reinallt Konwy oedd Elizabeth verch Thomas
Salsbri h6n ap Harri Salsbri. Cais Ach Lleweni.
Mam Robert ap Reinallt oedd Lowri verch Elisse ap
Gruffydd ap Einion ap Gruffydd ap Llewelyn
ap Kynwric ap Osber.
Mam Thomas Lloyd oedd Sioned verch Edward ap
Rys ap Dafydd ap Gwilym. Cais Ach Eglwys-
Mam Sioned oedd Gwenhwyfar verch Dafydd ddu ap
Tudr ap leuan Lloyd ap Llew. ap Gruffydd
Lloyd ap Meredydd ap Llew. ap Ynyr ap Howel
ap Moreiddig ap Sandde Hardd.
Mam Dafydd Lloyd ap Thomas o Fodlith oedd Ka-
therine verch Howel Fychan ap Howel ap
Gruffydd ap Sienkin. Cais Ach Llwydiarth.
Mam Thomas ap Dafydd Lloyd ap Howel ap Moris
oedd Gwenhwyfar verch leuan ap Howel ap
leuan fychan ap leuan Gethin ap Madoc KyflSn.
Mam Dafydd Lloyd ap Howel ap Moris oedd Gwen-
hwyfar verch ac etifeddes Howel ap leuan ap
lorwerth ap Einion Gethin o Gynlleth.
Mam Howel ap Moris oedd Margred verch Dafydd
ap Giwn Lloyd ap Dafydd ap Madoc or Hen-
dwr.
Plant Dafydd Lloyd ap Thomas o Sioned verch Ed-
ward ap Rys ap Dafydd ap Gwilym oedd Ed-
ward Lloyd o Fodlith ; Thomas Lloyd o Lloran ;
Moris ; Richard Lloyd o Ddolwen ; Gruffydd ;
a Meredydd : o ferched Gwenhwyfar ail wraig
Moris Wynn o Foelyrch, mam Richard Wynn
oedd hi; a hono oeddy hyna; Margred g wraig
Sion Blodwel o'r Llwyn : Gwen gwraig Harri
Lloyd o'r Goed y darkers ; a Mary. 6 mab a 4
merch.
Plant Edward Lloyd o Fodlith o Ann Tanat verch
LLYFR SILIN. 313
yr hen Thomas Tanat o Abertanat oedd Thomas
Lloyd ; Moris morty Gruffydd, Matthew, ac o
ferched Mary Elizabeth, a Susan.
PLAS IDDON TEEFOB.
John Lloyd ap Robert Lloyd ap Hugh Lloyd ap
John Lloyd ap Richard Lloyd o Ddolwen, ap Dafydd
Lloyd ap Thomas o Fodlith.
GARTHERYR.
Sion KyflSn ap William ap Lewis ap Sion ap William
ap Moris Kvffin ap leuan Gethin ap Madoc Kyffin ap
Madoc Koch.
Mam Sion Kyffiu oedd Sina verch Sion ap William
ap Meredydd ap lolyn ap leuan Gethin ap
Madoc Kyfl5n,
Mam Sina oedd Kattrin verch Ednyfed ap Gruffydd
ap leuan ap Einion ap Gruffydd ap Llewelyn
ap Kyn. ap Osber Wyddel.
Mam William Kyffin ap Lewis Kyffin oedd Lowri
verch Reinallt ap Gruffydd ap Howel ap Madoc
ap lorwerth goch.
Mam Lewis Kyffin oedd Kattrin verch Rys ap Mere-
dydd ap Tudr ap Howel ap Kyn. fychan ap
Kyn. ap Llowarch : chwaer Robert ap Rys ap
Meredydd o'rRhiwlas yn Mhenllyn, un fam un
dad.
Mam Sion ap William ap Moris oedd Ales verch
leuan fychan ap leuan ap Adda ap lorwerth
ddu ap Ednyfed gam.
Plant Lewis Kyffin ap Sion ap William o Lowri
verch Reinallt ap Gruffydd ap Howel ap Madoc
ap lorwerth goch; chwaer un fam un dad a
Thomas ap Reinallt, oedd Sieffre Kyffin a
briodes Gwen verch Owen ap leuan ap Dafydd
fychan o Uwch Rhaiadr ; 2 William Kyffin a
briodes Elin verch Moris ap Howel o Sir Gaer-
314 LLYFR SILIN.
narfoD, ac wedi hynny y priodes William Kyf-
fin Sina verch Sion ap William ap Meredydd
ap lolyn ap leuan Gethin ap Madoc KyfBn ;
3 Hugh KyflSn; 4 Sion; 5 Cadwaladr; 6 Moris
ap Lewis Kyfl&n a briodes Margred verch Gruff-
ydd ap Sion ap Gruffydd bach Wynn ; 7 Rein-
allt ; 8 Thomas ap Lewis Kyffin, hwn a briodes
Gwen verch Cadwaladr ap Owen ap leuan ap
Dafydd fychan ; ac o ferched Kattrin verch
Lewis Kyffin gwraig Eys ap Dafydd ap Ithel
o Feifod, ac ni bu ddim plant.
Ac o'i gariadferch y bu i Lewis Kyffin, Elin verch
Lewis gwraig Howel ap Gruffydd ap Dafydd
Lloyd o Fochnant ; Lowri gwraig Sion ap
Howel goch Llan St. Fraed ; a Sion Kyffin.
Plant Sion ap William ap Moris ap leuan Gethin
oedd 1 Dafydd Kyffin ; 2 a Moris Kyffin a fu
farw yn diblant ; a 3 Dafydd Glyn, ac i hwnw
y bu ferch a elwyd Sina Glyn, ac a briodes
Dafydd Lloyd ap Sion ap Madoc o Lanfarthin
neu Drewen, a mam Sina Glyn oedd Gwen
verch Howel ap Gruffydd ap Howel o Foch-
nant 4 a Lewis Kyffin 5 a William Kyffin 6 a
Thomas Kyffin. Y rhain oeddent feibion Sion
ap William ap Moris uchod o Kattrin verch
Rhys ap Meredydd, chwaer Mr. Robert ap Rhys
ap Meredydd, fal o'r blaen ac i March weithian.
Gwraig Sion Kyffin ap William Kyffin oedd
verch Lewis ap Dafydd ap William ap Mered-
ydd ap lolyn ap leuan Gethin ap y Kyffin.
Mam William ap Moris ap leuan Gethin a Sieffire
Kyffin ei frawd oedd Fabli verch ac etifeddes
Llowarch gogof ap leuan Lloyd ap Gronw ap
Tudr ap Einion ap Seissyllt Arglwydd Meir-
ionydd.
Plant William ap Moris o Ales verch leuan fychan
ap leuan ap Adda oedd I Dafydd ap William
a briodes verch Matthew ap Gruffydd o
Llanarmon Mynydd Mawr ; 2 Thomas ap Wil-
LLYFR SILIN. 315
liam a briodes Lowri verch Rys ap Meredydd ;
3 Sion ap William a briodes Kattrin verch Rys
ap Meredydd ; ac iddynt y bu Moris ap Sion
a briodes Gwerfyl verch Sion Kyfl&n ap Mere-
dydd Lloyd o Ddyffryn Ceiriog mort; 4 Dafydd
Kyffin a briodes Mared verch Reinallt ap
GruflFydd ap Howel ac ni bu blant ; 5 Dafydd
Glyn a briodes Gwen verch Howel ap Gruffydd
ap Howel, nith ferch brawd i Reinallt ap
Gruffydd ap Howel, ac iddynt bu Uawer o blant.
Mam Thomas ap Sion ap William oedd Dafydd ap
Thomas ap Sion o'r Bryngoch yn Lledrod yn
Nghynlletn ac a werthodd ei Dir.
William ap Sion ap William a briodes El. verch
Dafydd Lloyd ap Gruffydd ap Dafydd fychan
o Artheryr ; ac iddynt y bu Lewis ap William
Kyffin ac ef a briodes Golegwyn verch Robert
ap Moris o Llangedwyn ; ac iddynt y bu Robert
Kyffin a Uawer o Ferched.
Robert Kyffin ap Lewis ap William Kyffin ap Sion
ap William ap Moris ap leuan Gethin ap Madoc
Kyffin ac i Robert y bu ferch ac etifeddes a
elwyd Ann Kyffin a briododd Robert Edwards
o Rydycroese.
Mam Ann Kyffin oedd Kattrin verch Richard ap
Llew. ap Gutyn ; a mam Kattrin oedd G wen-
hwyfar verch Moris ap Rys ap Gutyn ap Gruff-
ydd ap leuan Gethin ap Madoc Kyffin.
Moris ap leuan Gethin. y mae Uawer yn tybied fod
eisteddle Moris ap leuan Gethin yn Ngarth-
eryr yn Mochnant, yr hwn dy a losged yn amser
William Moris ei fab ef ; He yr oedd adeiladaeth
dda urddasol pan darfu i William Moris i ffoi
rhag ei ddal pan ddaeth commisiwn oddiwrth
y Brenin, gan yr Arglwyddi gleision i'w ddal
ef fel Rebel, a dyfod ag ef i mewn : ond fe fael-
iodd ganddynt, ac a losgwyd ei dy ef.
316 LLYFR SILIN.
GARTHERYR.
Plant GruflFydd ap Dafydd fychan ap Dafydd ap
Madoc KyflSn o Dibod verch Meredydd ap Tudr
ap Gronw ap Howel y gadair o Benllyn oedd
Dafydd Lloyd, Moris, Howel yr hwn a elwir
Hugh Lloyd a'r sydd yn Ghydweli.
Ac o'i gariadferchj Kattrin a briodes Gruffydd Rud ;
ac at bono yr aeth Hugh Lloyd uchod i Gyd-
weli gyntaf.
Gwenllian verch Gruffydd ap Dafydd fychan oedd
Mam Dafydd ap Howel ap Madoc.
Ac o Fargred verch Llew. o Feifod ap Deio ap Llew.
ap Einion ap Kelynyn yr hon oedd wraig
leuan ap Deio ap Teuan ap lorwerth o Fryn y
Gwalie yn Llangedwyn, y bu i Euffydd ap
Dafydd Fychan fab a elwir Owen ap Gruffydd.
Plant Dafydd Lloyd uchod o Fared verch leuan ap
Howel ap leuan fychan o Foelyrch oedd leuan ;
ac Ales gwraig Sion ap Rys ap Owen ; ac Elin
gwraig William Kyffin.
Plant Moris^ ap Gruffydd o Annes verch Siankin ap
Rys o Llandderfel, ap Howel ap Tudr ap Grono
ap Gruffydd ap Madoc, ac i Ririd Flaidd, oedd
Reinallt, Dafydd, Hugh, a Sion ; Elen gwraig
Thomas ap Robert ap Howel ap Grufiydd ap
Rys o Grogen ; a Margred gwraig Thomas ap
Howel ap Sion ap Siankin hir o Llanfyllin.
Plant Dafydd ap Moris ap Gruffydd oedd Robert ap
Dafydd ap Moris a briodod Gwen verch Cadwal-
adr ap Lewis ap Howel ap Gruffydd ap Howel
ap Madoc ap lorwerth Goch ; ac iddynt y bu
Moris ap Robert a werthodd ei Dir yn Ngefnir
I Richard Moris ap Meredydd.
(To he continued,)
^ In Pant Philip MS. the mother of Moris ap Graff, is stated to
be Margd. y. Howel ap lolyn ap leuan Gethin ap Madoc Kjffin. —
I. M.
317
©bftuarp^
B. L. Barnwell, M.A., F.S.A. Scot., V.P.
In the volume for 1884, Fifth Series, pp. 67-71, a full biographical
notice is given of the Rev. Edward Lowry Barnwell, M.A., F.S.A.
Scot., by his old friend Professor Westwood, together with an ad-
mirable likeness presented by another old friend, Mr. R. H. Wood.
In recording his death, we think the best proof that we can add of
his great interest in the work of our Association, and of his ever-
ready pen to help our Journal, will be found in the accompanying
list of articles and letters signed or initialled by him, which has been
compiled by Miss Swann, and put at our service by Professor West-
wood. To these must be added some Reviews, which, however, it is
not necessary to identify. The last article contributed by him was
that on " Some South Wales Cromlechs", in the volume for 1884, —
a subject on which he spoke at the last of the Annual Meetings
that he ever attended, viz., at Fishguard in 1883.
On his resignation of the office of Treasurer, which he had ' held
from 1876 to 1884, he was elected a Vice-President of the Associa-
tion. The following is the list of his papers and literary contribu-
tions to the Archasologia Gambrerms from 1856 to 1884 : —
Third Series.
1866, vol. i, p. 43, Ruthin Castle Records
„ p. 233, On Ancient Customs and Superstitions in Wales
„ p. 260, Remarks on an Iron Celt found on the Berwen Moun-
tains, Merionethshire
1866, vol. ii, pp. 146, 290, Records of the Lordship of Dyflfryn
Clwyd and Ruthin Castle
„ p. 180, Letter on Jacobite Relics, Denbighshire
„ p. 284, Ancient Mill, Ruthin
1867, vol. iii, p. 62, Letter on Bettws Gwerfyl Goch Church
„ p. 96, Records of the Lordship of Dyffryn Clwyd and Ruthin
Castle
„ p. 214, Letter on Pembrokeshire Heraldry
„ p. 219, Answer to Query on Name of Great Britain
„ p. 313, Roman Coins near Narberth
„ p. 398, Letter on St. Peter's and St. Theodore's, Caermarthen
1868, vol. iv, p. 206, Anecdote of Bishop Lloyd of St. Asaph
1869, vol. V, p. 125, Roman Roads in Denbighshire
„ p. 181, Breton Antiquities, Pontaveu District
„ p. 264, Plougastel Calvary
318 OBITUARY.
1860, vol. vi, p. 66 f Note on Roman Money Struck in London
„ p. 211, Breton Celts
„ p. 307, Carved Stone Hammer
1861, vol. vii, p. 46, Celtic Monnments
„ p. 293, Cfalvary of St. Thegonnec, Brittany
1862, voL viii, p. 208, Bronze Articles supposed to be Spoons
1863, vol. ix, p. 120, Beehive Hat, Bosphrennis, in the Parish of
Zennor, Cornwall
„ p. 170, Letter on Ruthin Church
„ p. 228, The Bock-Dwellings in Le Yend6mois, France
„ p. 271, Letter on Roman Coins and Sepulchral Remains near
Corwen, Merioneth
1864, vol. X, p. 47, St. Michael's Mount, Carnac
„ p. 57, Bronze Spoon-Shaped Articles
„ p. 76, Letter on Early Breton Incised Slabs
„ p. 133, Relic of Ann Boleyn
„ p. 146, Old Radnor Font, Lyonshall Font
„ p. 212, Bronze Implements
1865, vol. xi, pp. 1, 101, 229, 371, Notes on the Perrot Family
1866, vol. xii, p. 46, Notes on the Stone Monuments in the Isle of
Man
„ pp. 64, 167, 311, 478, Notes on the Perrot Family
„ p. 472, Church Furniture in Malew Church, Isle of Man
„ p. 476, Uncertain Bronze Implements, Isle of Man
1867, vol. xiii, p. 67^ The lately Discovered Crosses at St. David's
„ p. 150, Marked Stones in Wales
„ pp. 198, 363, Domestic Architecture of South Pembrokeshire
1868, vol. xiv, p. 70, Ditto, ditto
„ p. 169, Alignments in Wales
„ p. 179, Incised Stone, Bnrghill, Herefordshire
„ p. 201, Relics of Dinas Mawddwy
1869, vol. XV, p. 118, Cromlechs in North Wales
Fourth Series.
1871, vol. ii, p. 21, Ornamented Celt
„ p. 66, Tre 'r Ceiri
„ p. 163, Bronze Boar
„ p. 190, Tomen y Mur
p. 271, On some Ancient Welsh Bells
p. 320, Uncertain Bronze Objects
1872, vol. iii, p. 11, The Lomarec Inscription
„ p. 67, Letter on the Langeler Inscribed Stones
„ p. 81, Notes on some South Wales Cromlechs
p. 235, Canna's Chair
p. 257, Wooden Font, Efenechtyd Church
p. 329, On some Ancient Welsh Customs and Furniture
„ p. 345, Some Details of the Broadward Find
9f
>1
OBITUARY. 319
1873, vol. iv, p. 80, Some Details of the Broad ward Find
„ p. 84, Prim«val Merioneth
„ p. 192, Coped Coffin-Lid, Bridgend
„ p. 195, The Treiorwerth Tumulus
„ p. 275, The Bredwardine Cromlech
„ p. 348, Unexplained Stone Articles
„ p. 370, The Nevern Rock-Cross
„ p. 374, Grave in Wenlock Abbey
1874, vol. V, p. 59, Sonth Wales Cromlechs
„ p. 147, Ancient British Canoe
„ p. 156, The Brackets in Bowleston Church
„ p. 159, Bronze Thnribles in Wales
„ p. 162, Letter on Mynachty and Ronssean
„ p. 234, Eglwys y Gwyddel, Merioneth
„ p. 320, French Megalithic Remains
1875, vol. vi, p. 70, The Rhosnesney Bronze Implements
„ p. 74, Pembrokeshire Cliff- Castles
„ p. 268, The Caergwrle Cnp
„ p. 299, On PiUaivStones in Wales
1876, vol. vii, p. 41, Stackpool Antiquities. No. L
„ p. 145, A Coin found near Garthewin
„ p. 182, The Kidwelly Mace
1877, vol. viii, p. 81, Early Remains in Carmarthenshire
„ p. 150, The Date of Llanthony Abbey
„ p. 309, Pembrokeahira Houses
1878, vol. is, p. 101, Bendy Newydd Nantmor, Roman Halting-
Place
„ p. 217, Craig y Dinas
1879, vol. X, pp. 1 and 188, Supposed Musical Implement, Cardi-
ganshire
„ p. 99, The Carnarvon Talisman
„ p. 140, Bronze Vessel
„ p. 222, The Abermeurig Cup
„ p. 283, Supposed Leper^Cnps and Bronze Vessel
1880, vol. xi, p. 81, The Chambered Mound at Plas Newydd
„ p. 145, Llanfair Caereinion
„ p. 214, Welsh Fonts
1881, vol. xii, p. 30, Querns
p. 158, Mediflsval Pembrokeshire
p. 238, Pembrokeshire Antiquities
1882, vol. xiii, p. 174, Church Stretton
1883, vol. xiv, p. 49, Dolwyddelau Castle
„ p. 84, Biographical Notice of M. Holbeche Bloxam, F.S.A.
„ p. 192, Pen Caer Helen
Fifth Series.
1884, vol. i, p. 32, The Letterston Piscina
„ p. 129, On some South Wales Cromlechs
320 MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES.
John Edwaed Lbe, F.S.A., V.P.
In Mr. Lee we have to record the death of another very early,
if not one of the earliest, members of the Association. The anti-
quities of Gaerleon-on-Usk owe mnch to his intelligent interest in
their discovery and illustration, and the very first Part of the first
Yolame of iho ArehcBologia Camhromis (1846) contains a highly com-
plimentary notice of his " Delineations of Roman Antiquities found
at Caerleon (the ancient Isca Silurum) and the Neighbourhood";
and in the fourth volume of the Journal (1849) there is an article
on '' Roman Remains lately found at Caerleon", illustrated with
nine plates of engravings.
Of late years Mr. Lee had resided at Torquay ; and a few years
ago he edited an English version of Keller's Lake-Dwellings of
Switzerland, He was a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries ; and
at the Newport Meeting, in 1885, he was elected a Vice-President
of the Cambrian Archaeological Association^
fSltecellaneous j^ottceis.
Chester Roman Finds. — Some very interesting discoveries have
been made during the restoration of that portion of the City Wall,
on the north side, popularly known as one of the " breaches" made
during the siege of Chester, 1645-6. This " breach", situate fifty
paces from the west angle of Phoenix Tower, had been built in an
inferior manner, i.e., with small stones on the internal and external
wall-faces, with backing and filling in the body of small rubble in
mortar ; the outer face set 12 inches in from the older wall right
and left of it, and having no tie or bond with the same. This por-
tion had to be taken down to the massive stone wall level, which
proved, on examination, to be the substructure. Very small qnan*
tities of tile-fragments were found, but no coins, pottery, or other
relics.
In the underlying course of the substructure a fragment of a
monumental stone was found, with the iuscription,
(LE)o. XX. VV (VI)X.ANN.... H . F . C.
It was, therefore, determined to thoroughly examine this portion
before rebuildiug the " breach"; and for this purpose a shafl was
made on each side of the wall, and an opening tbroogh it to connect
them. In this opening very important finds were made of moulded,
sculptured, and monumental stones. In the second course above the
rock, forming part of the building material, was found a sculptured
stone representing two figures detached, — male with cloaJc and
bands, female with dress, both holding symbols or ofierings. Many
MISCELLANEOUS NOTICES. 321
of the stones, especially those of the jamb of a doorway, showed the
carving as fresh as if it had only just left the hands of the sculptor.
In all, fifty-seven stones were taken out with either carvings or
inscriptions upon them. Among them, on the outer surface of the
wall, but with the inscription turned inwards, showing it to have
been at some time removed to its present position, is one inscribed
D H
M . AVBELIVS . ATiBXAND
PRAE(f) . CAST . LEO . XX
NAT. . 8YBVS. .CO
(VI)X. AN. LXXII
ICES . ET . S
Among the other monumental stones were the following :
— !• I
D . M . M . CLVVl . M . AN . VAENTVS . FORO . IVLII
I L L
D1S MANBVS ATTAKJ AN lATLANVSALIX PBOTYS AN
XII POMPBIVS OPTATVS DOMINVS . F . C .
D . M . MI . AVR . NEPOS > LEG . XX W . CONIVX .
PIENTISSIMA . F . C . YIX . ANNIS . L .
D . M . GINCINiy(s) VETEBANY(s) YIX . AN . LXXX . CYRA .
ael(io) candi(do)
d . m . m . sextiys .... clay.... fiellio cia . celeu .
a(nn)obym.xx... (sti)pend
l . anniys . l . f tbo . mabcel
(d)oMIT (SAT)yBNI (e) . YIX (a)n . XII .
D . M . FLAYIA SATYBNINA
D . M . FYBI . MAXIMI . MIL . LEG . XX , YY ST(iP . AN)
XXII . H . F . G
P . B . > LEG Y . MACBD . ET . YIII . AYG BT . II AYG
BT XX YV YlXrr ANNIS LXI . ABISTIO LIB . H . F . C
Among the sculptured stones are these :
Sculptured stone, male and female combined figure. Female with
bird in right hand ; male with sheaf (?) in left hand.
High relief, carved, three-quarter length, nude figure of athlete^
white stone. x
Part of body, large size, carved, male figure with toga.
Upper portion of monumental stone ; nude figure reclining^
Splendid example of scroll-frieze with birds introduced.
Low relief carving, white stone, nude warrior or athlete with weapon.
Carving showing genii, with trumpet and cornucopia.
Upper part of monumental stone ; recumbent figure with cup in
hand, child appealing at foot.
Upper part of monumental stone ; recumbent figure^ fishes in span-
drel, scallop-Bhell at the back of head.
6th SER., VOL. lY. 21
322 REVIEWS.
Gaebleb, Anoleset. — This interesting Roman camp bas had a
narrow escape from destruction. One of onr members finding a
man at the spot engaged in opening drains, and learning that it
was the beginning of a job he had undertaken to complete by level-
ing the banks and filling np the ditches, most fortunately wrote to
apprise tbe landlord, Lord Boston, of what was being done, and His
Lordship at once gave orders to prevent it.
Caer Drewtn, Merionethshire. — We were misinformed as to the
extent of mischief done to the stone ramparts of this camp, and are
glad to find that not much harm has been actually done ; but its
enclosure, and the exclusion of the public from such a favourite
resort, is an occasion of mucH soreness.
A History op Ancient Tenuebs of Land in the Marches of North
Wales. By Alfred Neobard Palmer. Published by the
Author.
This little work of 180 pages is expressly styled an '^Introduc*
tory Essay to a History of the Town and Parish of Wrexham", but
it has an application and a value far beyond what is conveyed by
the mere statement of its length or title. Writers of such histories
of Wales as we possess have always been at a loss to explain the
peculiarities of the early social and political institutions of the
country; nor until Mr. Seebohm, in his investigations into early
village communities, turned his attention to the Welsh evidence,
was any clear light thrown upon this most difficult yet most import-
ant subject. Had Mr. Palmer's essay preceded the more elaborate
work of Mr. Seebohm {The English Village Community), there can
be no doubt it would have been largely quoted ; that it follows Mr.
Seebohm*s book, detracts in no degree from its value, — ^nay, indeed,
rather enhances its &iid its perfect originality is attested by the
vast research apparent in every page.
Both gentlemen are engaged in the study of our early institutions.
Mr. Seebohm's book forms a sort of carte du pays, in which, by
reason of the scale, many peculiarities of shore and surface are
missed. Mr. Palmer's is a section of a chart where every hill and
creek in a circumscribed area are shown with perfection of detail.
If a student commences with Mr. Seebohm, he can check that
author's general conclusions by the abundant data of Mr. Palmer ;
if he begins with Mr. Palmer, he should correct the results arrived
at from the examination of a part, by those of Mr. Seebohm de-
duced from a study of the whole. Invaluable as are the generalisa-
tions of Mr. Seebohm, it is certain that Mr. Palmer's remark that
BEVIEWS. 323
^'the ennnoiation of general principles is less needed than the acca-
mnlation and marshalling of pertinent facts", more accurately ex-
plains the present position of the subject on Welsh ground.
As may be gathered from what has been already said, Mr. Pal-
mer's essay runs parallel with that portion of Mr. Seebohm's work
devoted to the study of early Welsh law and custom ; but the ful-
ness with which the ancient tenures of Powys, and, incidentally, of
the whole of medieeval Wales, is dealt with, renders the essay under
consideration of especial importance to the members of our Society.
While, however, we pay unstinted praise to Mr. Palmer for his
labours in this new mine of Cambrian research, and, we may almost
add, for its discovery, we would hope to induce others to engage in
the same pursuit by showing that there are still laurels to be won,
and debatable points to be settled even in Mr. Palmer's own work.
There seems, for instance, still room for doubt as to the real size of
the old Welsh acre, if we may use a term that is well understood
for one that is not so intelligible to English ears, the " cyfar". Mr.
Palmer, quoting Dr. Pughe, says the " cyfar", also called an " erw",
measured 160 yards by 16=2,560 square yards, or a little more
than half the modem statute acre. Mr. Seebohm believes the
''cyfar" of Pembrokeshire was of this area, and appears to be corro-
borated by the Register of Kemeys (Supplement to Arch. Camb.,
3rd Series, vol. viii, p. 46), although the names there given to the
various superficial measures are apparently wrong ; e,g.^ when we
are told that " 40 yardlandes make a stang", we must interpret the
"stang" (the "ystanc" of Dr. Pughe), as Mr. Palmer has acutely
surmised, as " bearing the same relation to the ' cyfar' as the rood
bears to the English acre". Mr. Aneurin Owen says the ancient
"cyfar" of Anglesey and Carnarvonshire contained 3,240 square
yards ; that of Merionethshire and Montgomeryshire, 2,430 square
yards.
Again, Mr. Palmer gives the Venedotian **erw" (according to
the Ancient Laws of Wales) as between 2,803 and 3,203 square
yards. The Rev. Walter Davies, a remarkably good authority, says
it contained 4,320 square yards, '* which seems to be the true Welsh
acre". (General View of the Agricnlture of North Wales, p. 469.)
This also accords with Mr. Aneurin Owen's view. (Ancient Laws of
Wales, vol. i, p. 167, note.) The discrepancy is occasioned by the
fact that Mr. Palmer has reckoned the foot as containing only
9 inches, in accordance with the words of the Welsh law, — " three
lengths of a barleycorn in the inch, three inches in the palm-breadth
(* Uet y palyw'), three palm-breadths in the foot".
Although Mr. Palmer is correct in his quotation, it is doubtful
whether in a country that had been administered by Roman officials
such a common admeasurement as the foot was ever reckoned as
containing less than 12 inches. It seems equally doubtful that a
people who could construct so exact a system of superficial measure-
ment implied by the "maenols" and "cymwds" of mediaeval Wales,
as they are set forth in the Laws, would leave the exact area of the
21«
324 REVIEWS.
** erw" to be determined by the length of a plonghman's arm. The
foot of 9 inches would give only 2,722^ square yards to the statute
acre, which agrees with none of the proportional measurements of
the "erw" or "cyfar" in any of the provinces of ancient Wales.
The " cyfar" appears to reach back to a very early period in the
communal system of agriculture. It is attributed to Dyfnwal Moel-
mud, which may be taken to be the conjecture of a monk to account
for a method of allotment in use long before the time of Hywel dda.
The superficial area of the Roman ** jagerum", viz., 3,200 square
yards, is the nearest approach to that of the Venedotian " cyfar" of
3,240 square yards ; while the coincidence of the divisibility of the
former figure into the **centuria", ordinarily made up of 240 "ju-
gera**, and -further, with the assessment of " scutage" and " tunc"
rent, must not be forgotten.^ (See Seebohm, E, V, &, p. 292, note.)
These are some of the points that puzzle the student of the Welsh
laws in his endeavour to fit the written codes into the actual life of
the people. There is, however, a chapter in Mr. Palmer's essay on
the Prcemanorial Epochs and the Rise of the Manorial System^ which
will, perhaps, prove more fascinating to our Powysian members.
The growth of the English power westward of the Dee, its gradual
withdrawal in the era which is almost closed with the Domesday
Survey, its reinstatement under the marcher lords, and the intro-
duction of a new system of tenure, are here stated with a fulness and
accuracy that have never yet been approached. It is dangerous to
dispute Mr. Palmer's facts, or even his inferences ; but while I am
inclined to believe that the Welsh conquest of Bromfield in pre-
Norman times was so complete that **the children of the English
that remained learned to use the language of their conquerors, and
became in due course as Welsh in feeling as they", I respectfully
differ from him in his next observation : " Nor was this predomi-
nance of the Welsh speech and of Welsh sentiment seriously threat-
ened until two or three centuries after Edward I had 'jockeyed'
the district into his own hand."
It must be remembered that as early as A.D. 1211 the whole dis-
trict between the Dee and the Conway was surrendered by Lly welyn
ap lorwerth to King John ; and though it constantly changed hands
according to the fortune of war, the English legal procedure was
enforced whenever it came to their turn to be its possessors.
The extent to which English customs had prevailed in every depart-
ment of law, except that of inheritance, is plainly manifest by the
* The extraordinary size of the Cheshire "acre**, 10,240 square 3rarda
(».«., four Flintshire "cyfars'*, each of 2,560 square yards), is matched by
the inexplicable acre of the manor of Caerphilly, which, according to
Mr. Clark, measured 10,325^ square yards. Mr. Palmer has requested
information upon the old measures of sunEace used in various parts of
Wales, and it is highly desirable that our members should communicate
whatever they can learn upon this subject, either through the pages of
the Journal, or to Mr. Palmer direct. The present writer would tSao be
grateful for similar information.
REVIEWS. 325
evidence given before a commission appointed in a.d. 1281 to ex-
amine into the castoms most in vogae in this and neighbouring dis-
tricts.
Space has not permitted me to do more than call attention to a
few salient points. I should have been glad to have entered more
fully into the subject just touched upon, and also into the admirable
use made bj Mr. Palmer of the Record of Caernarvon. There is,
however, one remark that should be quoted for the benefit of our
ethnological members. Mr. Palmer, in dealing with the lowest
stratum of mediaeval Cymric society, says he finds himself " more
and more inclining to the theory that * aillts' (i.e., * servi') were
the descendants of the non-Cymric population which the Welsh,
when they came hither, found in possession of the land, and which
they conquered and enslaved." This might be very true in a.d. 500 ;
but the subject people, whoever they were, must have become
tolerably mixed by A.D. 950.*
Throughout the essay the Welsh terms are translated into Eng-
lish, and for this reason, if for no other, it should be welcomed as a
veritable glossary by the English reader. In the next edition an
improvement will be the addition of the Latin equivalents taken
from the Welsh codes and elsewhei*e. Altogether, this is the most
fruitful work on Welsh institutions yet published, and I hope all
our members will cordially support Mr. Palmer in his further re-
searches.
The Royal Tribes op Wales. By Philip Yorke, Esq., of Brthig.
To wliich is added an Account of the Fifteen Tribes of North
Wales, with numerous Additions and Notes, Preface and Index,
by the Editor, Richard Williams, Fellow of the Royal Histori-
cal Society. Liverpool: Published by Isaac Foulkes, 18, Bruns-
wick Street. 1887.
Torke's Royal Tribes of Wales is a work of so much value, and
had become so rare, that a new edition was greatly needed ; and as
much additional information has been gathered together, in many
directions, on the matters treated of, a great opportunity offered
itself, and we are glad to say that Mr. Williams has done it justice.
His edition is just what we should have wished it to be. '* Old
^ In a review of Mr. Silvan Evans* Dictionary^ in The Academy^ Ist
October, Professor Rhys observes, sub voce **Aillt", ** the word is of the
same origin as the verb * eillio', to shave, and ^ ellyn', a razor ; and an
' aillt' was a man whose head had been shaved or tonsured as a sign of
his being a bondman or thrall." There is no reference to the tonsure of
an " aillf in the Welsh Laws, nor any trace of the survival of such a prac-
tice ; but that the custom prevailed in very early times is proved by the
etymology of the word. The point referred to in the same critique,
whether the term '^ mab aillf of the Laws does not point to a stage in
the progress of the bondman towards independence, had also occurred to
the present writer ; but, like the Professor, he has never been able to
arrive at a satisfactory conclusion.
326 REVIEWS.
families", he iells us in the Biographical Introdaction which he has
prefixed, " which still flourished in Yorke's time, have decayed or
disappeared altogether, while new men have risen to the snr&ce,
and have founded new houses on the rniDS of the old It has
been my object and my endeavour, while retaining in their integrity
the original text and notes, and even, with a few exceptions, the
original spelling, to add, by way of notes, snch information as I
have been able to gather, to indicate these changes, and to bring
down to the present date the story of oar old Welsh families so
agreeably told by the genial and accomplished antbor."
To the " Five Royal Tribes" of the original edition, and the " Fif-
teen Tribes of North Wales", believed to have been composed by
Robert Yaugban of Hengwrt, Mr. Williams has added the account
of the tribe of Tndor Trevor, which is also given by Pennant in his
History of Whiteford and Holywell. Three conflicting theories as to
the origin of these tribes are briefly enumerated, but not further
disco ssed. They are respectively those of — (1), Mr. Robert Vaughan,
who assigns them to " Grufiydd ap Cynan, Rhys ap Tewdwr, and
Bleddyn ap Oynfyn, who made diligent search after the arms, en-
signs, and pedigrees of their ancestors"; (2), Mr. Trevor Parkins,
who points out that they belong almost exclusively to Gwynedd,
and suggests that they were ^'constituted subsequently to the reign
of Owen Gwynedd (1137-1169), in the last years of national inde-
pendence, and limited to the districts which remained uncon-
quered." Professor Rhys, on the other hand (3), would throw back
their '^ origin into prehistoric times, when the inhabitants of Gwyn-
edd were still Goidels, and had a tribal system differing from their
neighbours, the Ordovices of Powys, who were a Brythonic people,
and the introducers of tbe Brythonic language into Wales."
Mr. Williams does not discuss the relative value of these theories,
or tell us to which he himself inclines, but is content to regard tbeir
** record as of great value to the historian as well as the genealogist,
of the history and connections of most of the leading families of
North Wales."
Illustrations of the Editor's competency for his work, and the
completeness with which he has treated his subject, may be seen in
his additional notes to the tribe of Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, p. 117 ; and
in his account of the devolution of property in the cases of Gwydir,
p. 8 ; Rug, p. 57 ; Mawddwy and Hals ton, p. 67 ; Garth and Broni-
arth, p. 72 ; Pwllhalog, p. 90 ; and Plymog, p. 109.
We wish Mr. Williams had reproduced the arms of the several
tribes, and placed them at the head of their respective notices.
They are given in Pennant's Whiteford and Holywell, on one folded
plate ; and there is at Erddig a copy of the Royal Tribes, with the
arms of the several families mentioned in the book blazoned in
heraldic colours.
That there should be some errors and omissions in so large a
book is not to be wondered at. The wonder is rather that there
should be so few ; and we draw attention to them now, that in a
REVIEWS. 327
fatnre edition they may be corrected. B,g,y p. 11, n., the name of
the present Baronet of W jnnstaj is given as Herbert Edward Wat-
kin. It should be Herbert Lloyd Watkin ; and his mother was the
daughter of Edward (not John) Lloyd of Cefn. Bhiwaedog was
bequeathed, not to Mrs., but to Mr. Price of Rhiwlas (p. 17, n.).
The archdeaconry of St. Asaph (p. 20, n.) has ceased, since 1844,
to be " annexed to the bishopric", and has been subdivided into
those of St. Asaph and Montgomery. To call " Alice Llwyd, the
heiress of Kinmel" (p. 113, n.), ** an old maid", is hardly fair. She
was the widow of Richard ap leuan ap David ap Ithel Yychan, and
mother of Catherine (also the heiress), who married Piers Holland.
Golden Grove is no longer the property of George Augustus Mor-
gan, but is an illustration of the changes to which the Editor has
referred in his preface, and now belongs to Mr. Pochin. We miss
the last touches, too, in the case of the Kynastons of Hardwick
(p. 86, n.) ; of Sir George Cayley of Llannerch (p. 87, n.) ; and of
Lord Trevor of Brynkinedt.
The book is exceedingly well got up, and attractive in its paper
and its printing, and is a credit to the publisher.
As Torke's Royal Tribes of Wales was grounded upon his earlier
publication. Tracts of Potui/s, in the compilation of which a dis-
tinguished Montgomeryshire antiquary, the Rev. Walter Davies
('* Gwallter Mechain"), is believed to have had a considerable hand,
it was fitting that another Montgomeryshire archaeologist should be
the Editor of this new edition ; and not less appropriate that it
should be dedicated by him, as one of the Secretaries of the Powys-
land Club, to its President, the Lord Lieutenant of the County, a
most finished scholar, the Earl of Powis.
Cambrian ^t:c|)aeological Sii^dociatCon.
THE FOETY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING
WAS HELD AT
DENBIGH
ON
MONDAY, AUGUST 22nd, 1887,
AND FOUR FOLLOWING DATS.
PBE8IDEHT.
CHARLES SALUSBURY MAINWARING, Esq.
LOCAL COMXITTEE.
Colonel Mbshah, Fontryffydd, Bodfari, Bhyl, Ckairman,
Col. Humberston, Glanywem, Den-
bigh
A, E. Tumonr, Esq., M.D.« Groye
House, Denbigh
T. Gold Edwards, Esq., Qwynfryn,
Denbigh
p. P. Pennant, Esq,, NantUjs, St.
Asaph
Jtfeillr Owen, Esq., Mysevin, Kant-
glyn, Denbigh
M^jor Conran, Brondyffiyn, Denbigh
John Dayies, Esq., Brynyparc, Den-
bigh
J. Parry Jones, Esq., Yale Street,
Denbigh
J. Lloyd Boberts, Esq., Yale Street,
Denbigh
B. Moreton Piichard, Esq., M.D.,
Beech House, Denbigh
Local Treaanrer.
M^jor Casson, North and South Wales Bank, Denbigh.
Local Secretary.
M^or B. Lloyd Williams, Bodgwilym, Denbigh.
329
EEPORT OF MEETING.
MONDAY, AUGUST 22.
The work of the Annnal Meeting began with the nsnal preliminary
meeting of the Executive Committee at 8 o'clock, and at 8.80 an
adjournment was made to the Assembly Booms for the public inau-
guration of the week's proceedings.
In the absence of the retiring President, the chair was taken by
Archdeacon Thomas, who gave expression to the regret of the mem-
bers of the Association at the unavoidable absence of the out-going
President, Mr, John Talbot Dillwyn Llewelyn, who had rendered
such excellent service last year at Swansea by his unfailing pre-
sence, genial courtesy, and enlightened interest in all their work.
He then called upon Mr. Salusbury Mainwaring, the new President,
to occupy his place, and expressed an opinion that he would prove
no unworthy successor.
When the President had taken the chair, Colonel Mesham, as
Chairman of the Local Committee, bade the Association welcome to
Denbigh, and said he thought there were but few parts in England
or Wales more full of antiquities than was the Vale of Clwyd. He
could only hope that at the close of their visit the members of the
Association would have enjoyed their stay, and that both they and
the inhabitants of the neighbourhood would be benefited by the re-
searches which would be made, and by the papers which would be
read there. He had to associate with that welcome the name of his
friend Colonel Mainwaring, whose family for generations had been
intimately connected with that locality, and who himself ha'd always
taken a vast interest in everything that appertained to it.
The President having acknowledged the friendly greeting of the
Local Committee, proceeded, — " My first duty most certainly is to
tender my most sincere thanks to the members of the Cambrian
Archsdological Association for the distinguished honour they have
done me in allowing me to preside over the forty- second Meeting of
the Association ; and, indeed, when I read over the names of those
who have preceded me in this office, from the first presidency of
Sir Stephen Glynne, of Mr. Wynne of Peniarth, and of others who
were faithfol and constant friends to the Association, and for years
330 CAMBRIAN ARCH^OLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
gaye their profonnd knowledge of Welsh antiquities for the benefit
of the Association and of Wales, I feel truly unworthy of occupying
this chair to which by your favour I have been called.
'' In the forty-two years this Association has been in existence,
much has been done. Sir Stephen Glynne at the first Meeting ven-
tured to prophesy that ' it would be eminently useful in bringing to
light the antiquities of the country'; and although there were some
persons found profane enough to ridicule the Association, and to say
that Hwo years were sufficient to explore all the antiquities of
Wales', yet Mr. H. Longueville Jones, the unti^^ng Secretary, was
able to say ' he was confident that they had work sufficient for ten
years if they wrote about all the antiquities they were informed of.'
The two years of the profane, the ten years of the energetic Secre-
tary, have lengthened to forty-two, and much yet remains to be
done.
'* No Welshman can truly value Wales unless he knows the p<ui
of Wales as well as the present, and the forty-two volumes issued
by the Association, written, as they have been, by the best Welsh
scholars of our time, are invaluable in enabling us to study the past
of Wales in a way we shoald otherwise have been unable to do. I
can only promise that I will do what I can to ensure the success of
this Meeting, and must express my hope that the Meeting may be
both pleasant and useful, for I believe that the places to be visited
this week are very worthy of the careful attention of the members
of the Association : indeed, it seems almost strange that Denbigh,
which we Denbigh people consider, rightly or wrongly, to be tho
capital of Wales, should not have been visited before. But I believe*
the proper explanation of this is that the visit to Denbigh was lefb
in reserve till the Jubilee of Her Gracious Majesty afforded a proper
opportunity for this visit to the capital.
" Meetiogs of this Association have been held in Denbighshire as
follows, — in 1854 at Ruthin, when Denbigh and its Castle were
somewhat hurriedly visited ; Wrexham in 1874 ; and Llanrwst in
1882 ; and as no Meeting has been held in Flintshire since the
Meeting at Rhyl in 1858, a large and interesting county, from Deva
to Yaris, and which must contain the main Roman road from Ches-
ter towards Carnarvon, presents itself for our study ; and although,
from the time of Giraldus Cambrensis, the line of the road and the
position of Yaris have been a matter of doubt and of much dispu-
tation, yet I hope our Meeting and our visit to Bodfari will lead us
somewhat forward in arriving at a knowledge of this interesting
subject.
" Caerwys is not included in our list of places to be visited, which
is to be regretted, as many indications — its position, its shape, and
its name, Caerwjs — ^all point to its Roman occupation. Caer-lleon
(Chester), Caergwrle, Caerwys, Caerynarfon, Caer Gtii, Caersws,
point to the centres from which Roman roads started, all commenc-
ing with the distinctive caer; and as Judge Wynne Ffoulkes pointed
out in 1854 (Arch, Camh.), the road given by Ogilvy in his road-
DENBIGH MEETINO. — REPORT. 331
map (1720) gives the main raad from Chester to Holyhead, which
we may assume to be the old Roman road from Deva to Conovinm,
as in 1720 journeys were almost entirely made on horseback, and
light carriages had not then called into existence the modern
engineer or Macadam.
" This road, starting from Chester, posses by the Moel y Gkier,
near Halkin, then through Caerwys, past the Moel y Gaer, by Bod-
fari» through Denbigh (where it is. more than probable that the site
of Denbigh Castle must have been a Roman outpost), Henllan, Llan-
nefydd (where another Moel y Gaer, the most beautifally formed
camp that we have in our district, lies close to the road as a place
of protection to the traveller) ; then by Pont y Gwyddel, over the
Mynydd Bodrochwyn, to Bettws, Caerhun (Conovium). From Caer-
bun the Roman road has been plainly traced to Carnarvon (a mile-
stone has recently been discovered near Aber) ; and although we
may be certain that much of the traffic between Deva, Conovium,
and Segontium, was by sea, yet an inland road must also have
existed ; and it is most probable that the high-road of 1720 was the
high-road used by the Romans until their departure in 406.
'* Time will not permit of our tracing the Roman road that must
have passed south to Caer Gai and Tomen y Mur. In the early
Numbers of the ilrc^oZo(/ta Cambrensis I find some excellent resolves
of the members of those days to search out the hidden mysteries of
the Hiraethog ; but the road from Varis, by Ystrad, H^n Dinbych,
Caer Ddunod, the Llwybr Elen, to the Great Camp above Caer (or
Cerrig) y Drudion, where, as some say, the last stand was made by
Caradoc ; then by the Gwem Nannau to the pass by Millter Gerrig
to Tomen y Mur, has not as yet been fully worked out. Tradition,
indeed, in the Hiraethog, still speaks of the Llwybr Elen (the road
of the Empress Helen, mother of Constantine) as passing over the
Camedd y Filiast, where her favourite greyhound died, and where
a great camedd exists to this day to its memory : then by Moel yr
Eglwys, where she founded a church, and then to Caer y Drudion.
I should personally much like to accompany any members of the
Association in attempting to trace out these and other roads in the
district of Cerrig y Drudion and the Hiraethog.
'* But other periods besides the Roman will occupy our attention ;
others more learned than I am will describe the bones found atTre-
meirchion ; the Gop by Newmarket, the scene of the last battle of
Boadicea, and perhaps her grave. Nor will I venture to write of
the graves of the platycnemic men, and the treasures Mrs. Williams
Wynn will show us at Cefn ; but I would venture to say a few words
on the district we propose to visit ; and in the first place I hope
that a full and careful study will be made of the Castle and town of
Denbigh, a town of which Glanmor has, in our time, written so full
and complete an accoant ; and where now the Mayor and Corpora-
tion have lent us their Council Chamber, and exhibited their most
interesting records and charters.
" Speed writes, in 1611, ' The fame of this town spreads itself farre
332 CAMBRIAN ARCH^OLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
for repnte, as being reckoned the most beantif al place in North
Wales ; and it is of no less report, for the Castle adjunct unto it is
impregnable for fortification.' Good old Speed was, indeed, I ima-
gine, so pleased with the beanty of Denbigh (as he has left us a
very accurate plan of 'the town) that he probably stopped here, and
did not make a careful survey of other parts of the county ; and
must have taken much of the geography of the Hiraethog from
hearsay, as he places Llyn Alwen some miles to the east instead of
the west of Llyn Aled, and draws some impossible rivers. He also
marks a large mountain as being between Abergele and the sea.
But his map of Denbigh is of great value, and taken with the
various authentic accounts that remain to us, we can picture to
ourselves this Castle * impregnable in its fortifications'; the Castle
where brave old William Salusbury kept the royal standard flying
till, on the 1 4th of September 1646, he received an order from his
King, ' upon honourable conditions to quit and surrender the Castle
of Denbigh entrusted to you by us.' The Castle at that time was
probably in a more perfect state of defence than it had ever been,
for the survey of 1562 showed that it was *much in decay'; yet
much must have been done by Leicester from 1562 to his death in
1 588 to put the old Castle in a state of proper defence, as, writing
some twenty years later, Speed says it was ' impregnable for fortifi-
cations'.
" When, therefore, William Salusbury was appointed Governor
in 1643, we may be sure that he did all in his power to make it, as
be afterwards proved it to be, impregnable; and the letters from
General Mytton, and the loyal and confident answer of William
Salusbury clearly show that the Castle could only be taken by the
slow process of starving out the garrison. We must try, therefore,
when we visit the Castle to-morrow to picture it to ourselves as it
was when given up in 1646, when the garrison marched out with
drums beating and colours flying, and as it probably stood till its
destruction in the time of Charles 11.
" The earliest efforts of this Association were directed to the pre-
servation of our ancient castles ; and the action taken by this Asso-
ciation in a large degree led to the formation of a committee at
Denbigh, which has with loving care strengthened the dangerous
walls, and has disclosed much that is of beauty and of interest
which the ruthless hand of the destroyer had hidden.
" We can, with sufficient clearness, follow the description of the
Castle as given in the survey of 1562, and we must bear in mind
that though much stonework has been destroyed, there was also
much timber work, — in the * Great Chamber two heights of great
timber'; and its neighbour, the * Postome Tower, four heights of
timber', which was decayed in 1562, and has in this day entirely
disappeared.
"'I he Committee intend to make further improvements, and I
venture to express my hope that by the removal of a few trees the
beautiful Goblin Tower may be rendered more visible, and that the
DENBIGH MEETING.— REPORT. 333
noble Bnrgess Tower roaj at no distant date become a mnseum for
Denbigh and the district.
" In the afternoon of Tnesday we shall visit Eglwys Wen, which
contains much of interest in connection with the town and with
Lleweny; Llandjrnog also is full of interest, and the camp of Pen
y Cloridian will well repay the more active. On Wednesday our
excellent Chairman of the Local Committee will receive ns at
the Roman station of Varis, of which he is now in command ; and
going by Bodfari and Tremeirchion Caves and Church, we proceed
to St. Beuno's College, where we have been kindly bidden ; then
to Dyserth to see the Church, Castle, and Siamber Wen ; then
by Bodrhyddan to Bhuddlan, where we must devote some time to
the Castle and Priory. ThurHday we see Llanrhaiadr with its rare
window ; Bachymbyd, built by Charles Salusbury, son of the old
defender of Denbigh Castle ; and the many objects of interest in
Euthin, in whose Castle Colonel West had, but for the death of
a near relative, intended hospitably to entertain the members of
the Association, will provide a day full of interest. Friday, after
leaving Trefnant, we are enabled, by the kindness of Sir George
Cay ley, to visit his beautiful park of Llannerch, and inspect his
pedigrees, charters, and pictures ; then by the Cathedral and Church
of St. Asaph to the beautiful Church of Bodelwyddan ; then to the
old Welsh houses of interest, Vaynol, Pen isa Glascoed, and PJas
Newydd. At Cefn Mrs. Williams Wynn has kindly bid us stop, and
the treasures of her caves will be inspected. Mr. Howard will show
us the * Ffynnon Fair* with its beautiful well, probably built by the
same architect as Holywell ; and close by lies the old house of Dol-
belidr, whence, *ex ancestris aadibus Dolbelidrss*, issued Salusbury's
first Welsh Grammar.
*' This will conclude the excursions of our week, and I will only
express a hope that the visit of the Association to Denbigh will pro-
duce much of value and interest in the pages of its Journal ; that
we all may feel that to value Wales rightly we must study its past
in order to enjoy its present ; and that we who are of Denbigh will
aid the Committee in preserving the Castle in a state worthy of
what Speed very rightly called * the most beautiful place in North
Wales'."
Archdeacon Thomas, in proposing a vote of thanks to the Presi-
dent for his address, wished to point out that the object of their
Annual Meeting was not only to gather information, but to stir up
new interest among the inhabitants in the antiquities around them,
and hence its migratory character. They were especially gratified
when fresh recruits were enlisted in their ranks. The President
had spoken modestly of his own powers ; but he evidently had
mnch potentiality and special opportunities in his power for work-
ing out the question of the Roman roads to which he had alluded.
In the history of the Association he had himself pointed out an
excellent illustration of modest beginnings zealously followed up,
334 CAMBRIAN ARCHiEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
and resultiDg in large and valaable resnlts. Other subjects which
he would commend to their attention were — (1), the existence of a
Basque element in the population, which had been said to be repre-
sented in the dark-haired people of the Hiraethog ; and whether
such a theory could be supported by the evidence of language, or
physiognomy, or sepulchral remains ; and (2), what traces survived
of the influence of the settlement of the Strath Clyde Britons amon^
them in the eighth century ; and whether such names as Kinmel
and Kinmeirch were only other forms of Penmoel and Penmeirch,
just as Canty re represents Pentir.
The proposal was seconded by Mr. R. W. Banks.
The President having acknowledged the vote, called upon the
Rev. R. Trevor Owen, the General Secretary for North Wales, to
read the
ANNUAL REPORT, 1887.
" In selecting Denbigh for its Annual Meeting, the Association
has been guided not only by the special attractions of the town and
neighbourhood, bat also by the expectation of deriving no little pro-
fit and pleasure from the researches of those of its members who
have already thrown so much light upon its history and antiquities.
Foremost among these we must name him who has written so well
the ancient and modern history of the town and surrounding
country, and has edited with so much care and fulness the Records
of the Lordship^ Mr., now the Rev. John Williams {Qlanmor). Next
we would place him who, in conjunction with a former partner, has
pictured to the eye so much of the peculiarities and the historical
development of the churches and abbeys of the county and of the
Castle of Denbigh, that we can always find both pleasure and in-
struction in refreshing the memory with the Illustrations of the
Village Churches of DenbigJishirehy our genial Local Secretary, Major
Lloyd Williams, and his co-worker, Mr. Martin Underwood. Treading
closely on the heels of these comes another diligent student of the
sacred art of mediaeval days and of the folk-lore of his contempo-
raries, the Rev. Elias Owen, whose Old Stone Crosses of the Vale of
Clwyd show us not only how very much one who has eyes to see
can discover in the course of his daily duties, but also how much
interest can be gathered round the most simple relics that lie at our
doors, and only wait for a recorder. And to these, again, we desire
to add the large contributions made to our knowledge of the places
and families not only of this neighbourhood, but of the wide area of
ancient Powysland, by the Chevalier Lloyd in his History of Powys
Fadog, of which the sixth and last volume has recently been pub-
lished.
** We look forward, therefore, with no little anticipation to the
programme to be carried out this week. Nor are our anticipations
affected by the circumstance that during a former Annual Meeting
held in the neighbouring town of Ruthin a visit was made by the
DENBIGH MEETING. — REPORT. 335
Association to this place. That Tisit was too hurried to be prodnc-
tive of much permanent fmit ; and it was made, moreover, by a
generation of whom the great majority have passed away : indeed,
of the members who attended that Meeting, we have probably not
one with ns to-day. And here we would speak with an affectionate
regret of one who at that Meeting in 1854 undertook the onerous
duties of General Secretary of the Association in succession to the
present Bishop of St. David's, and who for twenty-one years, alike
by the contributions of his able pen to the Journal, and by the wide
knowledge which he brought to bear upon the Annual Meetings,
carried the Society through a period of great depression and diffi-
culty to the flourishing condition which it still retains. We refer,
as you will readily see, to the late Edward Lowry Barnwell, whom,
in consideration of his signal services, the Association enrolled
among its honoured Vice-Presidents ; another of whom, likewise a
contributor to our Journal, we have also lost within the past twelve-
months in the person of Mr. Robert Oliver Jones. A like number
of our Patrons have also been removed by death, viz.. Lord Bagot,
who was closely connected with this county in more ways than one,
and Lord Clermont. We have also to regret the loss of others who
for various reasons have withdrawn from the Association ; but we
have at the same time the satisfaction of submitting the following
names for election : —
"North Wiles.
'' The Right Hon. Lord Mostyn, Mostyn Hall, Flintshire
The Right Hon. Lord Penrhyn, Penrhyn Castle, Carnarvon-
shire
The Dowager Lady Williams- Wynn, Llangedwyn, Denbigh-
shire
Mrs. Kerr, Glan William, Maentwrog, Merionethshire
Evan Morris, Esq., Wrexham, Denbighshire.
"South Wiles.
" J. A. Corbett, Esq., Cardiff
R. W. Llewelyn, Esq., Glevia Cottage, Bridgend
The Rev. T. R. Langharne, Vicarage, Rhayader.
"Cheshire and Border Counties.
" Capt. Kenneth Mackean, R.E., Chester
J. W. Willis-Bund, Esq., F.S.A.,"Wick Episcopi, Worcester,
and 3, Stone Baildings, Lincoln's Inn.
" France.
" General Meredith Reed, 128, Rue de la Boetie, Paris.
" The Committee propose to add to their list of Vice-Presidents,
336 CAMBRIAN ARCH^OLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
" John Dilwyn Talbot Llewelyn, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., their ex-
cellent President ol" last year
J. Y. W. Lloyd, Esq., M.A., K.S.G., the author of The Bia-
tory of Powye Fadog,
" The retiring members of the Committee are
" Rev. Hugh Prichard, M.A.
W. Trevor Parkins, M.A.
Ernest Hartland, Esq., M.A.
" It is proposed to re-elect them, with the addition of
" Richard Williams. Esq., F.R. Hist. S.
Alfred Neobard Palmer, Esq.
" In addition to the works completed within the last twelve
months by members of the Association, and already noticed, such as
The History of Powys Fadog, and The Old Stone Grosses of the Vale
of Clwyd, the Committee has much satisfaction in stating that Mr.
A. N. Palmer's History of the Parish Church of Wrexham has within
the last few days been issued to the subscribers; Mr. Arthur Baker's
well illustrated monograph on Plas Mawr, Conway, is ready for the
press ; Mr. Richard Williams* new edition of Yorkers Royal Tribes
of Wales is daily expected to appear; and Mr. IjKyth*^ History of
Pembrokeshire is making good progress. Besides which, two others
of our members have nearly completed their respective histories of
St. Asaph and St. David's for the Diocesan Series published by the
S. P. C. K..
''At the last Annual Meeting a small grant was made by the
Association to help Mr. Stephen W. Williams, of Rhayader, to trace
out the ground-plan of the Abbey Church of Strata Florida ; and
the results of his well-directed explorations have already been so
encouraging that it is proposed that the Association should under-
take the entire clearing out of the area of this the greatest Abbey
in Wales. A goodly amount of support has already been given to
the project ; and Mr. Williams' account which he will give of his
explorations will, we hope, enlist fi*esh subscriptions, so that the
Denbigh Meeting of 1887 may become identified with the launching
forth, in a practical and permanent form, of a scheme for the ex-
ploration and preservation of the Abbey of Strata Florida."
The adoption of the Report was briefly moved by Mr. R. W. Banks,
and seconded by Mr. R. H. Wood, and carried unanimously.
Major Lloyd Williams then read an interesting paper, based to a
large extent on one by Mr. E. P. Loftus Brock, F.S.A., on the
** Plan and Architectural Remains of Denbigh Castle", which he
described as '* in plan essentially a Norman fortress extended and
strengthened, and having its arrangements dictated by the form of
the ground, and also most probably by the outline of a hill-fort of a
"S:.
DENBIGH MEETING. — REPORT. 337
primitive design, which might reasonably be assumed to have once
occupied the site". Erected by Henry de Lacy, it was, in its general
features, of the English type, and presented many points of contrast
with those of Conwy, Beaumaris, Carnarvon, and Harlech, which
were of the more advanced Edwardian type. He then compared it
with the typical English example of Tonbridge, which it resembled
in all its main features save that of a circular keep on a lofty mound.
The Burgess Tower was alluded to as " perhaps the most pro-
nounced example in the Principality of the circular tower springing
from a square base, with high, pointed stops", which is common to
the Edwardian castles, and is a fine example of a fortified entrance
to a town. The Goblin Tower was remarkable for the skilful
arrangement by which it was made to include the well that lay out-
side the town walls. The place usually pointed out as " the
chapel" was most likely the great hall, the chapel being shown on
Speed's map as nearer the great entrance -tower. St. Hilary's was
assumed, from its dedication, to have been older than the Castle,
and to have been adopted as the chapel of the English community
forming the town.
The paper will be given in full in a future Number of the Journal.
Archdeacon Thomas pointed out that Mr. Lloyd Williams' descrip-
tion of the earlier fortress as " of palisading and deep earthworks",
gave the answer tx) a question often asked, as to what had become
of the earlier castles. Being made of timber, they were easily de-
stroyed by fire, so that nothing remained beyond the moats and the
mounds. A remarkable instance of this was that of the once import-
ant Castle of Mathrafal, the seat of judicature of the Princes of
Powys, which was burnt down by King John. He did not agree
that St. Hilary's was older than the Castle. Architecturally it was
of the same date, and the dedication might well have been intro-
duced with the Anglo-Norman garnson. The earlier church of the
parish was that of St. Marcellas (Llanfarchell), at Whitchurch.
The Archdeacon next read the paper on " The Carmelite Priory
at Denbigh", which is given in the present Number of the Journal,
and the meeting was brought to a close with the announcement of
the programme for the morrow.
TUESDAY, AUGUST 23rd.
At 9.30 the President led the way towards the Castle, which was
gay with bunting for the occasion, and at the entrance of which
Dr. Tumour, in behalf of the Local Committee, received and wel-
comed the Association. As an old member who had been present
at their former visit in 1854, he alluded to the movement it had
called forth for the preservation of the imposing ruins, and had
great satisfaction in pointing, as the result, to their well kept and
carefully conserved condition now. The dangerous, overhanging,
and weakened portions of the towers had been propped up by strong
5Tfl SEB. VOL. rv. 22
338 CAMBRIAN ARCHiEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
masonry that secured their preservation without hiding their archi-
tectural features ; and the interior space had been carefully cleared
of rubbish, and now formed a beautiful resort for the townspeople.
All relics and objects of interest found during the progress of the
work had been placed in a small museum room near the entrance,
and so were available for inspection by visitors on the spot.
Crossing the moat, where once the drawbridge stood, the Castle
is entered through a grand gateway flanked by two octagonal
towers, and backed by the keep. Over the great central arch is a
niche with trefoiled head, and beaded with the ball-ornament, hav-
ing an ef^gy which is supposed to be that of the founder, Henry de
Lacy ; and on either side, with similar ornamentation, other spaces,
now ruined, but probably, in their original state, windows rather
than side-niches. The masonry of the towers is especially good
throughout. Two stories of the keep are still standing, and attached
to it are two other octagonal towers. Bat the best idea of the
Castle will be formed from a survey made 4th Elizabeth, a.d. 1562,
compared with the map now reproduced, in the main, from the
recent Ordnance Survey.
In the Survey of 1562 the jurors present that " there is a princely
and sumptuous Gatehouse vaulted above with carved stonework,
being in length thirteen yards, and in breadth ten yards. The thick-
ness of the wall of the said Gatehouse containeth eight yards, being
covered with lead, and in sufficient reparation ; with also a port-
cullis over that gate, and two chambers next that gate, wherein the
porter lodgeth in the one of them, and the other is a State Prison
gatehouse.
" And within the s^ Castle there stand eight fair towers, every
tower distant from the other 30 yards ; and the thickness of the
walls between every of those towers contains four yards. And the
first of the s** towers, called Badness Tower, being on the south
part of the s*^ gate, and being a round, high tower, containeth seven
yards in length and six in breadth, having three heights falling in
decay, yet covered with lead.
'* And next to that tower, in the east part, is a fair chapel, called
the QueerCs Chapel, seven yards in length and five in breadth ; fair,
vaulted with stone, and covered with lead. And next to that the
high round tower called the Great Kitchen^yfiih two great chimneys
in the same, two ovens, and well covered with lead ; in breadth
contains 15, and in length 16 yards. And next to that, being the
third tower, called the White Chamber, being a very high, round
tower, contains in length twelve, and in breadth twelve yards ; and
of three heights, covered with lead, being ruinous. And a Gallery^
thirteen yards in length and two in breadth, covered with lead.
"And a small turret called t\\Q Titcherhouse, being in utter decay.
And a Great Chamber of stonework, with a vaulted cellar under-
neath, in breadth 9, and in length 27 yards ; two heights of great
timber, covered with lead,, falling in decay.
" And another fair, high tower called Postome Tower, in length 9,
DENBIGH MEETING. — EEPORT. 339
and in breadth 7 yards, fonr heights of timber covered with lead,
decayed. And a turret by that Postome (postern P) Tower, in
breadth 8, and in length 3 yards, covered with lead, in utt«r decay.
s "
" And a fair tower called the Treatvre Soute, wherein are kept all
the records of the Lordship of Denbigh, in length 1, and in breadth
8 yards, well covered with lead, and in good state. And the Tower
next the Treasure Hovee, in length 6, and in breadth 6 yards, of
340 CAMBRIAN ARCH^OLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
tliree heights, and covered with lead, falling in decay. And a lower
called the Bishop's Tcnver, in length 6, and in breadth 4 yards, of 3
heights, covered with lead, in utter decay. And a fair and liigh tower
called the Bed Tower, in length 9, and in breadth 9 yards, of three
heights, covered with lead, and in good stata And a fair tower
called Stavell Hole, wherein there is a Deep Dungeon with two fair
Prison Chambers, and rooms over the same, well covered with lead.
"And the Outer Mantelet of that Castle, beginning at the tower
called Postome Oate, which tower containeth in length 10, and in
breadth 7 yards, of three heights, covered with lead, with two draw-
bridges and portcnllis over the same, covered with lend, falling to
decay. And two little turrets in the mantelet, 3 yards in breadth,
and 4 in length, sometime covered with lead, and now in utter ruin.
" And a fair tower called the Exchequer Tower, without the Castle,
in length 15, and in breadth 10 yards, of 2 heights, covered with
lead, and now much in decay, with a fair gate underneath.
"And another tower without the said Castle, called the Chaplain's
Tower, in length 6, and in breadth 4 yards, covered with shingles,
and in utter ruin.
" And the Green within the Castle, bein^ a fair, large Lawn, con-
tains in length 84 yards, and in breadth 70 yards, with a ruinous
Chapel being upon that Green. The compass of that Castle, within
tlie walls, is 400 yards ; the Walls of the Town adjoining, on both
sides, to the Castle."
From this record it is evident that the Queen^s Chapel adjoined
the Badness Tower and the Keep ; that the ** Gi-eat Kitchen" was
the one now known as King Charles* Tower, from his occupation of
it in 1645 ; and that what is usually called the Chapel was the Ban-
queting Hall; next to it the Postern Tower; and next in order,
and directly opposite the entrance, the Treasure House. Between
Prince Llewelyn's Tower and the Red Tower stood the Bishop's
Tower ; but why so called we know not, unless it had been occupied
by Bishop Parfew during his residence at Denbigh. The Chaplain's
Tower is not known ; but the ruinous chapel on the G-reen was evi-
dently St. Hilary's. The present condition of the towers is simply
that of roofless and ruined shells, where they have not altogether
disappeared.
The Bowling Green adjoining the Castle presents a splendid pano-
rama of the Vale of Clwyd. The w^alls on the east side have had a
strong loop added in order to enclose the well, over which is a very
lofty tower by which the water was raised for the Borough Town
within the walls. The Tower derived its name from the legend that
the only son of the founder of the Castle was drowned in the well.
In 1646 King Charles took refuge here for a while ; but it was
besieged by the Parliamentary forces, and by sheer force of starving
out the garrison they got possession. The Governor, Gapt. William
Salusbury, called, from the colour of his horse, " Hosanau Gleision",
received the King's orders to surrender it, and on the 16th of Octo-
ber 1646 he passed through the gates with his decimated forces.
BE^fBIGH MEETING. — REPORT. 341
and with banners flying and the honours of war. It was finally
razed and slighted by order of Charles II, and what escaped the
gunpowder has been gradually yielding to time and decay.
St. Hilary's, though restored after the Survey, and used until
some twenty years ago, is now a sadder ruin than it was in 1562,
being gutted and disused, save the chancel, which serves as a
Mission- Room. In form it comprises a nave with north aisle of fivo
bays, a western tower, and a chancel. On either side of the chanceU
arch are hagioscopes, the only instance in North Wales known to
the writer. The remains of a piscina survive in the bottom of the
south-east window of the nave. The altar-table is small but richly
carved, and dated 1628. In late times there used to be a rich altar-
cloth, which was believed to be part of an old dossal inwoven, and
dated, " Spes mea in Deo est, 1530", with a border of flowers. It
has been unfortunately lost sight of for some time. Of the four
bells that used to be in the tower, one was inscribed, in old English
letters, "Dominus tecum"; another, ** God save the Church, 1684."
The style of the chancel and tower is the Decorated ; and the con«
tinuous mouldings of the arches are similar to those in St. Asaph
Cathedral, dated c, 1290. The crypt beneath the chancel was used,
until of late, as the Grammar School of the town.
The ruined shell of the fine church which Dudley, Earl of Leices-
ter, began to erect in 1579, with the view of its being made the
cathedral of the diocese, was next inspected under the direction of
Major Lloyd Williams, who described what little was known of its
history, and pointed out its architectural features. The plan is an
oblong, 170 feet by 71 feet, without any apse or chancel. There
-were side-aisles, divided from the nave by an arcade of classic
pillars probably carrying semicircular arches. The drums of some
of the columns are now in the grounds of the Castle House. Speed
shows on his map the church with a roof upon it, though it was
stated that the works had never been completed, the money that
was to have been used for that purpose being applied for the pur-
poses of the Irish war by the Earl of Essex, who borrowed it from
Leicester, and never repaid it.
Mr. S. W. Williams pointed out that the ruins of the church were
very interesting as being a specimen of the first large church built
after the Reformation, and showing the introduction of Italian
architecture into this country at the period when Gothic was gradu-
ally becoming debased; and he thought it not unlikely that an
Italian architect may have designed this church for the Earl of
Leicester, as the fragments which are left of the arcade are dis-
tinctly of classic character. The windows were probably of the
latest type of Perpendicular, with flat, compound arches of two
radii ; and had this church been left to us, we should have had a
unique example of the commencement of the Renaissance school of
classic forms and details breaking in upon the Gothic designs of
the middle ages in a manner clearly developed in many of the Con-
tinental churches.
342 CAMBRIAN ARCH^OLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
The Bargees Tower defends a very strong and massive gateway,
which was defended first by four beams let down, then a portcnllis
next a door, and probably by a stronger portcnllis on the inner side.
Although it was at one time, as its name implies, the council cham-
ber of the burgesses, it has become private property, and is kept in
a discreditable state. It is mucb to be desired that it should again
come into the possession of the town, and it would make an admir-
able museum.
A short interval before luncheon was employed in the inspection
of the valuable and interesting collection of antiquarian objects con-
tributed to the Local Museum.
After luncheon a move was made to the remains of the Carmelite
Priory, commonly called ** The Abbey", at the bottom of the town,
of which an account has already been given, p. 260. Mr. Trevor
Owen, the owner of the property, read an extract from the History
of Poivys Fadogy which has been incorporated in the aforesaid
account, and added that the Priory had been granted by Queen
Elizabeth to Sir John Salesburie of Lleweni, from whom it de-
scended by marriage to a Cotton of Combermere, from one of whose
descendants it was purchased by the great-great-grandfather of the
present owner. The chapel of the Priory has long been used as a
malthouse, and being divided into two floors, its fine proportions
are hidden from view. The handsome east window, now bricked
up, the graceful ogee-arcade in the north wall, the fine roof, and the
sedilia, were carefully noticed ; and opportunity was taken of open-
ing out the piscina and the stoup, both of which had been concealed
by plaster.
Of the domestic building^ nothing remains but a range of build-
ing to the south, now forming stables and lofls, but the upper por-
tion of which appears to have been the dormitories.
Hence the carriages proceeded to Whitchurch, the old parish
church of Denbigh, situated about a mile and a half from the town.
''This is a large church of Perpendicular character, and of the
Clwydian tvpe", to quote from Thomas' History of the Diocese of
St. Asaph, ''and consists of two equal and parallel aisles separated
by light octagonal pillars. There is no division, internal or external,
to distinguish the chancel from the nave. The handsome screen,
which in early Welsh chnrches supplied the place of a chancel-arch,
has been removed ; the central portion to mark the entrance to the
tower at the west end of the north or chancel-aisle, and the other
portions used as a reredos and as ornamental bands on the alt-ar-
rails. The hammer-beam roofs of both aisles are of good design and
workmanship, and are set off with much quaint and curious carving.
The hammer-beams themselves have lost their ornamental corbels ;
but their pendant-posts rest upon stone corbels between the springers
of the arches, sculptured with shields and with animal and human
figures. The rafters also end in bosses of gppotesque animal forms.
The wall-plate has a hollow groove ornamented with grotesque
figures of animals, now much obscured by successive coftts of white-
DENBIGH MEETING. — REPORT. 343
wash. The labels of the windows on the soath side terminate in
bosses, one of which bears a pair of shears, representing probably
the Guild or Company of Taylors ; two others, the Tudor rose and
the fleur-de-lis.** The altar- table bears an inscription which is pro-
bably unique, "non incognito DEo"(to the not nnknown God),**H. R.,
1617." The initials probably point to Hugh Roberts, Rector, 1613.
There are some very interesting monuments in the church. The
portrait-brass in the church represents Richard Myddelton, o5.1575.
Governor of the Castle during the reigns of Edward VI, Mary, and
Elizabeth, with nine sons behind him, and his wife Elizabeth with
seven daughters behind her, all in the attitude of prayer.
Of these sons, three became very eminent men. William, the
third, translated the Psalms into Welsh metre ; Sir Thomas, the
fourth, became Lord Mayor of London, and founded the Chirk
Castle family of that name ; and Sir Hugh, the sixth, brought the
New River into London.
On a handsome alabaster altar-tomb in the south aisle are recum-
bent effigies of Sir John Salusbury of Lleweni, represented as a
knight in full armour, and "Dame Jane his wiefl"*. On the one
side are represented their eight sons, and on the other their four
daughters. A mural monument on the north wall represents Hum-
phrey Llwyd, the historian, in a Spanish dress, and kneeling. He
was M.P. for the borough, and died in 1563. A more recent tablet
has been put up in memory of Thomas Edwards, the Welsh bard,
but known as'^Twm o*r Nant", oh. 1811; and in the churchyard
lies the first man who set up a printing press in Denbigh, Thomas
Jones, the author of an Engliah'Wehh Dictionary^ Drych y Mer-
thyron, etc.
The church of Llandyrnog, which has lately been restored, is of
the local type, of two equal aisles, the chancel being in the northern
ona The east window, of five lights, transomed and foliated, con-
tains very fine early painted glass illustrative of the seven Sacra-
ments and of the Apostles' Creed. Although the upper portion was
complete, the lower had been destroyed ; but a part of this was
found in the ground, near the foot of the window, and was care-
fully replaced, and the rest restored under the care of Mr. Kemp.
Fragments of the effigy of a priest are preserved in the south aisle,
and a plain slab records, " Depositum Gulielmi Roberts SS TH. D
Bangorieus' Episcopi, qui obiit 12 die Augusti Anno Salutis 1665,
Consecrationis 20, aDtatis 80.** There is a fine old oak chest with
iron bands ; and the Registers contain some curious entries which
the Rector drew attention to.
The time had now advanced so far that the projected visit to tho
camp at Penycloddiau, on the Clwydian range, had to be omitted.
On the way home the party were hospitably entertained at Glany-
wern by Colonel "Humberstone, to whom Archdeacon Thomas con-
veyed the thanks of the visitors.
344 CAMBRIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
Evening Meeting.
The President having opened the proceedings with an account of
the visit to the Castle, called on the Chairman of the Committee
to give a resume of the rest of the day's excursion ; and his remarks
were supplemented by Mr. Stephen Williams, who spoke of the
mechanical arrangements by which the water must have been i*aised
from the well in the Goblin Tower, and the skill shown in bringing
it within the line of the Castle walls. He drew attention also to
the need of under-pinning the Burgess Tower, which showed suck
excellent masonry. The lead appeared to have been stripped off in
1672, and removed to Whitchurch,
Mr. Wood regretted that so fine a church as St. Hilary's was
desecrated as it was, and hoped that for the honour of the town it
would be preserved.
The Rev. C. H. Drinkwater then read a short notice of some
" Remains of Ancient Dwellings on the South Slope of Y Foel
Caws, 2^ Miles S.W. of Llanuwchllyn. Merioneth", which he had
discovered in 1885, and which he had examined more carefully on
July 14th of the present year.
Mr. Stephen W. Williams was then called upon by the President
to read his " Report on the Excavations at Strata Florida Abbey,
Cardiganshire", printed at pp. 290-299.
When Mr. Williams had finished, Mr. R. W. Banks remarked that
he had entertained a doubt whether the fire in the reign of Edward
had extended to the church until he visited the site last week. Mr.
Williams then convinced him that there were evidences of the
action of fire in the eastern portion of the church, on the oolite
stone dressings, the exposed sur&ce of which was in many instances
altered to a red colour, and in the frequent finds of melted lead in
the foundations. His doubt arose from the written records, which
suggested a destruction by fire of the monastic baildings rather
than of the church. In the Annates Camhrias^ under the date 1286,
occurs the entry, " Combustio domorum apud Stratam Floridam".
In Brut y Tywysogian, under the date 1280, we find, "that year
died Philip Goch, the tiiirteenth Abbot of Strata Florida ; and after
him Einion Sais became Abbot, and in his lifetime the Monastery-
was burnt." On the 30th of March 1300 (28 Edward), the King
granted his licence to the Abbot to rebuild, on its former site, the
Abbey of Strata Florida, which in the war in Wales, in the twenty-
third year of his reign, had been burnt, contrary to his wishes.
The fire took place in 1295, and not in 1286, a time when the con-
qaest was complete, and Edward was occupied in his work of paci-
fication. In 1294-5 an insurrection broke out in Wales in conse-
quence of the King's attempt to raise on his Welsh military tenants
a levy of a fifteenth, which had been raised two years previously in
England. The levy was one to which the Welsh were unaccus-
DENBIGH MEETING. — REPORT. 345
tomed, and imagiDing that the King had enongh to do in carrying
on a war with France, a general rising took place in Wales ; hoases
were bnrnt, property destroyed, and a great number of English
killed. Maelgwn Vychan, the leader in West Wales, overran Car-
digan and Pembroke. In order to quell the insurrection, the King
diverted a party of his forces, destined for France, to North Wales.
They were defeated at Denbigh. The King, anxious not to lose his
recent acquisition of the Principality, took the command of the
forces in Wales, spent Christmas at A hereon wy, and with the suc-
cess which usually attended his operations, succeeded in putting
down the insurrection before the summer of 1295. Some of the in-
surgent Welsh probably took refuge in the Monastery, and pro-
voked a fire by the King's forces, which extended to the church.
There is no ground for supposing that the stone fabric was de-
stroyed. The burning of the roof and woodwork is sufficient to
account for all appearance of fire in the church. As regards the
style of the building, he was much struck with the resemblance of
the west doorway and window to the doorways and windows in
Buck's view of Basingwerk Abbey, which is now in the Temporary
Museum.
Mr. Banks then moved, and the Rev. C. H, Drinkwater seconded,
a motion that, having heard the Report of Mr. S. W. Williams,
F.R.I.B.A., on the result of his excavations on the site of the Abbey
of Strata Florida, he be authorised by the Cambrian Archaeological
Association to continue his excavations under the direction of the
Geneml Committee, and that a special fund be raised for the pur-*
pose.
This was carried unanimously, and the meeting brought to a close*
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 24th.
Halting at Pont Ruffydd, which stands on the line of the Roman
road from Deva to Begontium, and is believed to occupy the site of
a Roman villa, the members were enabled to trace clearly the line
of the road, from the direction of Caerwys, to the garden through
which it passed ; and near it they were shown the fragments of a
fine " maon llwyd" which had stood in the adjoining field (to which
it gave its name) until it was broken up to make way for the new
turnpike-road.
In the house are many objects of interest, and especially some
oak carvings in the hall. Over the mantel-piece are the royal arms,
quartering France and England, with the legend, " Domine, salvum
fac Regem", and the date, 1608. Another shield with eight quar-
terings, and a mitre as crest, gives the family arms of Archbishop
Williams, with those of the see of Lincoln on the dexter side, and
the Deanery of Westminster on the sinister; both of which dig-
nities he held before his promotion to the archiepiscopal see of
York. Elsewhere were the arms of Christ's Hospital, Ruthin, and
346 CAMBRIAN ARCHiEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
several other coats. Amotig^ the portraits is one of William Roberts,
D.D., Bishop of Bangor, 1637, of the family of Maes Maen Cjmro,
in Llanynys.
At Bodfari Church, the Rector, Canon Browne, and Mr. P. P.
Pennant gave a fall accoant of the restoration, which had followed
the exact lines of the older charch, and pointed out its chief
features. The south aisle appears to have been erected for the
accommodation of the tow^nship of Aberwheeler when the '* Capel
Hwlkyn" had fallen into disuse. The Commnnion-Table and the
pulpit are both handsomely carved, and bear the date 1635; the
pulpit-panels being emblematic of the virtues of Faith, Justice,
Mercy, Watchfulness, and Prudence. Panels representing the
Crucifixion are also inserted in the altar- chair. In the tower,
which is a very conspicuous object in the Vale of Clwyd, are three
bells inscribed respectively, " 1630. God save His Charch and
King"; "1636. Gloria in Excelsis Deo"; and "1636. Cantate
Domino, cantate " An opening under the eastern parapet was
supposed to have been intended for a Sanctus bell. The Communion-
plate included an Elizabethan chalice, the cvppe of dotffary, and
a paten with the Chester mark, presented by Thomas Hall of the
Grange, Cheshire, on Christmas Day 1699. The Registers date
back to 1571, and there is a Wardens' Book dated 1715. A stonp,
taken out of the south wall of the church during some restorations,
is to be seen in the Rectory garden.
The Camp at Mocl y Gaer, above the church, the last of the
series on the Clwydian range, was omitted, and a push made for the
caves recently discovered near Tremeirchion, which have been made
the battleground of a vigorous controversy as to the existence of
pre-glacial man. They are two in number, and occupy the north
side of the dingle, above Ffynnon Beuno. The well is formed of a
strong spring rising out of the limestone formation, and is enclosed
in an oblong bath. It has been in great repute as a healing well,
and takes its name from one of the early British missionaries, St.
Beuno, uncle of St. Winifred.
To the lower of the two caves the same name has also been
assigned for convenience sake, and here Mr. P. P. Pennant, the
owner of the property, and a member of the Committee appointed
by the Geological Society to conduct the exploration, gave a detailed
account of what had been done and discovered.
The same service was done for the Cae Gwyn cave by Mr. E. B.
Luxmoore, another member of the same Committee, who also read
a paper on the subject.
Besides some flint scrapers there were found in these two caverns
the teeth and bones of eleven genera and sixteen species of animals,
c.y., lion (felis leo, var. spelcea), wild cat (F. caius fet-us), spotted
hyaBna (H. crocuto, var. spelcea), wolf (cants lupus), fox (C. vulpes),
bear (ursvs sp.), badger (meles taxus), wild boar (sus scrofa), bovine
(bos 7 bison ?), great Irish deer {cervus giganteus), rod deer {cervus
elaphu9), roebuck ((7. capreolus), i*eiudeer (0. tarandus)^ horse (equus
DENBIGH MEETING. — REPORT. 347
cdballtts), woolly rhinoceros (JR, tichorhinus)^ mammoth {Elephaa
jprimigeniua). Three of these are now extinct animals, the Irish red
deer, the woolly rhinoceros, and the mammoth. The two latter and
the reindeer were representatives of a cold or Arctic climate.
Several of the finds were exhibited on the spot by Mrs. Morgan of
Cae Gwyn.
The controversy, in which the respective leaders were Dr. Hicks,
1\R.S., who maintained the pre-glacial existence, and Professor
M'Kenny Hnghes, F.R.S., of Cambridge, who disputed it, has been
so far strongly decided in favour of Dr. Hicks.
In Treraeirchion Church several objects of great interest were
examined. First, the sculptured e&gy of a priest on an altar-tomb
within an arched recess, foliated and cusped, bearing the legend, in
Lombardic characters, Hic iacet david ap hovel ap madoc. He is
said, and most likely correctly, to be the same with Dafydd Ddu
Hiraddug, a former vicar of the parish, and a bard, who translated
into Welsh the Ojffwium Beatce MaricB, 2. Another eflBgy, now placed
on the ledge of the north window of the transept, represents a
knight clad in armour, with legs crossed, and bearing on his shield
a griffin rampant within a bordure. There is no legend ; but he is
handed down by tradition as Sir Robert Pounderling, once Governor
of Disserth Castle, whose name is still connected with a piece of
land near the village, called " Cae Pounderling." There are a few
fragments of rich, old painted glass preserved in the vestry ; and
here has lingered the custom, once very general, but now fast dying
out, of removing the coffin-plate before lowering the coffin into the
grave, and fixing it up on the church wall as a memorial of the
deceased. The last instance noted here was dated 1879.
The churchyard- cross was unhappily sold a few years ago to pro-
vide lights for the church, and is now preserved in the grounds of
St. Bounces College, where the members were hospitably entertained,
and shown the rare books in the Library, and the rich vestments
and altar-furniture.
In Disserth Church special attention was directed to the beautiful
Jesse window which represents the descent of Our Lord from that
patriarch. The glass is richly toned, and formerly bore the inscrip-
tion, '' Orate pro bono statu parochianorum ad faciendam istam
fenestram mccccl." Another commemorated Archdeacon Tubney,
1442 ; and in 1531 Archdeacon Conway left ten marcs '^ad fabri*
cand' fenestram". The arms of Crevicoeur and Conway are given
in the head-tracery.
A fine but weatherworn cross, with the interlaced ornament,
stands on the south side of the church, whither it had been removed
from Bryn Einion. It was memorial to Einion ap Rhiryd Flaidd,
who was slain at the siege of Disserth Cattle. The base is in the
church porch. On the fioor are some early floriated crosses.
In the Register there is an entry of some remarkable intermarri-
ages, on the same day, between the families of Bishop Parry and
Mr. Mostyn of Rhyd. The dates, 1579 on the roof; " 1603 A Reg:
348 CAMBRIAN ARCH^OLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
45", over the porch ; and " S' John Conway 1636", over the soath
window of the chancel, indicate works of renovation ; and the whole
has been well restored recently, with the addition of a north Iran-
sept and orgnn-ch amber.
A pleasant walk across the park brought the members to Bod-
RHUDDL^N CASTLE
rhyddan, where tbcy were entertained by Major Rowley Conway,
and ehowD the valuable paintings, china, and wood-carvings in the
house ; and thoro was also exhibited an elaborate pedigree which
showed the connections and arms of most of the chief families of
the connlry in the early part of the seventeenth century.
%:r
DENBIGH MEETING. — RErORT. 349
At Rbuddlan the Archdeacon gnided the Association in its per-
ambulation of the Castle, and pointed out the principal features ;
after which he read a brief epitome of the chief events bearing on
the history of the place from the time of King Offa's victory on the
adjoining marsh, in A.D. 795, down to the dismantling of the Castle
by order of the Parliament in 1646.
The accompanying plan, enlarged from that in the New Ordnance
Survey, will show the arrangement of the fortress and its defences,
placed on the bank of a tidal river, and forming one of the keys of
Snowdonia, it was always a point of strategic importance, and sus-
tained a remarkable series of sieges, captures, and recaptures, dur-
ing the Welsh wars, and its massive walls and simple military
character are well in character with those conditions. The main
entrance was at a, between the two round towers, h and c ; and it was
approached by a drawbridge over the moat, the bastions of which
are shown on the inner side. Two corresponding towers occupy
the opposite angle of the court, and the other angles are each of
them strengthened by a single massive round tower. The chief
living rooms were within the tower. There are no remains of build*
ings in the court, but the walls show where the beams rested for the
timber floors and roofs. The moat is encased in masonry, and was
evidently filled with water which was retained by walls. The slope
of the ground from the west prevented its being continued on that
side, and its place was supplied by strong w^alls and towers.
Proceeding from the Castle a distance of about 300 yards, to the
south, Twt Hill, the site of the earlier castle built by Llywelyn ap
Sitsylit, King of Gwynedd c. 1015, was passed ; and a little further
on are the remains of the Dominican Priory, now called the Abbey.
Here, again, under the same guidance, were seen the windows of
the monks' dormitory, above the present barn ; and built up into
the walls, a large monumental slab with an incised effigy of an
Archbishop of Rages, a former brother of the house. Near it was
a cross ragule, memorial to "De Bridelton* cuius a*ie p'piciet."
Other floriated crosses lie near the front door of the farmhouse,
whilst in the garden wall are portions of window-tracery. There is
a much damaged effigy of a knight in the wall of the stable ; and
behind the buildings on the opposite side of the yard (the western)
may be seen several Pointed windows that show that portion to
have been a part of the old monastic building. The property now
belongs to Sir W. G. Williams, Bart., of Bodelwyddan, and it is much
to be desired that these interesting relics should be more carefully
protected.
The lateness of the hour and the shades of evening rendered it
too dark to see the church, and it had reluctantly to be omitted for
the day.
350 CAMBRIAN ARCH^OLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
THURSDAY, AUGUST 25th.
Llanrhaiadr Chnrcb, restored in 1879, under the care of Mr.
Arthur Baker, is, like Whitchurch^ a good specimen of the double
Ciwydian church, of Perpendicular character ; for while the tower
and parts of the edifice are earlier, the church is in the main Per-
pendicular, with a very handsome carved roof, and a fine Jesse win-
dow in the north aisle. The history of the latter is notable. Bought,
it is said, with the offeriDgs made by pilgrims to the Holy Well of
Dyfnog, it was taken down before the civil wars of the Common-
wealth, and stowed away in the curious oak chest still preserved in
the church, out of which it was taken at the Restoration, and set up
in 1661, at the cost, to the parish, of .£60 (no small sum in those days),
but a wise and worthy outlay. The date of this window is given
as "A° (u)cccccxxxiii*'; and its subject, the descent of Our Lord
from the root of Jesse. The tone of the glass is rich, but it is not
equal in clearness or in expression to the corresponding window
seen yesterday at Disserth.
A most interesting paper, written by the late Mr. Charles Win-
ston, was read by the Vicar, Mr. Parry Morgan, giving a lucid
account of the earlier processes of glass-painting, and describing
minutely the features of the present window, of which he said, '^It
is the only example that to his knowledge exists in the United
Kingdom of a Jesse window painted in the early part of the six-
teenth century, and which remains in its original situation.*' Frag-
ments of painted glass of excellent quality have been put up in the
west window of the north aisle. The roof over the sacrarium Ir
enriched with bands of carving, and with shields bearing the instm-
ments of the Passion. A window high up in the south wall must
once have lighted the rood-loft. The piscina and sedilia have been
removed to make way for a south window or its enlargement. The
aumbry remains in the east wall; and in the north aisle portion
there appears to have been a doorway which has been blocked up.
St. Dyfnog's Well is a strong spring of water rising out of the
limestone formation in the dingle above the church, and is enclosed
in an oblong bath of wrought stone ; but the superstructure, if any
ever existed, has disappeared.
Bachymbyd is a good specimen of a superior mansion of the
seventeenth century, having been built in 1666 by Charles Salus-
bury. Knight of the Royal Oak, and High Sheriff of the county in
1661, son of William Salusbury, Governor of Denbigh Castle. It
consisted of a long central body with two wings (of which one baa
been taken down), three stories in height; the upper one lighted
by dormers. Over the entrance are the initials c^£, and beneath
them a shield giving the arms of (Charles) Salusbury, impaling
those of his wife, Elizabeth Morgan of Gwylgre, or Golden Grove.
Their sole child and heiress, Jane, married Sir Walter Bagot of
Blithfield, whose representative, Lord Bagot, is still the owner of
DENBIGH MEETING. — REPORT. 351
this fine property. The terraces in pari remain, and close by are
three remarkably fine Spanish cliestnnt-trees that bear the Esme of
" Tha Three SiBt<'rB", by whom they are suid to have been planted.
On reaching Entliin, the Castle Mill, described by Mr. Bnmwell,
and engraved in Series III, vol. ii, p. 284, was first visited. The
red sandstoDe cro^s on the eastern gable haa anggested the idea that
it might have been originally a chapel ; bnt there can be little doubt
that it has always been a mill, though possibly its upper floor may
Lave been at one time used for thnt purpose.
Nantclnyd House is a good specimen of a town house of the latter
half of the fifteenth century. The entrance leads at once into the
hall, nhicti is paneled, and has a gallery. Tlio fireplace is encasid
in Jacobean carving, with earlier inserted panels. The date is indi-
cated by shields of the royal arms, Senrs-de-lis, and portcnllis, whilst
the possessor's family is shown by a shield of arms cbarged with an
es catch eon.
The Castle of Rnthin illnstratea three periods of castle bnilding :
(1), the fine residential mansion bnilt of red sandstone a qnarter of
n century ago ; beautiful in its sitnation, and imposing in ita aspect ;
(2), the more modest edifice of white limestone erected in the early
part of the centnry ; and (3), the old historic castle of De Grey, of
352 CAMBRIAN ARCHiEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
Tvhich only a portion of the ramparts and a few chambers now sur-
vive. This, of course, is the one of most interest to archasologists,
and we give a ground-plan of it compiled from the Ordnance Sur-
vey. From this it will be seen that it comprised an inner and an
outer ballium, and was defended by moats and earthworks. The
inner ballium, or court, was in form a pentagon, of which three sides
might have belonged to a square, the fourth being projected into an
angle. Four of the angles were defended by massive round towers,
find at the fifth was the entrance, which was guarded by two towers.
The walls were of great thickness, made of the local limestone-
rubble cased with red sandstone ; which, however, has been for the
most part stripped off and renewed. The south angle, with its
tower, have been destroyed to make room for the second Castle.
The space within the walls has been mostly levelled, and laid out in
flower-gardens, so that it is not possible to make out the arrange-
ments of the Castle. A deep fosse separated the inner from the
outer ballium ; and in the western wall, opposite to its centre, was
a strong doorway, with portcullis, grooves, and holes for the bars
by which it was secured and strengthened. The latest Castle now
occupies a portion of this ballium.
Colonel West, M.P., though himself prevented by Parliamentary
duties from being present, provided a most hospitable reception for
the members of the Association, for which the President telegraphed
their hearty thanks.
Afterwards the Secretary, Mr. Trevor Owen read extracts from
Newcome's Tovm and Castle of Ruthin^ showing the history of the
Castle and its devolution from 1281 to the present time. An album
illustrative of the history and architecture of the Castle also attracted
attention, as also did a considerable number of antiquities found
there and in the neighbourhood. Among the early deeds was one
of Beginald de Grey, lord of Dyffryn Clwyd, in which he granted
to ** God and the Church of St, Peter at Ruthin, to the Prior and
Convent of the same, a piece of land called G^lows Hill" (27 Ed-
wnrd III), and which settled the question whether Prior Street
derives its name from the collegiate establishment of St. Peter*s or
from some lost monastic foundation.
From the Castle a pilgrimage whs made to the old Grammar
School founded by Dr. Gjibriel Goodman, Dean of Westminster,
near the end of the sixteenth century. It has been famous as the
nursing mother of many men eminent in the Church and the State,
whose names are recorded on the schoolboards ; and it has a special
claim on the Association from its intimate connection, for moi*e
than thirty years, through a former Head-Master and two of his
pupils, with the editorial chair. To the first of these, the late
Edward Lowry Barnwell, the opportunity was taken, on the motion
of his old friend, Mr. Wood, seconded by an old pupil, Mr. John
Davies of Denbigh, of paying a well-earned tribute of affectionate
remembrance, and the same was ordered to be sent to his widow.
At the Cloisters the Warden pointed out such portions as had sur-
vived uninjured from the pre-Reformation period, and some that
DENBIGH MEETIKG. — HEPORT.
363
bad nndergone alterataon. He also'gave an scconnt of the fonnda-
tioQ of Christ's Hospital and the wardenship, by the same benefac-
tor, and its emiohment by bis nephew, Dr. Godfrey Qoodman,
Bishop of Gloucester. There is a portrait of the founder in one of
354 CAMBRIAN ARCHiEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
the rooms, and also a mazer- cup, or drinking-bowl, with silver
moantings, and the silver seal of the Hospital, of which there is an
enlarged copy carved on wood, as already seen on Wednesday, at
Pontraffydd.
The Warden then condncted the members through the church,
pointing out its former plan and its chief architectural features.
The plan will be best underst4X)d from the accompanying woodcut.
The tower, instead of being at the east end, as now, was originally
at the junction of the nave with the chancel, which extended some
distance to the east. From some notes in the Diary of Richard
Symonds (Camden Soc, 1859) it is evident that it was still standing
in 1645. It was so much injured during the wars of the Common-
wealth that it was taken down, and the materials used in building
the Town Hall, which was erected in 1663, and pulled down in
1863. Then must have disappeared the effigies of Lord Grey and
of '* an Ankres with trim wrought worke in wall", of whom Church-
yard writes, " the former of these was probably * the statue* noticed
by Symonds as * under an arch, south wall of the belfray, betweene
church and chancel.' " Many most interesting memorials, however,
have survived in the nave, especially the portrait-brasses of Dean
Goodman's father and his family, and also a bust of the Dean him-
self. But the glory of Ruthin Church is the beautiful Perpendicu-
lar roof of the north aisle (the old nave), which is divided into
panels, and ornamented with nearly five hundred different devicea,
legends, and emblems.
The municipal records were then inspected in the Council Cham-
ber, where they had been carefully arranged by Mr. W. Lloyd, the
Town Clerk ; and afterwards the members drove on to Llanrhudd
Church, a small but interesting edifice, and the mother-church of
Ruthin. It consists of a single body divided by a screen into nave
and chancel. There is a noteworthy monument on the north wall
to John Thelwall of Bathafarn, who died in 1586, and Jane his
wife (she died in 1585), who are represented as kneeling, and below
them their ien sons and four daughters ; and in a niche close by is
a bust of Ambrose, their ninth son, who is represented with a
moustache, a short, pointed beard, and ruff of the period. On a
plain marble slab is the following inscription :
" Here lyeth tbe body of
Ambrose Thelwall
ninth son to John Thelwall
y* 2^ of that name of Bathavarne Park
Borne y* r*" of 10" 1571
He was yeoman of the Robes to K*.
James in pention to K*. Charles
& again Yeoman of the Robes to
Prince Charles
Till yielding to age & troublous times
He retired to tbe place of his birth
DENBIGH MEETING. — REPORT. 355 .
Wbere having ever beeae a great lover and eapporter of his family
He died y* 5'" AaguBt A Dai 1653 aud enjoys the blessing
He mnch desired to be baried in the sepalcher of hia family."
On the return journey a visit was paid to the church of Llanynys,
The churchyard-croea has been replaced in the chnrohyard instead
of its old poeition on the wall. It is a panel of six sides, with the
cmciGzion of Our Lord on one face, and a bishop on the other.
There are some excellent bits of wood-carving on the door of the
sonth porch and on some of the seats. Those on the door appear
to be the remains of a beantifal fifteenth centnry aoreen ; those on
the seats are of 1570 and later. The old stone pillars that divided
the two aisles have been taken down, and bnilt np into some tall,
straight ones, and the intervals supplied with others of timber.
The mutilated effigy of a bishop lies at the west end ; he was
probably connected with Plas yr Esgob in the parish. An indsed
heraldic slab with the legend, hic jacet .... ap . madoc, forms the
sill of the priest's door, and should be removed for preservation.
Here also is one of the curious dog-tongs, which were once so com-
mon, to enable the wardens to eject troublesome dogs by extending
the arras, as in a pair of lazy tongs, so as to grip the intruder ronnd
356 CAMBRIAN AECHiEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
the neck without danger to himself. We reprodnoe an engraving
of one from 4th Series, vol. viii, p. 213 ; and it should be noted that
the extended arms are lined with rough nails or knobs to keep hold
of the offender.
In the evening a meeting of members was held for matters of
business connected with the Association, when it was decided to
request Mr. J. Bomilly Allen to take the place of Archdeacon.
Thomas, who, owing to the great press of new duties, desired to
resign his share of the editorship.
It was resolved, too, that the next Annual Meeting should be held
at Cowbridge ; and a Sub-Committee was at the same time appointed
to consider the practicability of holding the Meeting for 1889 in
Brittany.
FRIDAY, AUGUST 26th.
The beautiful Church of the Holy Trinity, at Trefnant, erected to
the memory of Colonel and Mrs. Salusbury, of G-alitfaenan, by their
daughters, Mrs. Mainwaring and Mrs. Townshend Mainwaring,
from the designs of the late Sir G-ilbert Scott, is quite a model for a
village church, and comprises chancel, nave, north and soutk
aisles, and vestry, a south porch, and a belfry to mark the junction
of nave and chancel. The pillars which divide the nave from its
aisles are of grey Anglesey marble, the capitals being carved with,
wild flowers grouped in threes, expressive of the Holy Trinity, with
an abacus of black Henllan marble. The church, school, and rec-
tory, form a very attractive group.
Llanerch Park, the seat of Sir George Cay ley, Bart., possesses a
valuable library, among its treasures being a copy of Wickliffe's
Bible in manuscript, dated 1350, a large collection of old deeds ad-
mirably arranged, and a family album of records going back for
many generations. There are, among some very fine paintings, a
portrait of Sir Peter Mutton (1631) and Elen, his wife (1645), sister
of Archbishop Williams ; and a " Prospect of Llanerch, taken on the
East Side, 1662", showing the ornamental terraces and fountains
on the slope towards the Ciwyd.
St. Asaph Cathedral, the next place visited, is very small for a
cathedral, but massive and imposing, being cruciform in plan, witb
a strong central tower of military character. It has been well re-
stored since the Association's last visit, and as entered from the
simple but effective deep-set door at the west end, the view up the
nave, right through to the east window, is taken in at once ; the
clerestory windows having been opened out, and the heavy stone
screen on which the organ used to stand, at the intersection of the
nave and choir, having been removed. The Chapter House, formerly
entered by the door on the north of the chancel, was taken down in
the last century, and its place is now supplied by the south transept,
which was the Lady Chapel, and now forms the Library and Consis-
tory Court.
DENBIGH MEETING. — REPORT. 357
Among the books are a valuable series of black-letter Welsh
Bibles and Prayer Books, including Salesbuiy's New Testament,
1567; and Morgan's Bible, 1588; a copj of the sealed Book of
Common Prayer, 1662, of which only four copies are known to eadst ;
three copies of the First Prayer Book of Edward VI, printed re-
spectively in the months of March, May, and June 1549 ; and a
copy of Walton's Biblia Polyglotta, 1657.
Against the north-west pillar stimds the effigy of a bishop removed
from the chancel. It has no inscription, bnt probably commemo-
rates Anian, who was Bishop at the rebuilding of the Cathedral
after it had been burnt by the soldiers of Edward I (he died in
1593) ; or Llewelyn ap Ynyr of Tale (Leolinus de Bromfield), who
reorganised the Cathedral services, 1293-1314. Near this, on the
floor, is a floriated cross, also removed from the chancel ; and
beneath which were found the fragments of a mediaBval chalice and
paten, of laten, which were shown. The handsome reredos was pre-
sented by Mr. Bamford Hesketh of Gwrych Castle, the founder of
Towyn Church, the rebuilder of Llanddulas, and the donor of the
reredoses in St. Mary's, Denbigh, and in Llangollen parish church.
The throne is a memorial to Bishop Beveridge, *' the reviver and
restorer of primitive Christianity", 1704-8. In the north transept
is a massive tombstone engraved with a hunting subject, and bear^
ing a shield with the lion and fleur-de-lis of the Hollands. There is
much memorial glass, especially the east window to Bishop Carey ;
and there is another in the north side, as well as a marble tablet in
the north aisle, to Mrs. Heinans, who lived at Bronwylfa. Near the
west door are altar-tombs to Bishop Short, 1846-70, and Barrow,
1669-80. Beneath is seen the space occupied by a brass plate which
was taken some years ago to London as evidence in the case of
Breeks v, Woolf rey, in &vour of prayers for the dead ; the words,
'* vos transeuntes in domum Domini, domum orationis, orate pro
conserve vestro, ut inveniat misericordiam in die Domini." There
is no monument nor record to point out the burial-place of either
Bishop Morgan, the translator of the Bible into Welsh (obiit 1604),
or of his successor. Bishop Parry, whose edition, published in 1620,
is the authorised version of the present day.
The parish church' is in form a double parallelogram, the aisles
being dedicated respectively to SS. Cyndeym and Asaph. The roof
of the southern, where also is the chancel, is Perpendicular, and the
arcade is supported on hollowed pilasters resting on earlier deco-
rated bases. There is a rude double piscina, and a small, narrow
window high up in the south wall, to lighten a former roodloft. In
the vestry a fine old chest contains the registers, which date back to
1593, and are rather curiously arranged, the four vicars each enter-
ing the respective entries for their portions of the parish in con-
secutive order, on difierent pages. Among the earlier entries is one
to Sion Tudyr, the bard ; and there is a form of certificate for burials
in woollen, under 30 Charles II.
The picturesque manor-house of "Yaenol", with its stepped gables,
358 CAMBRIAN ABCH^OLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
is an interestiiig spedmen of an Elizabethan mansion, having been
bnilt by John Lloyd, Registrar of the diocese of St. Asaph, in the
year 1597, as shown by a shield of arms with initials and date,
*' I. LL. M. LL. 1597." His danghtei and heiress, Mary, married
William Price of Rhiwlas, in whose family it oontinned nntil a few
years ago, when it was sold to the Baronet of Bodelwyddan. Oyer
the entrance-door was carved the legend, yive vt yiyas 1725, and
other internal arrangements were indicated by the dates 1690 and
1770. The paneling and ceiling of the drawing-room, with its shields
of arms, is handsome. The great hall has been subdivided, and the
stairs cnt off in one direction, and the great fireplace in another.
The phototype of the honse is from one taken by Mr. W. H. Banks,
to wnom also we have been indebted for the other three which
accompany this Report.
At Bodelwyddan Yic&rage the members were most hospitably
entertained by the Rev. Watkin and Mrs. Williams, to whom the
Chairman of Committee returned the warm thanks of the Associa-
tion ; and then the beantif ol new clinrch, built by the late Lady
Willonghby de Broke, was visited, and the graceful spire, the exqui-
site carving in stone and wood, the marble pillars, and the yarious
details, were closely inspected.
*' Penisa'r Glasgoed" is another Elizabethan house with stepped
gables of rather earlier date, but of much smaller size, than YaenoL
Its date also is shown by the inscription, avno domiki 1570 : OEDban
T BTD 5552 ; i.e., "anno mundi". The initials E. K. over a doorwaj
probably belong to Edward and Katherine Lloyd. (See Ciotta Cyfar*
wydd, p. 8.) The oak table, made of a single plank, measures 12 ft.
by 2 ft. 8 in.
" Plas Newydd" is yet another house of nearly the same date, but
larger. An inscription on one side of the wainscotted wall tells that
it was built anno : domiki : 1583 : j:tatis : hbi : fvlcon : ap: bobebt :
43 . G. I ; and a second, over the entrance to the small parlour, bids
us fear God, time devm. This is said to have been the first house in
the district to have been roofed with slates in lieu of shingles, and
it was from here that Peter Roberts, the Notary Public, and com-
piler of the Cwtta Cyfarwydd, which has recently been edited by
Archdeacon Thomas, took his wife.
In a field called " Tyddyn Bleiddyn", on the farm of Tanygraig,
the company inspected the remains of the chambered tumulus of
which an account was given in the Archaologia Camhrensis for 1869,
Series III, vol. xv, p. 197 et seq. It is also described in Professor
Boyd Dawkins' Cave Hunting. It was discovered by the tenant
when ploughing a part of the field which had been at one time
covered with a mound of loose stones and some trees. A large
number of skeletons were found in the chamber, and some in the
narrow passages, where they appear to have been placed in a sitting
posture, with their backs against the upright stones, and then the
whole space filled in with sand. They represented different ages ;
and from a peculiarity in the tibia, Mr. Boyd Dawkins gave them
DENBIGH MEETING. — REPORT. 359
the name of platycnemic (broad-aliinned) meo. Several of the re-
mains are kept at Cefn, and others have been distributed among
Mr. Worthington Smith described a similar grave nhich he had
opened in Bedford a hi re, in whioh he bod found the skeleton of a
female holding in her hand a mass of iron pyrites ; so placed, appa-
rently, in order that if she came to life again she should have a light
at hand. With her were a hundred fossil ech'uias, used as charms.
. At Cefn Mrs. Williams- Wynn hospitably receiyed the members,
aud displayed the collection of aknlls and bones from the tnmulua,
and fossil bones from the cares, which were lighted np for the occa-
sion with magnesium Ught ; and a short account of their exploration
at different times, from the days of Dr. Baekland till thej were
cleared ont, was given.
A beantifiil walk down the narrow valley and along the Cat's
Path conducted the members to a shady road above the river, and
4.
on to Pfynnon Fair, St. Mary's Well. This is a strong spring en-
closed within a now ruined chapel, and in form is square, with three
salient angles on one aide, from which arose pillars supporting a
vaulted roof, as at Holywell. The chapel was of two periods. Deco-
rated and Perpendicular. After the Reformation it fell into com-
parative disuse, though clandestine marriages were occasionally
celebrated here, according to the Gwtta CyfaTWi)dd, so late as 1640.
Browne Willis, in 1720, wrote that " the walls are still standing,
and some of the timber of the roof, which no one offers to make
nse of."
360 CAMBRIAN ARCHiEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
Mr. Howard, of Wigfair, who has enclosed it within a light iron
paling, for its better preservation, pointed oat that there was some
of the same kind of moss as was so highly regarded at Holywell.
He also bronght down Yicar Rowlands' MS. Register (incorporated,
by his permission, in the Ctvtta Gyfarwydd\ in which are many
entries relating to the Well.
This was the last place down on the programme, and jnst as we
left the Well, a heavy, parting downponr, the first to mar the week's
enjoyment, fell npon and accompanied ns for the rest of the journey
home.
Evening Mebtzno.
The President, in opening the proceedings, apologised for having
left the party at St. Asaph, the explanation being that he had busi-
ness at Rhy], and he was anxious to get back and have one more
look at the Museum. He was sorry that they had not had more
time for the study of the Museum. In reading the borough records
he found that in 1675 the borough of Denbigh gave orders for the
removal of the lead from the Burgesses' Tower. It was, he thought,
worth while tracing out how the Tower came under the Corporation,
and again by what means they lost possession of it. The Tower
was a most interesting and splendid specimen of the architecture of
its date and style, and as far as he could he should be happy to
assist in the restoration of the Tower.
Archdeacon Thomas then gave a resume of the three days' excur-
sions, which Mr. S. W. Williams and others supplemented and com-
pleted.
The Rev. Elias Owen was then called upon to read a very interest-
ing paper on Parish Records, which was full of curious memoranda
relating to the people and customs of past days, and will be printed
in extenso in a future Number of the Journal.
Archdeacon Thomas quoted a curious entry from the Register of
Marriages at Whittington, in illustration of the changes in tiiie form
of entry that were made at different periods. When the present
series of marriage registers first came into use, in 1837, the Rector
was sorely puzzled to know what was meant by the " condition" of
the married couple ; so he solved his difficulty by recording of the
first couple so entered, " He fat, she rather lean."
The President, in thanking Mr. Owen for his paper, wished to
remark that the now popular game of lawn-tennis had been played
for centuries at Gerrig y Drudion, and as a boy he had himself often
joined in it.
Archdeacon Thomas then moved, and Mr. Banks seconded, a vote
of thanks to the Local Committee for their excellent arrangements
of the week's excuraions and meetings, coapling with it the name
of the Chairman, Colonel Mesbam.
Mr. R. H. Wood, F.S.A., in proposing a vote of thanks to the con-
tributors to the Museum, and to those who had so ably undertaken
DENBIGH MEETING. — REPORT. 361
the arrangement of it, observed that it was a collection of great local
interest ; indeed, in some points, of national interest ; and he was
sure that it was highly appreciated by the members and their
friends, who felt nnder great obligation to the generons lenders of
their treasures. It seemed, indeed, a pity that a collection of snch
nnnsual interest and valne conld not be allowed to remain on view a
longer time, as the many objects here displayed might never be
brought together again ; bnt they all knew how highly prized these
family possessions were, and it was not to be wondered at that the
owners should be anxious to have them again in their safe keeping.
As some present had not yet visited the Museum, he would venture
to name a few of the exhibits which they should not omit to notice.
Amongst the printed books were two copies of Speed's Maps of
England and Wales : one an exceptionally fine copy of the first edi-
tion, 1611, lent by Colonel Main waring. He might mention that
those, though early maps, were not the first published. The first
maps were by Christopher Saxton, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth,
and were surprisingly accurate when it was remembered under
what extreme difficulty a survey of Wales, and particularly of the
wild and mountainous county of Merioneth, must have been taken
at that period. He was so fortnnate as to have a copy in his library,
and he regretted very much that he had not brought it. There
were some fine MSS. and a number of local deeds and charters
dating back as far as the time of King John. There was a curious
heraldic roll showing the pedigree and descent of the ancient family
of Salusbury. The first part was evidently by a practised hand,
probably by one of the Bandle Holmes ; but they would remark
that the latter part of the work was not so good, and might probably
be attributed to native talent. There were many portraits of note
brought before them, and he might especially mention that of Sir
Thomas Salusbury of Lleweny, who was created a Knight Ban-
neret by Henry YII at Blackheath Field, and who died in 1505 ; and
the fine heraldic portrait of Sir Thomas Salusbury in his tabard, on
which are blazoned the arms of Salusbury, " Gules^ a lion rampant
passant ar,^ between three crescents or'^'y the three crescents having
been granted to Sir Henry Ddn Salusbury in recognition of his
intrepid conduct in the Crusades, 1190, which merited and received
from Richard I this honourable distinction. The exhibition was
particularly rich in silver plate and other things formerly belonging
to the Thrale family and their friend and frequent guest, Dr. John-
son. There were two characteristic autograph letters of the great
lexicographer;^ and there was what few will have ever seen, a
^ Of one of these we give a copy, by the kindness of Col. Mainwaring : —
" Dr, Johnson to Mrs, Thrale.
" Dear Madam, — Though Streatham supplies many things which I know
not where to find in any other place, jou will know it does not answer to
change of air. I was yesterday in hope that the poppy would be equiva-
lent to everything ; but having taken it two nights together, I begin to be
362 CAMBRIAN ARCH^OLOGIGAL ABSOCIATION.
*' Gretna Green Certificate", certifying that " Meredyth Mostyn and
Cecilia Margaret Thrale were lawfnllj married by the way of the
Church of England, and agreeable to the laws of the Kirk of Scot-
land. Dated the seyenth day of June 1795"; and having the signa-
ture of the blacksmith, Joseph Ptoley, who performed the ceremony,
and Mr. Mostyn and Miss Thrale. ^' Anne Shackfield doth witness
the above."
The motion was seconded by Mr. G. Worthing^n Smith, who
reg^tted the shortness of the time available for so valuable and in-
teresting a portion of the attractions of the Meeting ; and Major
Lloyd Williams acknowledged the vote.
On the motion of Mr. S. W. Williams, seconded by Mr. Lloyd
Griffith, a vote of thanks was heartily accorded to the Mayor and
Corporation of Denbigh, and to the Magistrates of the county, for
granting the free use of the County Hall and the Assembly Boom ;
and this was acknowledged, in the absence of the Mayor, by Mr.
Parry Jones, the Town Clerk ; and so ended the pleasant Annual
Meeting for 1887.
afraid of it. I have, however, recovered my appetite and much of my
strength. I took my ounce of hark, bat to-day have taken a laxative, as
Sir fiUchard directed. I have no mind of a journey, but know not whether
I can escape it. I shall let you know how we go on. I dined to-day on
veal-pie.
** I am, Madam,
** Tour most humble servant,
^^Sam: Jobnsok.
** Compliments to dear Queeny love.^
" London. June 6, 1782."
1 Lady Kitto (Miss Hester Thiale).
363
LOCAL MUSEUM.
CATALOGUE OF THE TEMPORARY MUSEUM,
DENBIGH MEETING, 1887.
Tht Temporary Muaeum was placed in the County Hall.
"PHIMMYAL,
Skulls, sapposed to be of Iberian people, fonnd at 6op, Newmarket,
Flintshire
Pelvic bone (Irish deer) fonnd 8 feet below the surface of the ground,
near Bhyl
Two stones showing glacial markings, from the bank of the river
Glwyd, Bodfiuri
Stone net-sinker fonnd in the river-gravel at Uansannan
Incisor tooth of lion, and bones showing hj»na tooth-marks (gnaw-
ing), from Tremeirchion Caves
Various fossils
Lent bj J. Llovd Roberts, Esq.
Bones from Ffynnon Beuno Cave Lent by P. P. Pennant, Esq.
Roman.
Bronze found in ploughing a field near St. George
Lent by Mrs. Humphreys, Cambrian Inn, Pensam, Abergele.
Coins Lent by Richard Williams, Esq., Solicitor, Denbigh.
Amphora Lent by John Da vies, Esq., Brynyparc, Denbigh.
British.
A ring, a native imitation of Roman treatment. An intaglio in sard,
in silver setting of same date, probably of the third century
Lent by Colonel Mesham.
Medueval.
Carved oak representing the Entombment
Oak carving from farmhouse, St. Asaph
Lent by E. B. Lnxmoore, Esq., Bryn Asaph.
Head of churchyard-cross Lent by Mrs, Black wall, Dolhyfryd.
364 CAMBRIAN ARCH^OLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
Miscellaneous.
Silver box, date 1623, presented by Charles I to be run for at
Hoylake, and won by Colonel Handle Mainwaring
Silver chalice, 1579
Lent by Mrs. Townshend Mainwaring, Galltfaenan.
Silver watch formerly belonging to Prince Charles Edward
Jacobite box with silver badge
Jacobite cap
Lent by Colonel Mesham, Pontmifydd.
Silver cnp, the gift of Sir Hngh Myddletou, citizen and goldsmith
of London, to the Corporation of Denbigh, 1611
Two silver maces, the gift of Sir Thomas Myddleton, of Chirk CasUe,
to the Corporation of Denbigh, 1676
The common seal of the Corporation of Denbigh now in nse
Lent by the Mayor and Corporation of Denbigh.
Two silver drinking cups " Presented to the Borongh of Buthin bj
Bishop Goodman of Gloncester in 1638"
Lent by the Mayor and Corporation of Bathin.
English, French, and Indian coins
Lent by Bichard Williams, Esq., B. Humphreys Boberts, Esq.,
Miss Tumour, W. Chambres, Esq., and Sergeant Masters.
Bracelet worn by Mary Queen of Scots
Signet-ring (Queen Mary's) from the collection of the late Earl of
Buchan Lent by Miss Turnonr.
Impression of the Great Seal of England, Charles I, 1627
Lent by J. Da vies, Esq.
Two old pedigrees on vellum
Lent by T. A. Wynne-Edwards, Esq.
Old key found under a sheet of lead covering a sculptured stone at
the Abbey, Denbigh Lent by Bichard Williams, Esq.
Old lace, cameo of the Holy Family, old filigree watch
Pistol belonging to Prince Charles Edward
Lent by C. W. Townshend, Esq.
Portraits and Engravings.
Portrait, Earl of Leicester
Lent by the Mayor and Corporation of Denbigh.
Picture, Sir Thomas Salusbury of Lleweny, died 1506
Picture, Dorothy Salusbury (daughter of Owain Vaughan of Llwy-
diarth), wife of Colonel William Salusbury (Hosanau Gleision),
defender of Denbigh Castle
Picture, Owain Salusbury (son of Colonel William Salusbury). Mar-
ried Mary Goodman of Abenbnry
Picture, Charles Salusbury, younger son of Colonel William Salus-
bury. He built Bachymbyd in 1666
DENBIGH MEETING. — REPORT. 365
Picture, Maria Charlotte Pngh of Bng and Mathafam. Married,
1st) Thomas Pryse of Oogerddan ; 2Qdly, Rev. John Lloyd
Picture, Rev. John Lloyd
Prints by S. and N. Bnck, 1742 :— Denbigh Castle, Basingwerk
Abbey, Rhnddlan Priory, Denbigh Castle (N. View), Harlech
Castle, Rhnddlan Castle, Denbigh Abbey, Chirk Castle
Lent by Mrs. Townshend Main waring.
Miniature of Thomas Pennant, naturalist; born 1726, died 1796
Ditto of Mrs. Piozzi
Lent by P. P. Pennant, Esq.
Engraving, Sir Hugh Myddleton, 1613 Lent by Mrs. Burton.
Painting on oak panel, 1579 Lent by Mr. James Haghes.
Engraving, Sir Hugh Myddleton's Olory. The first issuing of the
water into the New River Head.
Lent by Mrs. LI. F. Heaton and Miss Fenton.
Portrait on panel. Dr. George Lloyd, Bishop of Chester
Lent by Mrs. C. Wynne- Edwards.
Print, View of Denbigh Lent by J. Parry Jones, Esq.
Books and Manuscripts, etc.
Speed's Theatre of the Britisb Empire, 1611
Record of the Ghreat Sessions for Denbigh and Flint, 1637-50
Lent by Mrs. Townshend Mainwaring.
Dr. Morgan's Welsh Bible, 1588
Black Letter Welsh Prayer Book, 1664
Lent by the Very Rev. the Dean of St. Asaph.
Black Letter Bible, 1597 Lent by Mr. Abel Anwyl.
History of the Life and Reign of King Charles, 1658
Lent by Mr. James Howard.
Black Letter Bible, 1613 Lent by Mr. EUis WiUiams.
Da vies' Antiqua Lingua Britannica, a.d. 1632
Speed's Atlas, A.D. 1676
The History of the Ancient and Modern Estate of the Principality
of Wales, etc., A.D. 1630
Mercurius Cambro-Britannicus, etc., a.d. 1652
Animadversions upon a Letter sent to His Highness by certain
Gentlemen and others in Wales, etc , a.d. 1656
The Welchman's Publike Recantation ; or His hearty sorrow for
taking up of Armes against her Parliament, and other pamph-
lets, A.D. 1642
The Breviary of Britain. Written in Latin by Humphrey Llwyd
of Denbigh, and lately Englished by Thomas Twyne, a.d. 1573
Lent by Mrs. C. Wynne-Edwards.
MS. A series of Letters on Church Matters, found ten years ago
in an old farmhouse near Crewkeme
Life of St. Barbara, MS., on vellum, sm. 4to.
HoraB B. V. M., sm. 4to., illuminated MS.
Offic. de La Vierze, sm. 4to., illuminated MS.
Lent by J. Lockyer, Esq.
366 CAMBRIAN ARCH^OLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
Chabters and Letters.
Borongh of Denbigh, Grant from Henry de Lacj, Earl of Lincoln,
Constable of Chester, and Lord of Rhos and Bivoniocke, of
Lands in the Lordship and Borough of Denbigh for Military
Services, c. 1290. lu Norman French
Borough of Denbigh, Charter of 20 November, 22 Henry VII (1506),
confirming Charters of Richard HI, Henry IV, Richard II,
Edward I to Henry de Lasey
Borough of Denbigh, Charter of 26 May, Ist Henry VIII (1509),
confirming Charters of Henry VII, Richard II, Edward II,
Edward I to Henry de Lasey, Earl of Lincoln
Borough of Denbigh, Charter of 25th April, 5th Edward VI (1550).
Inspeximus of all the previous Charters, 30th April, 4th Eliza-
beth (1562)
Confirmation of the Charter of Edward VI annexed to it
Borough of Denbigh, Governing Charter, 14 Charles I (1638)
Inspeximus of Charters, 29 Elizabeth, 18 Edward I, 6 Edward
III, 2 Richard II, 2 Richard III
Borough of Denbigh, Grant from the Aldermen, Bailiffs, and Capital
Burgesses, incorporating the Company of Corvizers, 4 Septem-
ber, 40 Elizabeth (1598)
Borough of Denbigh, Inquisition into the Charities of the Borough,
in the name of Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Com-
monwealth of England, 13th July 1655
Borough of Denbigh. The Earl of I'em broke, transmitting a Copy
of the Warrant of the Privy Council concerning Musters of
Soldiers
Borough of Denbigh, Warrant from the Privy Council of Queen
Elizabeth, in the 41 st year of her Reign (6th February 1598),
to join the County of Denbigh in Mustering Soldiers. Signa-
tures: — Lord Keeper Egerton, Earl of Nottingham, Earl of
Essex (Earl Marshall), Lord Northe, W. KnoUys, J. Buckhurst
Borough of Denbigh, Order of the Lord Protector Cromwell to
restore to William Jones the Vicarage of Denbigh, of which he
had been deprived by William Carter claiming under Institu-
tion made fourteen years previously. 24th August 1654
Borough of Denbigh, 19th February 1618. Wari'ant from the Earl
of Northampton transmitting a further Order of the Council
about Musters
Borough of Denbigh, earliest Election of a Burgess or Freeman by
the Aldermen, Bailiffs, and Capital Burgesses, or Common
Council, 17 June 1701
12 July 1649, Letter of Sir Thomas Myddleton to Colonel Twisleton,
of Denbigh Castle, applying for a Grant of Money to a poor
Inhabitant, Hugh Dryhurst, from Funds in the hands of the
Corporation
DENBIGH MEETING. — REPORT. 367
Borough of Denbigh, 13 March 1618, Letter of Sir Hngh Myddle-
ton to the Aldermen, Bailiffs, and Capital Bargesses, on the
Death of his Cousin, Panton, the Recorder, recommending his
Cousin, Hugh Parry, to be Recorder
Borough of Denbigh, 23 April 1661. Letter from William Llojd,
Penporchell, sending lis. to the Aldermen to be spent in any
Liquor they please on the Restoration and Coronation of
Charles II, and for his Prosperity
Corporation of Denbigh, Letter of the Earl of Lycester to the Bishop
of St. Asaph and others about Building a new Shire Hall in
Denbigh. Dated 16 March 1572. The Earl's own signature
Borough of Denbigh, Letter from the Corporation to the High
Sheriff* about the Murder of an Alderman of Denbigh by Men
in Custody in the Prison of the Borough, and ordered by Sir
Thomas Chamberlaine, Chief Justice of Assize, to be surren-
dered to the High Sheriff to be tried
Borough of Denbigh, Order from the Privy Council of Charles II,
5th March 1680, to the chief Magistrates of Denbigh to enforce
the taking of the Sacrament by corporate Ofi&cers. Signatures :
The Marquis of Worcester, Earl of Sunderland, The Earl of
Bathe, Bishop of London, Sir Leoline Jenkins, Thomas Dolman
Borough of Denbigh, Answer of the Corporation of Denbigh to the
Order of the Privy Council of Charles II about the taking of
the Sacrament by corporate and other officers. 15th June 1680
Lent by the Mayor and Corporation of Denbigh.
368
CAMBRIAN ARCHiEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
CAMBRIAN ARCHiEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.
DENBIGH MEETING, AUGUST 22-27, 1887
Rboeiptb.
SUBSCRIBERS TO LOCAL FIFND
Colonel Charles 8. Mainwaring, Prmdewt
Colonel Humbenton
Colonel Mesham
The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of St. Asaph
The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Asaph
Sir William Qrenyille Williams, Baxt.
The ReT. Watkin H. Williams
Major Casson
Dr. Edward WUliams
Dr. A. E. Tumour
Mrs. Burton
Mrs. Mostyn
Mrs. Williams Wynn
Mrs. Eyanson
R. H. Wood, Esq., F.S.A.
John Briscoe, Esq.
John Davies, Esq.
Thomas Williams, Esq. .
E. H. Owen, Esq.
A. T. Keene, Esq.
Miss M. C. L. Williams .
Mrs. R. Lloyd- Williams .
Mrs. Frank Wynne
Miss Qriffith
Miss Lewis
Major Conran
Major Hartford .
Captain A. Heaton
The Rev. Canon Lewis
The Rev. John Morgan
The Rey. R. H. Howard
The Rev. Owen Jones .
Dr. R. M. Prichard
£. Luxmoore, Esq.
T. Gold Edwards, Esq. .
John P. Lewis, Esq.
John Parry Jones, Esq. .
John Lloyd Roberts, Esq.
William H. Heaton, Esq.
Llew. F. Heaton, Esq. .
— Marshall, Esq.
£ 8. d.
5 5
2 2
2 2
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
I 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
I 1
1 1
1
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
10
6
DENBIGH- MEETING. — RETORT. 369
Mr. W. Mellard ....
Miss Price .....
Mr. Charles Cottom ....
£40 1 6
Payments by Members for conYeyances in the several
excursions, admission to Museum and meetings at the
Assembly Rooms, and sale of Catalogues • . S2 16 6
Total £62 18
£ ».
d.
10
6
7
6
7
6
Expenditure.
John Williams for hire of horses for four days, including
driver, etc. . . . 10 17 6
The Manageress of the Plough Hotel, St. Asaph, for
brake and pair of horses, including driver . .16
Gratuities to Castle keepers at Denbigh and Rhuddlan,
vergers of Rhuddlan, Llanrhaiadr, Ruthin, and
Bodelwyddan Churches, at Cefn Caves, Gla8goed,etc.
C. Cottom and Co. for printing, advertising, etc.
Sergt. Inst. Masters for services in connection with
Museum ......
T. C. Dew for cleaning and attendance for Museum, and
for gas ......
Robert Hughes, joiner, for work done re Museum
W. Mellard for brass wire, hooks, etc. .
The Corporation of Denbigh for cleaning Assembly
Rooms, and for gas ....
Clerks for assistance .....
Local Hon. Secretary for stationery, postage, carriage of
goods to Museum, and railway fares of clerks fetch-
ing and returning ditto .430
£Si) 16
Balance to be forwarded to Cambrian Arch. Assoc. 32 2
2 7
4 12
6
7
1 10
1 4
12
9
5
14
3
£62 18
Examined and found correct,
Chables Salubbubt Mainwabino, President.
Nov. 9th, 1887.
5th 8Bb., vol. IV. 24
370
ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF CONTENTS.
VOL. IV. FIFTH SERIES.
Abergelley tithes, S4
Abernant Chnrch, 119
Accounts, annual statement of, 80
statement of, Annnal
Meeting, 368
Annual Meeting, Report of, 328
Report, 334
Bachymbyd Manor House, 350
Barnwell (Elev. E. L.), obituary
notice of, 317
Barrow at Bridgend, 157
Bettws Abergele tithes, 34
Bodfari Church, 346
stoup, 75
Brecon Priory Church, 274
St Mary's Church, 276
Christ College Chapel,278
Bridgend Barrow, 157
Bronze implements at Llanwit
Major, 151
Caer Drewyn, Corwen, 157, 241
Caerphilly Castle, grant of, 180
Catalogue, Museum, 363
Cave, Cae Gwyn, 346
Cat .Hole, Park le Breos,
200
Ffynnon Beuno, 346
Caves, Cefn, 359
Chained books in churches, 239
Chester, Roman finds at, 320
Compound walls in NortJi Wales,
241
Conrad, Abbot of Margam, 8
Crickadarn Church, 287
Cronware Church, 119
Cyffig Church, 24
Demeirchion tithes, 38
Denbigh Castle, 336, 338
Priory Charch, 260
Whitchurch, 342
Disserth, St. Asaph, tithes, 32
Church, 347
Edward II, 161
marriage contract of, 53
Effigy, sepulchral, St. Mary's
Church, Swansea, 155
semi, of female, Denbigh
Abbey, 271
Effigies, sepulchral, Tremeirchion
Church, 347
Faenol, prebend of, St. Asaph, 37
Manor House, 357
Ffynnon Fair, 359
Fitzhamon (BLobert), 2
Flint Church sepulchral slabs, 74
Gilbert, Abbot of Margam, 8
ALPHABBTICAL INDEX OF CONTENTS.
371
Giraldns Gambrensis, visit to
Margam, 5
Olamorgan, oonqnest of, 2
Oower, conqaest of, 14
Henllan tithes, St. Asaph, 45
Henry de Newburgh, 14
Horn-Book, Trenddyn, 158
Huntington Lordship, Hereford-
shire, 140
Ilston Church, 287
John of OoldolifiT, Abbot of Mar-
gam, 8
Kenton Manor, grant of, to Mar-
gam Abbey, 179
Land-measures, Welsh, 236
Land, ancient tenures of, in
Marches of Wales (review), 322
Lee (J. E.), Esq., obituary notice
of, 320
Llanavan Fawr Churchy 279
Llandaff,John de la Warre, Bishop
of, 8
Cathedral Church goods,
225
Llanddoget Church, 75
Llanddowror Church, 27
Llandymog Church, 343
LlaneUyw Church, 280
Llanfair Talhaiam tithes, 41
Llangammarch Church, Brecon,
281
Llanganten Church, 280
Llangemew tithes, 39
Llangynning Church, 116
Llangystennin tithes, 35
Llanlleonfel Church, 281
Llanrhaiadr Church, Denbigh,
350
Llanrhidian Castle, 13
Llansantffraid, Conwy, tithes, 86
Llansaintffread Church, BreooUy
202
Llansilin tithes, 30
Uanwit Major bronze implements,
151
inscribed stones, 157
Llanwrtyd Church, 282
Llanyfydd tithes, 40
Llywelyn, death of Prince, 237
Manor House, Bachymbyd, 350
Faenol, 357
Plasnewydd, 358
Penisaglascoed, 358
Margam Abbey, 1
Meliden tithes, 43
Myfod tithes, St Asaph, 44
Maseum, catalogue of Denbigh
Local, 363
Neath Abbey. 81, 236
notes on charters of, 86
Oystermouth Castle, 182
Patrishow Church, 282
Pedigree of Blaene, Tregynon, 65
Broughton, Brochdyn, 66
Derwas, Y Same, 215
Clive of Cae Howel, 308
Edwards, Collfryn, 144
Griffiths, Moelygarth,Ce-
gydfa, 66
„ Golfa, Llansilin, 218
Gruffy dd, Y Main, Meifod,
219
Gmffydd ap Dafydd
Gartheryr, 316
Howel ap leuan Llwyd,
Kedewain, 64
Howel ap Dafydd, Llan-
santffraid yn Mechain, 223
Kyffin, Glascoed, 134
„ Bodfach,137
372
ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF CONTENTS.
Fedifi^ree, Kyffin, Swine, 139
„ Gariheryr, 313
— Lloyd, Bryngwyn, 69
Pentreheylin, 144
Halchdjn, 145
Trewylan yn Deu-
9]
19
ddwr, 214
Kryw, 218
Dolobran, 220
Qlanbayon, 804
Glantanat, 301
Eunant, 309
Lloran Isa, 310
Plas Iddon, Tre-
vor, 313
Llwyd, Llai, 67
BettwB Maelien-
99
91
99
99
99
99
99
ydd, 61
70
99
99
Llanffy nhon- wen ,
„ Bodfach, 139
Mathews, Trefnane, 218
Mathew ap Moris, Oeri
yn Maelienydd, 66
Moris ap Robert, Plas
Newydd, Llangedwyn, 132
Moris, Brynygwalie, 133
Trefedryd, 219
Llansantffraid yn
99
99
Mechain, 222
Morgan, Glaniwrch, 307
Manrice, Glan Eynlleth,
309
Meredydd,Penygarth,301
Penrhyn, Deuddwr, 216
Prise, Gogerddan, 59
— — Pryce, Trenewydd yn
Ngedewain, 62
Prys, Glanmeheli yn
Ngeri, 63
Prys, Y Paenol, 64
Bichard ap Howel, Edn-
bop, 67
Bys ap Thomas, Estyn-
colwyn, 221
Salisbury, Lleweni, 271
Tanat, Abertanat, 140
„ Blodwel Fechan,
Pedigree, Tanat, Broxyn, 143
„ Drewylan, 144
Yanghan, Llwydiarth yn
Mhowys, 71
Glanllyn, 131
Caer Gai, 132
Wynn, Dolarddyn, 68
„ Abercynlleth, 302
„ Maes Mocbnant,
99
99
306
142
„ Gartheryr, 308
„ Eanant, 309
Y Marchog Gwyllt, 807
Penally Old Quay House, 146
Penisaglascoed, St. Asaph Manor
House, 358
Penmaen Church, 288
Penmon Cross, Anglesey, 157
Pennard Church, 289
Penny Crick Tumulus, 299
Penygaer, Llanelhaiarn, 252
Plasnewydd, Cefn, St. Asaph,
Manor House, 858
Pontruffydd, site of Roman villa,
345
Rhuddlan Castle, 348
Priory, 349
tithes, 31
Robert Consul, 3
Roman find at Chester, 320
villa, site of, at Pontruff-
ydd, 345
Royalists, Welsh, 122
Royal Tribes of Wales (review),
325
RCLg, 48
Ruthin Castle, 351
Church, 354
St. Aiaph Cathedral, 356
Church, 357
Sepulchral slabs, Flint Church,74
Strata Florida Abbey, 290
Talachddu Church, 285
LIST OP ILLUSTRA.TIONS.
373
Talgarth Church, Brecon, 285
Tintem Abbey, grant of fishery
to, 170
Trallwng Church, 286
Trefnant Church, 356
Tremeirchiou Church, 347
Tre 'r Ceiri, 267
Treuddyn Hom*Book, 158
Tumulus, Park Cwm, 192
— Penny Crick, 299
Will of Sir John Price of New-
town, 210
William Lloyd of Eglwys
Fach, 158
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Chapter House, Margam Abbey, Exterior
Ditto ditto Interior
Weobley Castle . . . ,
Ditto, Main Entrance
Cyffig Church ....
Stone Socket on Tower Door of Cyffig Church
Plan of Cyffig Church
Pilgrim Stones, Llanddowror .
Riig, near Corwen . . . .
Plan of the Conventual Church and Buildings of Neath
Neath Abbey ....
Neath Abbey, the Church, looking West
Llangynning Church, and Detail
Effigy of Pilgrim, Llangynning Church .
Abernant Church, and Details
Ground-Plan of Old Quay House, Penally
Bronze Implements found at Llantwit Major
Sepulchral Effigy of a Priest at St. Mary's, Swansea
Oystermouth Castle ....
Plan of Oystermouth Castle
Chambered Tumulus, Park Cwm
Plan of Park Cwm Tumulus .
Plan of " Cat-Hole" Cave, Park le Breos
Llansaintffread Church, Brecon
Ditto. Details ....
Caer Drewyn, near Corwen
Tre 'r Ceiri ....
The Abbey, near Denbigh. View and Details
Ditto. Details ....
Semi-Effigy of Female, Denbigh Abbey .
Patriflhow Font ....
6th sbr., vol. IV.
Abbey
120
I
10
13
22
24
25
26
28
48
"81
82
83
116
117
121
147
153
156
182
185
193
195
200
202
205
241
257
260
261>
271
284
25
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